List of Articles The press

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  1 - Identifying the influential macro factors in the creation of non-performing loans by the method of theme analysis, the case study of Bank Mehr Eghtesad
  SADEGH ANSARI Seyed Mohammad Hasheminejad Abdolreza Talaneh
  Non-performing loans are a critical factor in assessing the profitability of banks and their influence on the financial system. This research tries to identify the influential macro factors in forming non-performing loans of Bank Mehr Eghtesad branches in the country. T More

  Non-performing loans are a critical factor in assessing the profitability of banks and their influence on the financial system. This research tries to identify the influential macro factors in forming non-performing loans of Bank Mehr Eghtesad branches in the country. This research is qualitative and exploratory based on the type and nature of the data. Therefore, it benefits from the theme analysis method. An interview protocol is used to collect data. Also, in terms of the purpose, it is considered among applied and developmental research. The research population includes 20 persons who are the managers and deputy managers of Bank Mehr Eghtesad branches in the provinces and experts of accounting, economics, financial management, and banking. The participants' method in the interview is an exploratory focus group; the purposeful snowball sampling method is used to define the target groups of informants according to the research topic, problem, and situation. They participated in this study From May to August 2022. The data from the interviews has been analyzed with the help of MAXQDA software to analyze the theme during the three main stages of open, central, and selective coding. The results indicate that in cretating non-performing loans the three significant macro factors of the lack of transparency of administrative laws; inflation rate and profit; the pressures of banking interest groups have had a significant impact compared to other factors. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The Constitution of Constitutional System Scaled by Ideas of Sheikh Fadlullah Nouri
  alireza naeij سیدابراهیم معصومی مرتضی اشرافی
  Sheikh Fadlullah Nouri was one of the distinguished and avant-gardes of the constitutional movement. He had well realized the existing problems and challenges that faced Iranian people with full wisdom and said that the despotic regime was the main cause. For the same r More

  Sheikh Fadlullah Nouri was one of the distinguished and avant-gardes of the constitutional movement. He had well realized the existing problems and challenges that faced Iranian people with full wisdom and said that the despotic regime was the main cause. For the same reason, he believed that people must counter with the autocratic regime in the best way that is constitution of legislature and constitutionalizing the Imperial regime; hence, once constitutional movement began, he made speeches and distributed tracts to insist on this important thing. After the westernized intellectuals involved in the constitutional movement, intellectuals held control of the constitutional movement that Sheikh and scholars had in mind and they rose up for restricting autocracy, all laws written down by intellectuals after establishment of the first parliament he seriously opposed and he published treatises, statements and speeches for their improvement. The martyred Sheikh realized problems and incidences in the constitutional age through deep and precise understanding of the Islamic doctrines and their adjustment with his time and age. This triggered his confrontation with intellectual movements, colonialism and autocracy. The present article, based on historical evidence, intends to analyze the cases by which Sheikh opposed to the laws of the first parliament (laws of intellectuals) such as constitutionalism, transition from the constitutional movement to legitimate constitutionalism, the Constitution, theory of main oversight of Majlis, elucidation of concepts in the Constitution and amendment to the press law. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The concept of freedom in the thought of Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzadeh
  fardin moradkhani
  Freedom is one of the most important concepts of the new era. In Iran's constitutionalism, the importance of this concept was realized from the very beginning and words were said about it. Among the people who spoke about freedom, intellectuals are very important. They More

  Freedom is one of the most important concepts of the new era. In Iran's constitutionalism, the importance of this concept was realized from the very beginning and words were said about it. Among the people who spoke about freedom, intellectuals are very important. They tried to define freedom and point out its importance and talk about its types. Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzadeh, as one of the great intellectuals of that period, has reflected on the concept of freedom. It cannot be claimed that he had a coherent thought about freedom and pointed out its various aspects. However, he has said precise words about freedom and while pointing to two types of freedom or two principles of freedom, he has said the reason for their absence in Iran and the way to acquire them and he has addressed some examples of freedom, including freedom of opinion, freedom of the press, and freedom of women Manuscript profile
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  4 - Investigating how Reza Shah deals with the issue of modernity, Intellectuallity, and analyzing his cognitive behavior with intellectuals according to historical research and documents
  Mehrab Hatami manizheh Sadri Simin Fasihi Nazli Eskandari nezhad
  Intellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they als More

  Intellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they also show a tendency to fight against the established powers. Its constituent forces can be clerics, journalists, teachers, professors, party activists, and artists. The main demand of these intellectuals was the establishment of a new European-style law system, the re-identification and national traditions of Iran, prohibiting clerics from interfering in politics and establishing new political institutions based on national sovereignty, and creating a modern national government. In examining the position of these forces in the era of Reza Shah, mostly the forces critical of the government and outside Reza Khani's political apparatus have intended to comment. Reza Shah's period is one in which important developments in the public and higher education, as well as movements in the modernization of the education system and higher education occurred in Iran. As a result, the enlightenment phenomenon manifests itself on a larger scale. The government's critical behavior eventually led to Reza Shah's strong reaction to them till the intellectuals were either imprisoned or attracted to Reza Shah's apparatus and due to the lack of public base, they were unable to make a significant impact on developments. In addition, Reza Shah was not optimistic about intellectual activities and that got the intellectuals out of the way individually, either organizationally or in groups Manuscript profile
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  5 - Investigating the press challenges to present an optimum model of management in Iran
  Mahdi Esmail Tabar mohammad Taghi Emani Sayed Reza salehiamiri
  Republic of Iran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative and qualitative (combined) in terms of data, descriptive in terms of performance and survey type. The statistical population of the current research consists of two categories: the first wa More

  Republic of Iran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative and qualitative (combined) in terms of data, descriptive in terms of performance and survey type. The statistical population of the current research consists of two categories: the first was the managers invited by the press assistant participated in professional committee meetings who were taken for determining the elements and their importance to design the model. The top experienced experts of Iran’s press who were professional  in committee meetings to assess the future of the press, were the second group to be taken as the validity of the model. According to Morgan table, sample size of the first group was defined 40 out of 45. To validate the model, also it was used 40 superiors in the press field by a purposeful method. In the qualitative part, statistical population consisted of upstream documents, the text of speeches, interviews and statements by Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei. Collecting information was done with two self-made questionnaires. After studying the whole existingThe aim of this study is to present an optimum model of management for the press in Islamic basis, the history of challenges of the press in the world and in Iran, a list of weaknesses and strengths, threats and opportunities were provided. Accordingly, questionnaire A was developed in order to evaluate the present situation. The questionnaire B which has comprised the principles of the press management was formed by the heads of this field to determine the scale of the suggested model, theoretical framework, assessing the current situation (weaknesses and strengths of the press management, the strengths, opportunities and threats of the press in Iran), performing process and strategies. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the  content validity ,   the supervisors and counselor’s comments ,  some authors in the media and the press field after small modifications and also reviewing theoretical basis and the history of the research was found out according to these experts’ comments, necessary changes were taken in the questionnaire form. To define the reliability of tools, the questionnaires were experimented on 20 people from the statistical population and their reliability was worked out by using Cranach's alpha coefficient which evaluates current situation questionnaire and validation of questionnaire achieved 93.0 and 87.0 respectively. The outcomes were analyzed by using open axial coding, descriptive and inferential statistics (e.g. t- test, K-S). The results of the present study showed 9 macro policies in Imam Khomeini’s view and 13 in Ayatollah Khamenei’s  which view were determined by investigating documents, discussions, Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei’s speeches. The most important strengths of the press situation in Iran respectively are increased in media literacy level, the great history of Islamic-Iranian civilization, continuous public acclaim to the press, decrease in monopoly of cultural production (press), rise in the number of the press experts and the increase of influence coefficient of the Internet in Iran. The most crucial weaknesses of this field in Iran respectively are direct government interference, the weakness of ownership rule, the weakness of morality in media, lack of independence in economy and centralizing management in this field. The most important opportunities in Iran’s press situation have been increased fast in social networks, electronic media development, the expansion of informative and communicative fundamentals and development of studies in the media field especially for postgraduate. The most crucial threats in Iran’s press status haven't serious presentation of Iran’s press at international levels, not much acceptability of international press; defective mastering of international languages and economic problems resulted from sanction and cultural invasion. The Presented model has been confirmed by the experts (p Manuscript profile