Stratigraphic

Open Access Article

1 - Biostratigraphic Correlation of Elikah Formation in Zal Section (Northwestern Iran) with Ruteh and Type Sections in Alborz Mountains Based on Conodonts
Nazanin BadriKolalo Bahaeddin Hamidi Seyed Hamid Vaziri Seyed Ali Aghanabati

Conodonts are the most important fossil remains from the largest Phanerozoic extinction as well as the mass extinction of the late Paleozoic and could be used for exact dating during this period. Triassic deposits located in the Elikah Formation contain exposures in mos More

Conodonts are the most important fossil remains from the largest Phanerozoic extinction as well as the mass extinction of the late Paleozoic and could be used for exact dating during this period. Triassic deposits located in the Elikah Formation contain exposures in most of the Alborz sections as well as the Zal section in northwestern Iran. In this study, the Elikah Formation was investigated from a biostratigraphy point of view in the type section and Ruteh section of the Alborz Mountains and Zal section in the Jolfa region based on the existing conodonts. Biostratigraphy study of more than 300 samples taken from these three sections, resulted in the identification and introduction of the following conodont biozones: Taxone Range Zone Hindeodus parvus and Pachycladina symmetrica – Pachycladina Oblique Assemblage Zone in the type section, Hindeodus parvus Taxon Range Zone, Hadrodontina –Pachycladina Assemblage Zone and Parachirognathus – Furnishius Assemblage Zone in the Ruteh section and finally Hindeodus parvus Taxon Range Zone, Isracicella staeschei Taxon Range Zone and Arachirognathus – Furnishius Assemblage Zone in the Zal section. These biozones indicate that the Elikah Formation, in the three previously defined sections, is Early Triassic (Griesbachian). Additionally, comparison of the biozones in these sections illustrates a biostratigraphic correlation of Early Triassic deposits in the Zal, Ruteh and type sections. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Nomenclature Review of the Rock Units in the StratigraphicLexicon of Yemen
Hamed A. El-Nakhal Abdulwahab S. Alaug

The nomenclature. development of the Phanerozoic rock units mentioned in the stratigraphic lexicon of Yemen is revised. Forms violating the nomenclature rules are corrected in accordance with the nternational rules of the stratigraphic nomenclature. The concerned forms More

The nomenclature. development of the Phanerozoic rock units mentioned in the stratigraphic lexicon of Yemen is revised. Forms violating the nomenclature rules are corrected in accordance with the nternational rules of the stratigraphic nomenclature. The concerned forms are categorized as: informally introduced, dropped, named or re-named units, all of these categories are discussed in detail. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Relations between Deep and Shallow Stratigraphic Units of Northern Iraq during Cretaceous
Kamal H Karim Rabea K Al-Hamadani Sirwan H. Ahmad

The studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governor More

The studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governorates, the study tries to clarify the relations between deep and shallow stratigraphic units (formation or facies) during Cretaceous. The result of the present study is mainly depended on the field lateral tracing of the lithologic changes and paleontological evidences for indicating the new age termination of the units. The result showed as a generalized and simple model of temporal and special relations between Cretaceous deep and shallow water formations. The Balambo (Kazhdumi in Iran), Kometan (Ilam), Shiranish-Tanjero (Gurpi) Formations (as deep facies) are indicated as lateral equivalent of shallow facies of Qamchuqa (Sarvak and Dariyian), Bekhme (has not equivalent in Iran yet) and Aqra Formation (Seymare or Tarbur) respectively. On the model, the transition zone is indicated where the deep facies, from the east, change to shallow ones at the west. The shallow facies consist of coarse grain limestone with fossils skeletons, bioclasts and intraclasts. The deep facieses are fine grain pelagic limestone with microfossils (panktonic forams and nanofossils) whiles the transitional facies (zones) generally consist mixture of the two as interfigering relation between the deep and shallow facies. As the changes of the lithology of transitional zones are relatively sudden, therefore, they are not designated as formation and not defined previously. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Upper Cretaceous Petroleum System of Northwestern Persian Gulf
Ali Amirkhani Marziyeh Mirzakhanian Susan Sepahvand Sadoni Sadoni

Three well - known source rocks of the Zagros basin and the Persian Gulf are Mesozoic in age.The Jurassic Sargelu, Albian Kazhdumi and Neocomian-Coniacian Garau formations have charged the Cretaceous reservoirs of this area. The northwest part of the Persian Gulf is str More

Three well - known source rocks of the Zagros basin and the Persian Gulf are Mesozoic in age.The Jurassic Sargelu, Albian Kazhdumi and Neocomian-Coniacian Garau formations have charged the Cretaceous reservoirs of this area. The northwest part of the Persian Gulf is strongly influenced by two major N-S trending paleohighs (Hendijan- Bahregansar-Regesafid-Izeh and Kharge- Mish) and surrounding plaeotroughs that play the most important role in the reservoir and source rock development. The most important reservoirs are the Cenomanian- Turonian Sarvak and Santonian Ilam formations which locally separated by a thin shaly unit of the Coniacion Laffan Formation. The reservoir facies are dominated by benthic and rudist debris on the paleohighs which laterally grading down to the basinal Cenomanian Ahmadi and Santonian Gurpi pelagic marls. In order to study the petroleum system of the northwest Persian Gulf, several 2D seismic lines and six wells were interpreted. Based on the interpreted seismic profiles the best locations for the reservoir facies could be within the pinch-out geometries around the plaeohighs which occasionally sealed by the baisn-type Campanian- Maastrichtian Gurpi  marls at the top, Laffan shale at the middle and Albian Kazhdumi shale at the base as stratigraphic traps. A large hiatus exists between the top of the Cenomanian Sarvak Formation and Eocene Pabdeh Formation in the Tangue and Rage- Safid paleohighs, where these facies change could form stratigraphic traps. Toward the Nowrooz, Bahregansar Hendijan, structures, this hiatus is much shorter where Campanian- Maastrichtian Gurpi Formation directly has coverd the Sarvak Formation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The studies of microbiostratigraphic of Tarbur formation in South-East Shiraz areas
معصومه Azizi مسیح Afgheh

In this work, 2 astratigraphy sections of Tarbur Formation (including astratigraphy Darab section andastratigraphy Shesh-deh section) were investigated. Over 333 meters of sediments of this Formationand 328 thin sections are studied. The studies show that Tarbur Formati More

In this work, 2 astratigraphy sections of Tarbur Formation (including astratigraphy Darab section andastratigraphy Shesh-deh section) were investigated. Over 333 meters of sediments of this Formationand 328 thin sections are studied. The studies show that Tarbur Formation in Darab sections includes 2distinct parts of limestone thin bedded and thick bedded. Also, 3 distinct parts of limestone thinbedded, medium bedded and thick bedded in Shesh-deh section, were observed. In these sections, thefollowing index foraminifers were recognized:Orbitoides media, Omphalocyclus macroporus, Dicyclina schulumbergri, Dicyclina sp., Dictyoconellasp., Dicytoconella compalanta, Minoxia sp., Nezzazatinella sp., Rotalia sp., Rotalia skouransis,Antaliya korayi, Antalya sp., Broekinella sp., Lepidorbitoedes sp., Siderolites sp., Loftusia minor,Salpingoporella turgida, Salpingoporella dinarica, Vania anatolicaHence, Orbitoides media & Omphalocyclus macroporus Assemblage Zone were considered for Tarburlimestone formation.According to above mentions, we determined Maastrichtian- Paleocene age for Darab section andMaastrichtian age for Shesh-deh section. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Pseudo 3D seismic data interpretation and inversion on Field Ferdowsi
M.R Asghari Mohammad Mokhtari مهران Arian M.R Vanaki

The study has been done on "Ferdowsi" oil field located on Persian Gulf.Geological studies show that the north slope of the field has been situated along the Arabian shield in which itsstructure has been affected by the salt mass.Fahliyan formation is the main reservoir More

The study has been done on "Ferdowsi" oil field located on Persian Gulf.Geological studies show that the north slope of the field has been situated along the Arabian shield in which itsstructure has been affected by the salt mass.Fahliyan formation is the main reservoir in the field. In order to interpret seismic data, firstly by using sonic anddensity logs, synthetic wavelet was constructed and compared to pseudo 3D seismic data using software.Then formation tops were picked, time and depth maps were prepared.Acoustic Impedance pseudo 3D volumes were performed by preparing seismic Inversion.It is to note that seismic attributes help greatly to estimate reservoir properties of target formation and it is usefulin better identifying the reservoir and drilling wells with reduced cost impact.In addition, faults, stratigraphic features (such as channel) by seismic attributes were recognized in current studythat is important for development of the field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A stratigraphical correlation and the deposit environmental changes of the Ruteh formation in Alborz
Masoomeh Elyasi Rad Jafar Ghomi Oveyli

In order to study the stratigraphical correlation and environmental changes of the Ruteh Formation deposits inthe Alborz Region, four stratigraphical sections in the central Alborz Region (South of Nowshahr, Chalus, andAmol) and Eastern Alborz (Ghoznavi) were studied. L More

In order to study the stratigraphical correlation and environmental changes of the Ruteh Formation deposits inthe Alborz Region, four stratigraphical sections in the central Alborz Region (South of Nowshahr, Chalus, andAmol) and Eastern Alborz (Ghoznavi) were studied. Lithology of the Ruteh Formation in the Alborz Region arealmost limestone rock and the deposits of the Formation are specified by detrital facies and carbonated facies(limestone and dolomite). The deposits have a great thickness and their thickness is variable in different sections.Therefore the Ruteh Formation thickness in Manjir section (South of Nowshahr) is 493m, and 200m in the North– West Harijan section, 480m in Amol section and the thickness reaches 115m in Ghoznavi (Eastern Alborz)section. Ruteh Formation in these sections was determined at Artinskian- Murghabian age based on the fossilsextracted. Based on the field study, and thin sections, four facies including Tidal flat, Lagoon, Braaier and Openmarine were identified. Manuscript profile

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