Systemic Risk

Open Access Article

1 - Analyzing the systemic risk of banking industry by using EMD and GRA based on the dynamic complex network approach.
ali NAMAKI Hadis Khalili

Nowadays, the complexity and entanglement of financial markets are under the influence of various variables and problems which classical financial sciences are generally unable to solve. This has motivated new approaches in financial sciences like dynamic complex netwo More

Nowadays, the complexity and entanglement of financial markets are under the influence of various variables and problems which classical financial sciences are generally unable to solve. This has motivated new approaches in financial sciences like dynamic complex networks. The current research has used the dynamic complex network approach, empirical mode decomposition, and grey relational analysis to investigate the systemic risk of Iran's capital market banks from the beginning of 2015 to the march 2021. For this purpose, first, by building a sliding window, it has calculated the correlation coefficient of stock and then the index of the complex network. Using the results of empirical mode decomposition and grey relational analysis through Engel - Granger causality statistical test,, showed a close and long-term relationship between stock market fluctuations and systemic risk. Any momentum is of a higher speed and intensity of propagation due to the bank-oriented nature of the country's economy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A framework for measuring and predicting system risk with the conditional value at risk approach
Ja'far Baba Jani M. Taghi Taghavi Fard Amin Ghazali

In recent years with the increasing integration and innovation in financial markets, concerns about the overall stability of the financial system has increased and the concept of systemic risk has become more important. systemic risk is the risk imposed by interlinkages More

In recent years with the increasing integration and innovation in financial markets, concerns about the overall stability of the financial system has increased and the concept of systemic risk has become more important. systemic risk is the risk imposed by interlinkages and interdependencies in a system or market, where the failure of a single entity or cluster of entities can cause a crisis in the entire system or market. In this study, we presented a framework for measuring and predicting systemic risk in the capital market of Iran using conditional value at risk approach (CoVaR). On this basis, ΔCoVaR as a measure of systematic risk using quintile regression based on a set of state variables that indicates changes in the distribution of asset returns has been estimated. As well as to enhance the accuracy of the estimate, the research variables modeled after the conditional autoregressive value at risk model (CAViaR) has been developed and some Lagged firm specific characteristic has also been added. In order to test the validity of the model back testing methods have been used. On the other hand, The potential for systemic risk increases when volatility decreases (volatility paradox). In this study, we try to predict systemic risk by take advantage of the panel structure of the data and the relationship between ΔCoVaR and firm-specific variables that are available in certain sections. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Systemic risk transmission in Iranian financial markets
Sara Vahabzadeh Mirfeiz Fallah Shams Layalestani Mehdi Madanchi Zaj amir reza keyghobadi

The present article is to investigate the contagiousness of systemic risk in Iranian financial markets. In recent years, markets, i Due to the fact that information is not evenly distributed among the players in the market, this asymmetry causes the transmission and tra More

The present article is to investigate the contagiousness of systemic risk in Iranian financial markets. In recent years, markets, i Due to the fact that information is not evenly distributed among the players in the market, this asymmetry causes the transmission and transmission of shock from one market to another In this dissertation, simultaneous multi Garch models and co-variance changes are used, method for identifying seriality and its effects in institutions.each other in the event of various internal and external shocks and creating financial stability, it is necessary to examine the contagiousness of risk between markets.In general, it can be said that the relationship between financial markets can be considered as a strength and can also be explained as the possibility of crisis transmission or systemic riskThe purpose of this study was to investigate the contagiousness of systemic risk in Iranian financial marketsThe variables studied in this study included internal and external shocksexchange rates, oil pricesand information about them during the years 98-97 from the stock exchanges and securities in the target markets and the financial system of the largest oil holding company, Was collected. the variables were calculated and processed using Excel software, and then Ives software was used for statistical analysis of the obtained information and achieving a reliable result.Friedman test, the country's capital market sector with an average rank of 2.9 has the highest share of systemic risk and the banking system with an average rank of 1.8 has the lowest share of systemic risk Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Measuring systemic risk and the effect of fundamental variables on it in the country's banking system
leila barati Mirfaiz Falah Shams Farhad Ghafari Alireza Heidarzadeh Hanzaei

The purpose of this article was to measure systemic risk and the impact of fundamental variables on it in the country's banking system. In this regard, information from the period of 2010-2019 was used. In the first part, systemic risk indicators were estimated, then th More

The purpose of this article was to measure systemic risk and the impact of fundamental variables on it in the country's banking system. In this regard, information from the period of 2010-2019 was used. In the first part, systemic risk indicators were estimated, then the impact of the fundamental variables of the country's banking system and financial stability was evaluated. In order to estimate the model, the final expected deficit method (MES) and panel data were used. The systemic risk index in this research is obtained from the calculation of the degree of leverage (debt size), market size and expected final deficit (MES) in order to finally be able to model the factors affecting it.In this research, first of all, different types of systemic risk assessment models have been evaluated according to the forecast error, and then, with the better selected model, the relationship between systemic risk and the important ratios of the country's banking system has been evaluated. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between independent variables such as inflation rate, external debt, government debt, liquidity growth, non-current facility rate, debt ratio and the ratio of book value of equity to market value, and independent variables such as profitability There is a significant negative relationship between the total index of the stock exchange, the growth rate of GDP and return on assets with the systemic risk index among the country's banking system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Investigating the effect of risk and competitiveness indicators of banks on systemic risk with the marginal expected shortfall (MES) approach using the GMM model
meysam fadaee vahed mohammad Ali Dehghan Dehnavi ali divandari meysam amiry

Systemic risk has been considered as one of the new concepts in the field of finance since 2008 and this risk is more considered in the banking industry due to the close relationship between banks in their daily operations. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting t More

Systemic risk has been considered as one of the new concepts in the field of finance since 2008 and this risk is more considered in the banking industry due to the close relationship between banks in their daily operations. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting this risk in the banking industry is the main purpose of this study. In this study, the relationship between macroeconomic indicators (interest rate, economic growth rate and inflation), risk (liquidity and default risk) and competitiveness (Herfindahl-Hirschman index and asset size) using banks' data from 2009 to date and with The GMM data panel method was tested.The results of modeling show that there is a significant and direct relationship between default risk index (credit) and systemic risk of the banking industry. Also, in all competition indicators, including Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the size of banks, there is a direct relationship, and in macroeconomic indicators, the relationship between interest rates and inflation with the systemic risk of banks is direct and significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Systemic risk assessment models: a better approach in Iranian financial institutions
majid noroozi Hamid Reza Kordlouei Reza gholamijamkarani hossein Jahangirnia

ریسک سیستمیک به خطر شکست سیستم مالی یا شکست کل بازار اطلاق می‌شود. این ریسک می‌تواند از بی‌ثباتی یا بحران در مؤسسات مالی نشأت بگیرد و در اثر سرایت به کل نظام مالی انتقال یابد. به‌عبارتی ریسک سیستمیک به میزان به‌ هم‌پیوستگی در یک سیستم مالی اشاره دارد جایی‌که شکست در یک More

ریسک سیستمیک به خطر شکست سیستم مالی یا شکست کل بازار اطلاق می‌شود. این ریسک می‌تواند از بی‌ثباتی یا بحران در مؤسسات مالی نشأت بگیرد و در اثر سرایت به کل نظام مالی انتقال یابد. به‌عبارتی ریسک سیستمیک به میزان به‌ هم‌پیوستگی در یک سیستم مالی اشاره دارد جایی‌که شکست در یک نهاد مالی می‌تواند به بحران کل سیستم منجر شود. این تحقیق با توجه به رویکردهای مختلف جهت اندازه&rlm;گیری ریسک سیستمیک به دنبال انتخاب رویکرد بهتر برای اندازه&rlm;گیری ریسک سیستمیک است. انتخاب رویکرد بهتر با توجه به خطای پیش&rlm;بینی ارائه شده توسط هریک از مدل&rlm;ها است. مدل‌های به کار گرفته شده اعم از مدل&rlm;های گارچی چند متغیره، مدل ارائه شده توسط برانلس و انگل به نام VCT، مدل&rlm;های عاملی&rlm;، مدل&rlm;های آماری دومتغیره است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می&rlm;دهد که مدل پیشنهادی برانلس و انگل (VCT) خطای کمتری را نسبت به سایر مدل&rlm;ها از خود نشان داده است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Investigating the factors affecting the determination of deposit insurance premiums among Iranian banks listed on the Iranian stock exchange and OTC
Mohammadreza Aghamohammad semsar Saeed fallahpor saeed shirkavand Ali Forosh Bastani

Bank deposits are a very important resource for banks, which, if accompanied by weak investments or fuel facilities, will cause many problems for financial institutions. One way to combat the burning of deposits is to insure them. The present study seeks to provide a mo More

Bank deposits are a very important resource for banks, which, if accompanied by weak investments or fuel facilities, will cause many problems for financial institutions. One way to combat the burning of deposits is to insure them. The present study seeks to provide a model that can measure the risk of the banking industry in proportion to the price of premiums. And it uses risk-based modeling. This modeling uses multivariate GARCH models, which can lead to more accurate pricing of deposit premiums. To determine the factors affecting premiums and determine their relationship, the information of active banks of Tehran Stock Exchange between 1393 and 1397 has been used. Using Blacksholes, Merton Blacksholes, Merton Blacksholes models with systematic risk and Merton Blacksholes models using multivariate GARCH modeling, premium pricing has been done. According to the results obtained from the estimation of regression equations, it was found that the premium received by the Deposit Guarantee Fund was not due to the systemic risk of the banking network and it seems better that the value of the deposit premium is considered considering the risk. Be banking. In this regard, and according to the estimated models, the systemic risk of the banking network better considers the calculated value of the premium by considering the multivariate Garchi model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Investigating the effect of risk and competitiveness indicators of the banking industry on the index of economic growth and consumer inflation in iran’s economy
meysam fadaee vahed mohammad Ali Dehghan Dehnavi ali divandari meysam amiry

In recent years, the country's economy has faced a major challenge in the index of economic growth and inflation, and several factors have contributed to this challenge. Many theorists believe that banks and their risks have contributed significantly to these economic f More

In recent years, the country's economy has faced a major challenge in the index of economic growth and inflation, and several factors have contributed to this challenge. Many theorists believe that banks and their risks have contributed significantly to these economic fluctuations. This study seeks to find an answer to the relationship between economic growth, inflation and risk and competitive banking indicators using the GMM model and quarterly data from the country's banks since 2007.The results show that there is a significant relationship between economic growth and systemic risk indicators and Herfindahl-Hirschman. With the increase in systemic risk of the banking sector and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the country's economic growth index has decreased; Therefore, it can be concluded that controlling and reducing the systemic risk of the banking network is very important to increase economic growth. On the other hand, banks' competition in the country's economy is not useful and effective for economic growth and destructive competition dominates the country's banking network. Regarding inflation, the relationship between the competitiveness of the banking industry and inflation is positive and one of the inflationary factors in the country's economy is the competition of banks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Effects of Liquidity Creation on Systemic Risk: by Concentration on Banks Balance Sheet Structure
somaye sadeghi

10.30495/eco.2023.1983098.2740

This study investigates the determinants factors of systemic risk in Iranian banks during 2013-2022. The contribution is on banks liquidity creation and their balance sheet structure. For this purpose, the systemic risk of banks has been estimated and ranked by marginal More

This study investigates the determinants factors of systemic risk in Iranian banks during 2013-2022. The contribution is on banks liquidity creation and their balance sheet structure. For this purpose, the systemic risk of banks has been estimated and ranked by marginal expected shortfall (MES) index, using dynamic multi-garch models. The results by using Panel GMM method indicate that an increase in the balance sheet liquidity creation causes the vulnerability of banks to increase. Also, the liquidity creation on the side of assets (holding non-cash assets) significantly increases the systemic risk for banks, while which on the side of debts (holding of demand deposits) reduces the banks systemic risk and their fragility. In addition, the findings indicate that the bigger the size, the more non-traditional activities (non-interest income) and the higher the ratio of non-performance loans, the higher systemic risk in banks. while the higher capital adequacy in banks, the lower the systemic risk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Analyzing and measuring the systemic risk between cryptocurrencies and real currencies using the value-at-risk and the marginal expected shortfall
Zohre Rahimi Gholamreza Zomorodian Azita Jahanshad Mehdi Madanchizaj

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and measure the systemic risk between the cryptocurrency and real currencies using the conditional risk exposure value approach and the expected marginal loss. In this study, statistical data of real and virtual currencies during More

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and measure the systemic risk between the cryptocurrency and real currencies using the conditional risk exposure value approach and the expected marginal loss. In this study, statistical data of real and virtual currencies during the years 2015-2021 have been used. For this purpose, systemic risk indices have been calculated using CoVaR and MES indices and then the correlation between systemic risk of currencies has been evaluated. In this study, the statistical data of the currencies of the exchange rate of the pound to the dollar, the exchange rate of the yuan to the dollar, the exchange rate of the lira to the dollar, the exchange rate of the euro to the dollar, bitcoin, atrium, ripple, litcoin and atrium based on daily price returns Currencies and real currencies were used. The results showed that there was a correlation between systemic risk indicators for the studied currencies and virtual currencies had a lower systemic risk index than real currencies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and measure the systemic risk between the cryptocurrency and real currencies using the conditional risk exposure value approach and the expected marginal loss. In this study, statistical data of real and virtual currencies during the years 2015-2021 have been used. For this purpose, systemic risk indices have been calculated using CoVaR and MES indices and then the correlation between systemic risk of currencies has been evaluated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Investigating implementation of fintech technologies and systemic risks in the banking network
rahman rahimi fatemeh sarraf mahbobeh jafari bijan safavi

Fintech affects banks' risk management, and banks tend to improve the level of Fintech in their financial system by increasing risks; Liquidity, credit and systemic risks are the most important risks identified in the banking industry, but what causes the collapse of th More

Fintech affects banks' risk management, and banks tend to improve the level of Fintech in their financial system by increasing risks; Liquidity, credit and systemic risks are the most important risks identified in the banking industry, but what causes the collapse of the entire banking system; Systemic risk is caused by the nature of the spread of this risk from one bank to other banks. Systemic risk occurs when the instability of one financial institution spreads to others, potentially causing a domino effect that can lead to broader economic effects. Identifying systemic risk is very important for monetary and financial supervisory organizations. The deployment and development of fintech has significantly affected banking systems. Increased systemic risk can hinder support for sustainable global development, especially in emerging economies. There are several indicators to calculate this risk; Among these indicators, we can refer to conditional value at risk (CoVaR), TENET (developed CoVaR model), final expected deficit (MES), systemic expected deficit (SES), systemic risk (SRISK), epidemic models (SIR). The results of the conducted research indicate the high level of systemic risk in Iran; Also, according to research, the amount of this risk is higher in state banks than in private banks. It should be noted that all three categories of intra-company, extra-company variables and diversification of bank income and assets (bank portfolio management) have a significant effect on systemic risk; This indicates the complexity of the dimensions of the formation of this type of risk. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Systemic Risk Contagion Mechanism in Iran Financial System: Money and Capital Markets
Vahid Mirzaei Badizi Ali Souri Mehdi Naji Nafisa Baharadmehr

10.30495/fed.2023.700118

Abstract In this paper, using an agent-based model, the behavior of commercial banks and investment funds is simulated. We have tried to show systemic risk transmission mechanism from the money market to the capital market through balance sheet changes. In this model, More

Abstract In this paper, using an agent-based model, the behavior of commercial banks and investment funds is simulated. We have tried to show systemic risk transmission mechanism from the money market to the capital market through balance sheet changes. In this model, the money and capital markets are endogenously modeled and the price is determined by interest rate and stock market index in these markets respectively. 81 percent of Iranian commercial banks have a mixed portfolio of interbank loans and securities and can spread the crisis throughout the financial system in case of a shock. This process happens through the fire sale mechanism and investment fund unit redemption and can make stocks undervalued in the capital market. Although higher imposed capital adequacy and liquid assets rate can reduce the shock effect on price in the capital market, these high rates make banks portfolios mixed and increases systemic risk. Optimal capital adequacy rate is estimated 19 percent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The pervasive risk of the financial crisis in the Iranian banking system with the ARFIMA-FIGARCH-Delta CoVaR approach and the expected marginal Shortfall
leila barati mirfeiz falahshams farhad ghafari Alireza Heidarzadehhanzaee

Systemic risk refers to the risk of failure of the financial system or failure of the entire market. This risk can arise from instability or crisis in financial institutions and can be transmitted to the entire financial system as a result of transmission. The purpose o More

Systemic risk refers to the risk of failure of the financial system or failure of the entire market. This risk can arise from instability or crisis in financial institutions and can be transmitted to the entire financial system as a result of transmission. The purpose of this paper was to assess the pervasive risk of a financial crisis in the Iranian banking system. In this study, statistical information of banks during the years 1392-1397 has been used. In the first part, the comprehensive risk indicators of the financial crisis are calculated using the Delta CoVaR index, then the risk susceptibility is assessed using the ARFIMA-FIGARCH method. In the first step, the unit root test indicates the existence of a deficit root in the bank stock price index. Comprehensive risk indicators are then calculated and systemic risk transmission modeling is discussed. The results of the model indicated that the systemic risk situation in the country's banking system was abnormal, which was due to the leverage situation of the country's banks. Using the results of this study, it can also be stated that different financial sectors are required to consider sufficient capital for systemic Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Measuring the severity size and direction of fluctuations or exchange rate shocks in the money, capital and insurance markets
Sara Vahabzadeh Mir Feiz Fallah Amirreza Keyghobadi Mehdi Maadanchi

In the past years, financial markets have faced uncertainties such as financial crises, oil shocks, changes in currency policies and similar cases. The statistical population in the current research are financial intermediaries such as insurance, banks, active investmen More

In the past years, financial markets have faced uncertainties such as financial crises, oil shocks, changes in currency policies and similar cases. The statistical population in the current research are financial intermediaries such as insurance, banks, active investment companies (PGPIC) in the stock market on a daily basis in 1990-98. For the insurance market, by increasing one unit of its efficiency, the value at risk of the whole system decreases by 0.016. With the increase of one unit of its yield, the value at risk decreases by 0.051. With an increase of a unit or one percent of profit in the banking sector, the efficiency of the whole system increases by 0.0014. The results of estimating the value exposed to conditional differential risk indicate that the share of value exposed to conditional risk of capital is equal to 0.045, bank 0.026 and insurance 0.037, and the value exposed to conditional risk of capital and insurance sector is more and bank is less, and the share of value exposed to conditional risk of capital equals 0.045, bank 0.026 and insurance 0.037, which means the value exposed to conditional risk of capital and insurance sector is more and bank is less. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Financial Contagion Investigation of the Systemic Risk of Currency and Cryptocurrency in the Global Financial Markets (BEKK Approach)
Ali Baghban Reza Gholami Jamkarani Mir Feyz Fallah Hamidreza Kordlouie

The present study has investigated the contagious risk of turbulence.In this study, the contagious effect of real and virtual currency (Bitcoin) fluctuations has been measured. In this regard, the method of self-regression vector analysis (VAR) and the conditional autor More

The present study has investigated the contagious risk of turbulence.In this study, the contagious effect of real and virtual currency (Bitcoin) fluctuations has been measured. In this regard, the method of self-regression vector analysis (VAR) and the conditional autoregressive model on the heterogeneity of multivariate generalized variances (MGARCH) have been used.The data used in this study, including the exchange rate of the dollar based on the euro and the price of bitcoin in the period 01/2015 and 2020/01, were collected and examined by the generalized multivariate conditional variance heterogeneity (BEKK) method. The present study is based on the classification of research based on method, nature and direction, respectively descriptive survey, applied and post-event. The results of this study confirm the relationship between the volatility of real currency and virtual currency. In other words, the main hypothesis of the research on the contagion of virtual and real exchange rate fluctuations has been confirmed unilaterally from virtual exchange rate to real exchange rate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Modelling of appropriate pattern in order to forecast systemic liquidity risk of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran, by using multivariate GARCH models and Markov switching approach
Seied Hamid Reza Sadat Shekarab Fereydon Ohadi mohsen Seighaly Mirfaze Fallah

This research aims to model and present an appropriate pattern in order to forecast systemic liquidity risk of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran. For this purpose, 486 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange and OTC from 2011 to 2020 were sampled and then the More

This research aims to model and present an appropriate pattern in order to forecast systemic liquidity risk of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran. For this purpose, 486 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange and OTC from 2011 to 2020 were sampled and then the companies were divided into four groups (portfolios) according to combination of indicators and types of activites of companies. Then by using types of multivariate GARCH models and comparing them, finanlly the VAR(1)-DBEKK(1,2) was selected as an optimum pattern . The results of research showed significant relationships among of liquidity shocks and volatilities with all of subsections, and consequently the main hypothesis based on “presence of systemic liquidity risk of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran” was accepted. In a way that the portfolios of company stocks with a “low level of liquidity- industry section” and “low level of liquidity- financial section” respectively had maximum and minimum liquidity shocks transmission of effects on future returns of the other portfolios, as well as the portfolio with a “high level of liquidity- financial section” had maximum volatility persistence and liquidity risk transmission to other portfolios. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Using the Wavelet neural networks to determine and evaluate the effects of systematic risk on financial returns of stock
gholamreza zomorodian shahrzad kashanitabar fatemeh khaksariyan

This paper examines the relationship between stock returns and the systematic risk in the medium and long term time horizons and evaluates the effect amount of market fluctuations on the above relationship in nutrients and dairy companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exch More

This paper examines the relationship between stock returns and the systematic risk in the medium and long term time horizons and evaluates the effect amount of market fluctuations on the above relationship in nutrients and dairy companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the 2008 to 2013. In the financial market capital is one of the most important issues of the relationship between risk and returns, especially systematic risk; Because it is believed that stock returns is only a function of the systemic risk. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between risk and returns. Among these efforts, is a study that conducted by Sharp. He by introducing the model of (CAPM Capital Asset Pricing Model) assumed that there is a simple linear and positive relationship between systematic risk and exchange return. In order to testing the research hypothesis at first the research period based on the variance for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry index has been divided into two categories of high oscillation and low oscillation periods. Then information related to systematic risk and stock returns in the periods of high oscillation and low oscillation overlap by method of Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and by Daubechies  wavelet by using MATLAB software parse to smaller period of time, then regression analysis was used  in order to testing  research hypotheses. Results of testing hypotheses indicate  there is a significant relationship between systematic risk and returns in the high oscillation time period in the medium and long term time horizons. Also in time periods of low oscillation also in the medium-term time horizons there is a significant relationship between systematic risk and returns but meaningful relationship between risk and return is approved only in long-term time horizon for 182 days. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The evaluation of Systemic Risk in the Iran Banking System by Delta Conditional Value at Risk ( CoVaR) Criterion
asadollah farzinvash naser elahi javad gilanipour Ghadir Mahdavi

The Banking Crisis is previous decades caused the discussion of Systemic Risk in the financial market, including the Banks, has been taken into Consideration by Policy- makers. Based on this in this research using Delta Conditional Value at Risk (CoVaR), the Systemic ri More

The Banking Crisis is previous decades caused the discussion of Systemic Risk in the financial market, including the Banks, has been taken into Consideration by Policy- makers. Based on this in this research using Delta Conditional Value at Risk (CoVaR), the Systemic risk in Iran Banking Section has been evaluated. For this reason, seventeen banks out of all ones which have been listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and the equity of their Owners from 1389 to 1395 was available, have been chosen. The results Show that CoVaR for Khavarmianeh Bank Was the most (15.61) and for Sarmayeh Bank was the least (0.32). These results indicate that the crisis or disturbance in Khavarmianeh Bank more than the other Banks, affects the Financial System and Sarmayeh Bank has the least effect. In other words, any crisis in khavarmianeh Bank will give a rise of about 15.61 Percent to the Financial System risk, while the corresponded value for the Sarmayeh Bank is only 0.32 percent. Manuscript profile

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