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        1 - Validity and Reliability of an Advertising Literacy Questionnaire from the Viewpoints of an Audience using Social Approach
        Hamid Ghasemi Nazanin Rasekh Vali Narimanifar
        Validity and Reliability of an Advertising Literacy Questionnaire from the Viewpoints of an Audience using Social ApproachObjective:The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an advertising literacy questionnaire from the viewpoint of high sc More
        Validity and Reliability of an Advertising Literacy Questionnaire from the Viewpoints of an Audience using Social ApproachObjective:The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an advertising literacy questionnaire from the viewpoint of high school physical education teachers as the audience in the city of Drood.Methodology:The research method is applied in terms of purpose and employs a quantitative strategy and uses a descriptive procedure based on the structural equation method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the K-12 and high school first and second grade teachers of Drood, Lorestan Province (N = 200). In addition, it should be noted that the total population method of sampling was conducted. The measurement instrument is Malmelin’s (2010) Advertising Literacy Questionnaire, which was appraised for validity in the Iranian society. Descriptive indices and statistical tests were used to analyze the data, while the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used to determine reliability and convergent/divergent validity, and lastly the confirmatory factor analysis was performed to determine construct validity.Results:The results of this study showed a desirable fitting of the dimensions of the advertising literacy model from the viewpoints of the audience, such that in terms of construct validity and significance levels, all items had a significant relationship with the factors and were able to serve as good predictive factors. Furthermore, it was found that based on the Cronbach's alpha values and combined reliability, the questionnaire components had acceptable reliabilityConclusion: As a result of this confirmation in the present study, we can conclude that this questionnaire can be used to examine the state, order and priority of its items according to the customers. Finally, teachers as social contacts would be able to develop Sport advertising plans and evaluate their effectiveness based on obtained results. Keywords: Physical Education teachers, information literacy, visual literacy in the arts, rhetorical literacy, advertising literacy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The study effectiveness of media literacy education on the critical thinking skills of students
        فاطمه کرمانشاهی فریبا عزالدین mehdi badali
        Because in today's world the media are a key element in human societies, media literacy education is considered one of the basic requirements for the citizens. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of media literacy education on the critical thinki More
        Because in today's world the media are a key element in human societies, media literacy education is considered one of the basic requirements for the citizens. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of media literacy education on the critical thinking skills of students. In this study, quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with control group was used. The study population in all the First base high school students of Tehran city. Use random sampling of the population, was a school, secondary school, two classes in first grade that one of these classes were randomly assigned as the experimental group and the control group formed another class. Methods This was a first for both groups (experimental and control) pretest California Critical Thinking was done, then the lesson plan 8 meeting teaching media literacy for the experimental group was the control group, no training could not be applied immediately after the training media literacy for testing, test critical thinking skills for both groups and eventually using covariance and semi-structured interviews was conducted to analyze the data. The results showed that the use of teaching media literacy on the critical thinking skills and 4 after it (analysis, evaluation, inference and inductive reasoning) than the deductive reasoning has a significant positive impact and can develop essential skills in students be. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Training Language Teachers: An educational semiotic model
        Firoozeh Mohammadi Hassanabadi