Seemingly Unrelated Regression

Open Access Article

1 - Reaction of European Industries Importing Iranian Oil to Energy Prices: Inter-factor analysis and Inter-fuel analysis
somayeh azami Kiumars Soheili marjan ghasemi

Abstract The purpose of this study is evaluating European manufacturing Industries Importing Iranian Oil response to energy prices during 1970-2005. A two-stage translog model is used for estimating production factor and fuel demand elasticities. Results of inter-factor More

Abstract The purpose of this study is evaluating European manufacturing Industries Importing Iranian Oil response to energy prices during 1970-2005. A two-stage translog model is used for estimating production factor and fuel demand elasticities. Results of inter-factor analysis show that in most of the countries, energy is inelastic input. Results of inter-fuel analysis show that natural gas is a good substitute for gasoil in European industries. With increasing price of electricity and natural gas, it is predicted that oil is a substitute for these energy carriers in most of countries. Demand elasticity for energy carriers (excluding gasoline) was low estimated. The results of this study have important implications for the industry energy suppliers and environmental policy makers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Comparing the Performance of Linear and Non-Linear Models to Explain Almost Ideal Demand System
Mohammad Rezaei pour Mehdi Zolfaghari mojtaba yousefi dindarloo Abolfazl Najarzadeh

In most of empirical studies based on almost ideal demand system (Aids), the elasticity of the price and income estimated by these equations resulted to some sensitive policy making recommendations in microeconomics and macroeconomics. It is in such a case that there is More

In most of empirical studies based on almost ideal demand system (Aids), the elasticity of the price and income estimated by these equations resulted to some sensitive policy making recommendations in microeconomics and macroeconomics. It is in such a case that there is some doubt about reliability of linear estimation of such models. In this study, the performance of linear and non-linear almost ideal demand system is under the investigation. For this purpose, seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) method will be applied to estimate linear model and multilayered feed forward neural network (MFNN) is used to estimate a non-linear one. The results indicate that multilayered feed forward neural network is associated with less error than the linear model, and consequently, leads to a better estimation of almost ideal demand system. This result creates some hesitate on application of Stone price index for linear zing estimation of almost ideal demand system. Therefore, it is suggested that feed forward neural network will be applied to estimate almost ideal demand systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigating the Living Situation of Householders in West Azerbaijan and Comparing It to the Whole Country
mohammad naghibi safiar amini

The investigation of consumer behavior in rural and urban areas of west Azerbaijan province and comparing it to the whole countries the main purpose of this paper by using systematic demand of minimum cost of living. The results of this study show that the most marginal More

The investigation of consumer behavior in rural and urban areas of west Azerbaijan province and comparing it to the whole countries the main purpose of this paper by using systematic demand of minimum cost of living. The results of this study show that the most marginal propensity in urban and rural area of west Azerbaijan province and rural of Iran is devoted to "Foods, Beverages and Tobacco groups", but in urban area of Iran it is devoted to "Other groups". The summation of minimum cost of living in urban and rural areas of west Azerbaijan province was more than urban and rural areas of the whole country respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Estimating the Food Price and Income Elasticities in Tehran Urban Households
vida varahrami zohreh hoshmand reza yousefi haji absd

Abstract The aim of this research is to estimate the food price and income elasticities in urban household of Tehran province. For this purpose, the data of household food items in Tehran province used by different groups of household consumer goods are gathered and th More

Abstract The aim of this research is to estimate the food price and income elasticities in urban household of Tehran province. For this purpose, the data of household food items in Tehran province used by different groups of household consumer goods are gathered and then handled as a combination of linear almost ideal demand system based on seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) during 2004- 2012. In this paper, the behavior of price and income elasticities has been studied in urban households. The overall results represent that cereals, dairy products and oils group are a part of essential commodities. Meats, fish and marine animals are luxury goods. Cross-price elasticities, in term of absolute value, are less than one in most cases. Auto-price elasticity of fish and marine animals is more than one unit. In other word, this group is a kind of elastic goods Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluating the Economies of Scale in Islamic Azad University Branches
mansour ardeshiri

This paper investigates the economies of scale of higher education in Islamic Azad University. We use the long-run Translog multi product cost function and estimate, respected to the homogeneity and symmetry restrictions, to use Systematic Iterative Seemingly Unrelated More

This paper investigates the economies of scale of higher education in Islamic Azad University. We use the long-run Translog multi product cost function and estimate, respected to the homogeneity and symmetry restrictions, to use Systematic Iterative Seemingly Unrelated Regression (ISUR). The data will be collected from 29 selected branches of Islamic Azad University during 2000-2005.Results indicate diseconomies of scale in level of undergraduate education and economies of scale in level of postgraduate education and an optimal number of students for undergraduate education is 7000 to 9000 and for postgraduate education is 800 to 1000. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Investigating the Return of Scale Indicators, Technological Changes and Growth of Production Factors on the Cost in Shazand City Water and Wastewater Company
Majid Karkhaneh Ahmad Sarlak Kambiz Hozhbar Kiani

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the return of scale indicators,technological changes and productivity growth rate on the cost in Shazand CityWater and Wastewater Company. For this purpose, based on repetitive seeminglyunrelated Regression, translog co More

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the return of scale indicators,technological changes and productivity growth rate on the cost in Shazand CityWater and Wastewater Company. For this purpose, based on repetitive seeminglyunrelated Regression, translog cost function form was used to estimate water supplycost function. Cost function parameters were estimated from seasonal time seriesdata over time period 2008 to 2018. The company used four factors of production,labor, capital, raw materials and other services in the production process. The resultsshowed that there is a diminishing return to scale and a lack of economies of scale,which means that there is no natural monopoly in the company. Technologyprogress and productivity growth indicator indicates that cost reduction as a result oftechnology progress and productivity growth over the study period. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Designing a Model for Explaining the Effect of Macroeconomic Policies on Money and Capital Markets
Souzan Hossienzadeh Gholamreza Zomorodian Ebrahim Chirani

Macroeconomic policies are an important tool for governments to achieve financial commitments andtheir social and economic goals. Macroeconomic policies have different types and their implementationcan effects different markets in various ways which can cause change and More

Macroeconomic policies are an important tool for governments to achieve financial commitments andtheir social and economic goals. Macroeconomic policies have different types and their implementationcan effects different markets in various ways which can cause change and turbulence in them. With thisapproach, in the present study by using the Bayesian Causal Map (BCM) and seemingly unrelatedregression equations (SURE) model, a model is designed to explain the effect of macroeconomic policieson money and capital markets. It should be noted that the time period of the present study was 1989 to2019. The results of the present study showed that money and capital markets are affected by variablesand policies applied in different markets in both direct and indirect ways. If the amount of savings in thesociety changes as a result of government policies or other economic and non-economic components,the facilities granted by the banking system will change as well. This directly affects the money market.Given that changes in the money market affect the capital market, the capital market is also affected bychanges made in the money market. At the same time, changes in the money market also affect othermacroeconomic variables such as................ Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Analysis of Wheat Crop Cost Structure Using Translog Function"A Case of Kurdistan Province"
E. Pourmokhtar H. Ghaderzadeh

The current study attempted to investigate the mathematical sturcuture of cost function of irrigated wheat crop in Kurdistan province. The methodolgy is based on duality assumption. The sample size is 257 farmers for the agricultural year 2011-2012.data was collected by More

The current study attempted to investigate the mathematical sturcuture of cost function of irrigated wheat crop in Kurdistan province. The methodolgy is based on duality assumption. The sample size is 257 farmers for the agricultural year 2011-2012.data was collected byinterviewwith farmers and writing writerQuestionnaire.The multistage cluster random sampling used. The results showed that, the tarnslog cost function selected as the best model acorcding to collected data and structural assumptions such as constant return to scale, hemogenity, technological hemotetic were not statistical significant. Land allocated the most cost to itselfrecpectively. And again Allen elasticities of substitution except for labor with poison and water with fertilizer, all are subsititute. The amount of own price elasticity which is less than one,indicating inelastic demand of all input.  In case of return to scale the results showed that, there is increasing return to scale for irrigated wheat farms in the study area. Manuscript profile

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