Purpose: Transglutaminase enzyme is a type of protease enzyme of acyltransferase type, the bonds formed by this enzyme cause strength and stability in the products of various industries. Actinobacteria have biotechnological applications due to their ability to produce s More
Purpose: Transglutaminase enzyme is a type of protease enzyme of acyltransferase type, the bonds formed by this enzyme cause strength and stability in the products of various industries. Actinobacteria have biotechnological applications due to their ability to produce secondary metabolites and enzymes. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and screening trans-glutaminase-producing actinobacterial strains from the soils of the rhizosphere area of native medicinal plants in Qom province.Materials and Methods: In this research, 100 samples of soil from agricultural fields in Qom province were collected in completely sterile conditions and after preparing successive dilutions, they were cultured on ISP3 agar culture medium. Actinobacterial isolates were screened by transglutaminase enzyme specific identifier. Environmental factors including culture medium and shaker cycle were optimized on isolate growth and enzyme production. In order to identify and investigate the phylogeny of actinobacterial isolates, phenotypic and molecular methods were used.Findings: Out of 40 actinobacterial isolates, 5 strains showed the ability to produce the enzyme, based on the halo of color change by the specific substrate N-Carbobenzoxy (CBZ). The selected isolate with the highest amount of enzyme production, in terms of 16S rRNA gene synonymy, was similar to Streptomyces genus.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Streptomyces isolate native to agricultural soils of Qom province has a significant ability to produce transglutaminase enzyme, which was studied for the first time. This isolate can be used in various food and pharmaceutical industries to produce transglutaminase enzyme.
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Damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani: is one of the most important diseases of beans. Some control methods have been applied to overcome it but none seemed to be satisfactory. Biological control has been explored as an additional or alternative means of managing R. More
Damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani: is one of the most important diseases of beans. Some control methods have been applied to overcome it but none seemed to be satisfactory. Biological control has been explored as an additional or alternative means of managing R. solani damping off. In this study, biocontrol ability of 8 isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated against R. solani and potential of rhizosphere colonization of the selected isolate was investigated. In this study, pathogenic fungi were isolated from infected plants of common bean crop fields in Khomein. Fungal isolate with the most pathogenicity was selected. Growth inhibition of R. solani selected isolate was evaluated by dual culture test, the antifungal activity of bacterial volatile and nonvolatile metabolites and P13 strain which was capable to produce maximum inhibitory zone was selected for studying its ability to biocontrol of pathogen and colonization of the ectorhizosphere and endorhizosphere of bean in 15, 30 and 45 days after planting under greenhouse conditions. Although the initial population of bacteria decreased in rhizosphere in 15th day, the population of bacteria in days 30th and 45th days increased in ectorhizosphere and decreased in endorhizosphere. Population of P13 was in the endorhizosphere and ectorhizosphere, in the healthy soil pollution 3/2 × 105 and 1/1 × 107 Cfu/g (fresh weight of root) and in infected soil 2/8 × 105 and 1/06 × 106 Cfu/g (fresh weight of root), respectively. Results showed that the severity of R. solani was significantly decreased and plant growth parameters were increased by biocontrol bacterial density on rhizosphere. P13 with great population on ecto and endorhizosphere showed strong positive effect on plant growth and inhibition of R. solani in 45th days
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Background & Objectives: Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is now widely used as a major food product in many tropical areas and semi-temperate and temperate areas of America, Europe, Africa as well as Asia. Damping off and seed rot are the most frequent and damagi More
Background & Objectives: Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is now widely used as a major food product in many tropical areas and semi-temperate and temperate areas of America, Europe, Africa as well as Asia. Damping off and seed rot are the most frequent and damaging diseases of the legumes worldwide which are caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The purpose of this study was isolation and characterization of rhizosphere bacteria for the biocontrol of the R. solani in the bean.
Material & Methods: Four isolated bacteria from bean plants rhizosphere soil in Lorestan province farms were evaluated in vitro as a potential antagonist of the fungal pathogen. In vitro inhibition of R. solani mycelium growth by rhizosphere bacteria were tested on rye agar media. The degree of inhibition in each medium was determined by measuring the halo around the bacterial strains.
Results: Sequencing of 16S rRNA and its comparison with Gen Bank sequence database revealed that antagonistic strains belong to Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas monteilii, and Pseudomonas putida species. All the strains significantly inhibited R. solani growth, resulting in more than 40% inhibition on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA). The results showed the most inhibition by P. putida, and the lowest by P. aeruginosa.
Conclusion: Rhizoctonia root-rot is a highly destructive disease in most areas of the world. Biological control using natural microorganisms offers a powerful alternative to chemical control of Rhizoctonia root-rot diseases.
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