List of Articles TDS

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  1 - Application of Hybrid Model of Artificial Neural Networks and Firefly Algorithm to Predict the Amount of TDS in River Water
  Farahnaz Sabzevari Behrouz Yaghoubi Saeid Shabanlou
  10.30495/wsrcj.2023.71849.11356
  Background and Aim: Estimation and forecasting of qualitative parameters along with quantitative parameters of water alongside the river to make correct managerial decisions is one of the objectives of managers and planners of the water industry should be accurately sim More

  Background and Aim: Estimation and forecasting of qualitative parameters along with quantitative parameters of water alongside the river to make correct managerial decisions is one of the objectives of managers and planners of the water industry should be accurately simulated. Most of the models for qualitative parameter estimations require very large input parameters that are either difficult to access or require much time and money to determine. Therefore, the use of data-driven models in this field has been developed to save time and money.Method: In this paper, the application of artificial neural networks and its combination with the firefly algorithm to predict the amount of Total dissolved solids (TDS) of water in the Gavehrood River located in Iran, Kermanshah has been trained and validated. with this purpose, water quality data of hydrometric station upstream of the Gavoshan reservoir dam are used for the statistical period (1991-2010). Based on different inputs, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network and its combination with the firefly algorithm are tested. The best algorithm of the inputs, the number of hidden layers and the number of neurons in each layer in the artificial neural network are determined. The input data imported to the models include the flow rate (Q), Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Sulfate (So4), Chloride (Cl), Bicarbonate (Ho3), Electrical conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solides of the river in the previous period (TDSt-1) and the output data of TDS. The number of hidden layers is obtained to be 1 and the number of hidden layer neurons is achieved to be 9. Also, the neural network function in this study is considered as a waterfall type and the results are compared by combining artificial neural networks with the firefly algorithm. The model outputs are compared with measurement data using the error measurement criteria.Results: In this regard, the values of the used error evaluation indices including the observed standard deviation (RSR), Nash Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC), correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error (MSE) for artificial neural network are yielded 0.154, 0.976, 0.989 and 25.27, respectively and in the case of the neural network combination with the firefly algorithm, are achieved to be 0.129, 0.983, 0.992 and 17.8, respectively.Conclusion: Therefore, the performance of the hybrid method of artificial neural networks by using the firefly algorithm in predicting TDS is more appropriate than artificial neural networks. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Multi-objective planning in order to manage the quantitative and qualitative effects of optimal utilization of groundwater resources in Shahriar plain
  Nima Salehi shafa Hossein Babazadeh Fayaz Aghayari Ali Saremi
  10.30495/jest.2022.63568.5523
  Background and Objective: Development of agriculture, industry and population growth, the exploitation of groundwater resources has increased and has affected its quality. In order to prevent the occurrence of quantitative and qualitative problems of aquifers, managemen More

  Background and Objective: Development of agriculture, industry and population growth, the exploitation of groundwater resources has increased and has affected its quality. In order to prevent the occurrence of quantitative and qualitative problems of aquifers, management of optimal operation of groundwater resources is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the optimal utilization of groundwater resources and to investigate its quantitative and qualitative effects on the Shahriar plain aquifer. Material and Methodology: Groundwater level changes and its quality from the perspective of index (TDS) in Shahriar plain aquifer have been simulated by ANN. Then (TDS) of groundwater has estimated by regression. Finally, the multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was used for optimal utilization of groundwater resources and with the aim of minimizing groundwater level changes and total dissolved solids of groundwater. Findings: According to the results of the study, the evaluation criteria (RMSE) in three modes of training, testing and validation for groundwater level changes are equal to 1.27e-06, 0.0025 and 0.003, respectively, and for total dissolved solids of groundwater was calculated to be 0.24, 27.64 and 14.608 and the correlation coefficient (R) at the level (0.05) in three situations was significant for both variables. Also, during the study period, the volume of optimal withdrawal from the aquifer has decreased by 29.12 percent and the optimal amount (TDS) of groundwater on average, 120.87 Mg./l, has been calculated less than the estimate of artificial neural network. And Groundwater level has also increased by an average of 9.27 meters per year. Discussion and Conclusion: The results confirm that the proposed simulation-optimization method as an application tool with good performance, low cost and desirable speed can support several effective factors simultaneous with optimal operation policy. It also reduces the quantitative and qualitative problems of the aquifer and cause increases the stability of the groundwater system.   Manuscript profile
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  3 - Modeling and sensitivity analysis of water quality in Meymeh reservoir using CE-QUAL-W2 Software
  nima heidarzadeh nasim Neysari tabrizi
  10.22034/jest.2019.9328
  Background and Objective: Water quality of lakes and reservoirs is affected by many factors. Precipitation, inflow and outflow, inlet water quality and water abstraction level are the most important ones. Informing about the magnitude of the factors can help us to choos More

  Background and Objective: Water quality of lakes and reservoirs is affected by many factors. Precipitation, inflow and outflow, inlet water quality and water abstraction level are the most important ones. Informing about the magnitude of the factors can help us to choose the best abstraction level and water quality management in different periods of a year, efficiently. Method: In this study, water quality of the Meymeh reservoir, an under-construction dam, was evaluated by modeling of TDS using the 2-dimensional CE-QUAL-W2 software with available data, for a 5-year period. Findings: The modeling results show that the amount of outflow TDS in all five years has exceeded the FAO permissible level for irrigation. Also, in order to evaluate the impacts of several factors on outflow TDS and choose the suitable solution to improve the quality of water, a sensitively analysis was performed. Discussion and Counclution: The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the quality of inflow water is the most effective factor on the outflow water quality, so that a 20% change in inflow TDS causes 18-20% change in outflow TDS and the other factors such as temperature, initial values of TDS in reservoir, wind sheltering coefficients (WSC), eddy viscosity and the diffusivity coefficient (AX, DX) do not have significant impacts.    Manuscript profile
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  4 - Study on Quantity and Quality of Hospital Wastewater in Tehran City in 1385
  Akbar Mokhtari Azar Amir Hesam Hassani Mohammad Reza Khani
  Introduction: Different types of sewage including hospital sewage are important especially from health point of view because of pathogenic organisms due to sewage and other risk factors. Method: In this research, the quantity and quality of hospitals’ sewages in selecte More

  Introduction: Different types of sewage including hospital sewage are important especially from health point of view because of pathogenic organisms due to sewage and other risk factors. Method: In this research, the quantity and quality of hospitals’ sewages in selected Tehran hospitals are studied. 14 similar with same basis hospitals are selected, general, specialized and highly specialized hospitals and sanatoriums. from each selected centre, two series of sampling under the form of instantly and mixed forms are taken and qualitative parameters such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), potential of Hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solid (TSS), and total dissolved solid (TDS) were studied. Results: This research results show that average of BOD5 ,COD ,TSS ,TDS ,pH and EC in mix sampling of refined sewage were 42, 86, 54, 768, 7.1, 768 mg/lit and in mix sampling of non-refined sewage was 320, 507, 380, 743, 6.97 and 561 mg/lit accordingly. Minimum and maximum of BOD5 in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 25 and 68, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 281 and 381. Minimum and maximum of COD in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 37 and 113, and for non-refined sewage equal was 419 and 687. Minimum and maximum of TSS in mix sampling for refined sewage equal was 28 and 82, and for non-refined sewage equal 300 and 1309. Minimum and maximum of TDS in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 626 and 857, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 469 and 695. Minimum and maximum of pH in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 6.5 and 7.8, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 5.9 and 7.8. Minimum and maximum of EC in mix sampling for refined sewage was equal to 398 and 1483, and for non-refined sewage was equal to 481 and 928. In this side average hospital sewages flow in unit research for small hospitals with maximum 400 beds, is calculated 1300 lit/bed/day (l/b/d) and for great hospital with up to1000 beds, is calculated 750 l/b/d. Findings of this research showed, that changes of BOD5 rate with number of hospital section have direct relation and quantities of qualitative parameters in hospital sewage with a little increase is approximately equivalent of those rate in urban sewage. Moreover, findings of research of instant sampling in comparison with mix sampling showed credit and recommendation to use mix sampling. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Quality assessment of output effluents of some pollutant industries in Bandar Abbas
  Tayyebe Ramezani Fateme Rastmanesh
  In order to quality assessment of some pollutant industrials in Bandar Abbas, 16 effluent samples were collectedfrom important industrial units. Lead, cadmium, copper, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Vanadium and Nickelwere chosen as representative trace metals whose levels More

  In order to quality assessment of some pollutant industrials in Bandar Abbas, 16 effluent samples were collectedfrom important industrial units. Lead, cadmium, copper, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Vanadium and Nickelwere chosen as representative trace metals whose levels in the environment represent a reliable index ofenvironmental pollution. Some discharged effluents to the environment show V, As and Hg pollution probablyrelated to fossil fuel consumptions. Also, effluents used for irrigation of landscapes indicate high TDS constantand so are unsuitable for this purpose. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Trend Changes Analysis of the Water Quality in the Talar River Watershed Using the Man-Kendall (MK) Test
  zahra sohrabizadeh Ehsan Sharifi Moghadam Mohammad Ali Hakimzadeh
  One of the most important subjects in hydrology science is the water quality of the rivers, because of major hydrology activities for water supply in agriculture, drinking and, industry. The water quality index is one of the most widely used indicators for the classific More

  One of the most important subjects in hydrology science is the water quality of the rivers, because of major hydrology activities for water supply in agriculture, drinking and, industry. The water quality index is one of the most widely used indicators for the classification of surface water quality. Therefore, the present study has been the analysis of long-term changes in the Talar Watershed using indicators of Na, SO4, and TDS and also the trend of these indices using non-parametric Man-Kendall test. Three stations with statistics were selected at the Talar watershed during the period from 1348 to 1392 and applied the Man-Kendall test on their annual and seasonal data. The results of this study indicate a significant uptrend in annual and seasonal Na and TDS amounts, but the SO4 trend has been a significant uptrend only in the annual and the spring data and in other seasons it has been non-significant uptrend at a 95% confidence level. The quality of water samples according to the Schoeller diagram is optimal for Na and SO4 indices and to the extent permitted for the TDS index.The cause of water pollution in the Talar river and the additive and the upward trend of these indicators may be due to increased human intervention and agricultural around the river, as well as the entry of domestic and industrial wastewater to the river which will make the river ecosystem be at risk and destroyed. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Validation of EC and TDS prediction model efficiency in Maroun River (case study: Behbahan station)
  Davoud Khodadadi Dehkordi
  Maroon River is one of the tributaries of Jarahi River and one of the important rivers of Khuzestan province. The importance of quality studies of Maroon River is clear from the fact that this river provides water for cities, villages and thousands of hectares of agricu More

  Maroon River is one of the tributaries of Jarahi River and one of the important rivers of Khuzestan province. The importance of quality studies of Maroon River is clear from the fact that this river provides water for cities, villages and thousands of hectares of agricultural lands and industrial factories and finally leads to Shadegan Wetland. Attention and importance to this river is one of the requirements for sustainable development and water quality study of this river is of special importance. Water quality is determined by some physical, chemical and biological characteristics. In this study, the models of the relationship between the two parameters of electrical conductivity (EC) and total soluble solids (TDS) during the years 1346 to 88 fit and the amount of TDS in the future is estimated and finally the validity of this prediction is calculated. The results show that in a sampling period from 1346 to 1388 in Behbahan station, the best fitting model between TDS and EC in this station is the exponential model with a correlation coefficient of 0.913. Having the EC value during the years 1389 to 1392, the amount of TDS in this period was estimated and to select the best model, the amount of EF (model efficiency) was calculated for 4 models and it was found that the exponential model with an efficiency of 99.72% is appropriate. The most common model for estimating the amount of TDS is linear, power and logarithmic models in the next priority ranks in Behbahan station. Manuscript profile
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  8 - تاثیر خشکسالی بر کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت ابهر
  شوکت مقیمی همایون مقیمی ام سلمه بابایی
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