List of Articles Venezuela

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - The United States and Promotion of Democracy in Latin America: The Case of Venezuela
  Ahmad Sabouri Nejad Akram Taha
  Democracy promotion is one of the most important US strategies after the cold war to keep its dominance and influence in Latin America. Accompaniment and the appropriateness of this policy with the formation of the third wave of democratization caused American politicia More

  Democracy promotion is one of the most important US strategies after the cold war to keep its dominance and influence in Latin America. Accompaniment and the appropriateness of this policy with the formation of the third wave of democratization caused American politicians to use it as a tool to promote their plans in the region. By considering democracy promotion (William Robinson’s view) in Latin America with focus on Venezuela as its basis, this article tries to investigate on the basis of what criteria and mechanisms has US applied democracy promotion to Latin America? The results of this study show that over the last quarter, US government has made endless efforts and planning in Latin America to let those elites, who agreed with neoliberal economic system and free market, come to power. Therefore it tried to prevent people, groups, nationalist and left-wing parties and totally, those who opposed neoliberal economic system from coming to power. To this end, destabilization of left and nationalist governments in the target countries was of the most important mechanisms in democracy promotion policy in Latin America; A policy which was pursued during all Hugo Chavez administration and even after that. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Comparing the Relationship between Inflation and Inflation Uncertainty in Iran and Three OPEC Members
  Elham Farnaghi Oranus Parivar Hamid Tofighi
  By employing conditional variance modeling and Granger causality test, we specified and compared the linkage between inflation and inflation uncertainty in Iran and three other OPEC members. To achieve this purpose we used consumer price index quarterly data for the yea More

  By employing conditional variance modeling and Granger causality test, we specified and compared the linkage between inflation and inflation uncertainty in Iran and three other OPEC members. To achieve this purpose we used consumer price index quarterly data for the years 1985-2009. The results suggest strong evidence that shows that in all these countries the increase in inflation leads to increase in inflation uncertainty. But in reverse, only in Iran and Venezuela, a causal relationship from inflation uncertainty to inflation can be found Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - The survey of the impacts of the preferential trade arrangement agreement between Iran and Venezuela
  Mohammadreza MirzaeeNejad Yalda, Dehghqn
  The economic convergence commitments have being signed increasingly since two past decades throughout the world. Nowadays, more than half of global trades have been occurred through these kind of commitments. In addition, almost every country is a member of these sorts More

  The economic convergence commitments have being signed increasingly since two past decades throughout the world. Nowadays, more than half of global trades have been occurred through these kind of commitments. In addition, almost every country is a member of these sorts of commitments. In this paper, the effects of decreasing tariff barriers on the trade flows, tariff revenues, and trade balance are simulated when the Iran-Venezuela Preferential Trade Arrangement (PTA) be established. These effects are simulated by using a partial equilibrium model so called SMART. The results show that the establishment of such arrangement causes expanding trade volume of Iran. Besides, the Iran's trade related to Venezuela's one gets excess because of its exports increasing related to its imports. Overall tariff reduction is simulated under two different scenarios, 70 and 500 percent. In both situations, hot water steam boiler, nuclear reactors, mechanical machineries, vehicles, iron and steal products, various chemical industries and fruits are the most determinations with regard to the concept of creation and diversion trade. Furthermore, these products have the most effects on Iran's exports to Venezuela. On the other hand, raw steel and cast iron are the most impressive imports of Iran from Venezuela Manuscript profile