Abstract The main mission of the comparative literature is to describe the trajectory of relations among world nations and to emphasize and develop intellectual, literary and cultural exchanges. The potential and literary capacity of Shahnameh is comparable with any epi More
Abstract The main mission of the comparative literature is to describe the trajectory of relations among world nations and to emphasize and develop intellectual, literary and cultural exchanges. The potential and literary capacity of Shahnameh is comparable with any epic work. Therefore, in Shahnameh, Ferdowsi's great work that is a national and natural epic is comparable with Virjil’s work, Enne Eed, that is the paramount example of the artifact classic. Thus, this article aims to the comparison and study of the aspects of differentiation and sharing between the pivotal and epic characters of these two valuable works.
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In general, there were about twenty women who played significant role in the Shahnameh, most of whom lived in the epic era. Among these women Tahmineh and Gordafarid could be mentioned since both were effective in the story of Rostam and Sohrab. This study was purposed More
In general, there were about twenty women who played significant role in the Shahnameh, most of whom lived in the epic era. Among these women Tahmineh and Gordafarid could be mentioned since both were effective in the story of Rostam and Sohrab. This study was purposed to analyze these two characters, from the perspective of the Karen Horney and Sigmund Freud psychological approach. The findings of this research suggested that Tahmineh based on Horney's approach through extreme effort tried to overcome the need for safety and the basic anxiety by possessing Rastam as strong life partner. After Rostam death she retried to satisfy such needs by replacing Sohrab instead of Rostam. But with the death of Sohrab not only did not escape from her situation, but due to her failure to pass the stages of grief ultimately would faced early death. Gordafarid also seemed to be, according to Freud, her Electra complex caused incomplete formation of the superego, as a result of the use of simulation defense mechanism and women revenge against men trying to protest and overcome against male supremacy and to prove woman superioty. More importantly, she by fleeing the male chauvinist look against women tried to escape from their femininity, even though the price was the negation of the basic feminine features. However, at the end of a return to his true character (using the female characteristics) was more successful in battle.
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Due to the presence of human, literary works can be studied and criticized from the psychological aspect. In fact, these works are the good subject for these researches. Some works show an image of a self-actualized man. Some works show an image of a human being who has More
Due to the presence of human, literary works can be studied and criticized from the psychological aspect. In fact, these works are the good subject for these researches. Some works show an image of a self-actualized man. Some works show an image of a human being who has achieved self-actualization. Humanitarianism is one of the influential streams of thought in psychology in which man and his achievement of self-actualization are important topics. Maslow, as one of the pioneers of Humanitarianism, presents a model in which basic human needs are classified into five levels. This model can be studied in some works such as Shahnameh which has a human-oriented nature. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and its main purpose is, the study of love in the personalities of Tahmineh and Soudabeh based on Abraham Maslow's theory, which can be a good example in the study of other characters, to identify self-actualized man. Hence, these two characters are studied according to the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. By studying these two characters, we can say, Tahmineh is a woman who has achieved self- actualization and Soudabeh has failed in this case. In addition this study show the reasons of Tahmineh's success and the reasons of Soudabeh's defeat. The results of this study show that how much epic-national characters have achieved human intellectual growth and how much they correspond to the developed human characters in psychology. Among the characters of Shahnameh, Tahmineh is one of the lovers of epic-lyrical stories and one can see the characteristics of self-actualized person in her behavior. Love, which is the common theme of this lyrical story and Maslow's theory, causes tahmineh achieve self-actualization. The opposite point of Tahmineh is Soodabeh. Studying Soudabeh personality shows her failure to meet her needs and not to go beyond its lowest levels.
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