List of Articles Sugar Concentration

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  1 - Recognizing psychological effects of natural elements on Iranian vernacular houses (case study: vernacular houses in Yazd)
  نفیسه افشاری بصیر Farah Habib Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani
  Given more than seven thousand years of urbanization and highly diverse topographic and geographical conditions, Iran is one of treasures through the world's architectural history. Climatic diversity, on one hand, and long history of living, on the other hand, has led t More

  Given more than seven thousand years of urbanization and highly diverse topographic and geographical conditions, Iran is one of treasures through the world's architectural history. Climatic diversity, on one hand, and long history of living, on the other hand, has led to noteworthy and valuable achievement in architecture and urbanization within this country. But these elements are less utilized in today architecture. In today’s world, excessive population growth of cities and on the other hand, development of cities without rules as well as industrialization regardless of people’s health and welfare in residential spaces make human societies face a crisis. While in recent years, appreciation of nature and its proximity to residential areas have been concerned in most of countries and a great attention has been paid to association between human-made space and its natural context. Attention to natural elements, particularly the nature formed within courtyards next to houses, can improve quality of life and make houses a better space for human growth and sublimity. In other words urban life, technological advances and excessive economical demands have extremely made people apart from the nature and formed their mind within an iterative mechanized order. However, human is a part of nature and his close relationship to the nature provides him survival and longevity. In Iranian houses, a space indicating relationship between human and nature is courtyard. Central courtyards within vernacular houses in Yazd provided inhabitants with terrific living conditions and enhanced their living quality by utilizing natural elements such as water, wind, light, and plants. Actually vernacular architecture represents a strong relationship between human and nature by smoothing the nature and using natural elements. In historical houses of Yazd, the house was not separated from nature and there should be some natural representatives inside spatial configuration of house. In vernacular houses, nature was always presented in terms of three appearances: primary, secondary and abstract form and the sky, soil, water, wind and different living figures such as domestic plants and pets all were available in terms of primary nature and they interacted to each other. But today, due to providing more houses regardless of their quality, not only natural elements are ignored in human life; but also in many cases, buildings do not have essential features of living. This study seeks to answer the question what could be the effect of nature on human perception, visual pleasure, comfort and human mental relaxation? This paper aims to investigate impacts of natural elements on vernacular houses in Yazd. A descriptive, analytic methodology along with a case study (vernacular houses in Yazd) were employed and data was collected through library and field research. The questionnaires analysis was performed with SPSS. Natural elements directly affect physical, sensual, and spiritual dimensions of human existence. Among all natural elements, water had the greatest influence on human’s sensual dimension; and also green space and vegetation had the most significant impact on human’s physical dimension (cooling and humidifying the air). Furthermore, light had the highest effect on human’s sensual dimension. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Optimization of Rheological Properties and Emulsion Stability of Mayonnaise Using Formulated Frozen Pasteurized Egg Yolk
  Sh. Fakhari B. Ghiassi Tarzi
  Introduction: The egg yolks have limited shelf life, therefore they are subjected to freezing or spray drying processes. Freezing and thawing can increase irreversible viscosity and reduce the solubility and can affect the emulsion characteristics. Materials and Method More

  Introduction: The egg yolks have limited shelf life, therefore they are subjected to freezing or spray drying processes. Freezing and thawing can increase irreversible viscosity and reduce the solubility and can affect the emulsion characteristics. Materials and Methods: Salt and sugar each alone and in combination with each other at the concentrations of 0, 5, and 10 percent were added to pasteurized egg yolks. The samples were divided into two categories including frozen storage temperature at -18ºC for 30 and 60 days and refrigeration temperature. Mayonnaises produced were tested 24 hours after preparation as a test sample at the moment of production and 3 months after preparation. The effect of sugar, salt and low storage temperature on egg yolks concerned with frozen and refrigerated forms in rheological properties and stability of mayonnaise were investigated and optimized by surface response methodology. Results: The percentage of salt on optimization was not affecting and sugar percentage at maximum concentration in every two categories of mayonnaise tested samples was selected as the optimized factor. Storage of egg yolk by freezing about 11 days for tested samples at the moment of production and about 26 days for the stored mayonnaise at 3 months, had the most desirability. Conclusion: Pasteurized liquid egg yolk using optimized sugar concentrations and optimized freezing storage time with the aim of increasing the shelf-life can be frozen and can improve the rheological properties and stability of mayonnaise than prepared mayonnaise with refrigerated and non-sugared yolk. Manuscript profile