List of Articles Religious Minorities

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  1 - Religious Conflicts in Nāßir al-dīn Shāh Era (1848-1896)
  Akram Karamali Sahamuddin Khazaei Mohsen Rahmati
  10.30495/jhcin.2023.22307
  The society of Nāsir al-dīn Shāh Period experienced the most quarrels, riots and religious conflicts. Some of those religious conflicts were the continuation of previous traditions and some included new and disruptive ideas. In the present article with a descriptive-ana More

  The society of Nāsir al-dīn Shāh Period experienced the most quarrels, riots and religious conflicts. Some of those religious conflicts were the continuation of previous traditions and some included new and disruptive ideas. In the present article with a descriptive-analytical method, attempt to answer this question that what was the religious structure of the Iranian society during Naser al-din Shah era and why did it lead to conflicts and group protests in the cities of Iran? The findings of the research indicate that the religious conflicts of the that period can be analyzed in three separate ways on the basis of historical and social contexts and processes; The ongoing conflict between the Heidaris and the Nematis in some Iranian cities, which were used by rulers and other power agents to achieve their goals, religious conflicts between Muslims and religious minorities such as Zoroastrian and Jews, who was influenced by the religious atmosphere of the society and the religious prejudices of the Shiites. These types of conflicts remained in the same local area. The government and local rulers took action to end them in order to prevent the continuation of those conflicts, but the third type of religious conflicts of the era had a different nature and it can be referred to as a religious protest that was formed against the official religion of Iran and the government. Although this protest started before the beginning of the Naser al-din shah reign and affected the intellectual and political atmosphere of some cities, it challenged the religious foundations of the society and the legitimacy of the Qajar rule. Therefore, it was suppressed by the persuasion of Shia’a scholars and the actions of the central government. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Analysis of social themes in the works of Zoya Pirzad, with emphasis on women of religious minorities
  mohammad aghasizadeh akbar shabani
  The main challenge of literature is to understand human beings with topics that are neglected. Among the hundreds of literary literacy fields, the story or novel provides space for entering into desolate spaces. One of the less important topics is the role of literature More

  The main challenge of literature is to understand human beings with topics that are neglected. Among the hundreds of literary literacy fields, the story or novel provides space for entering into desolate spaces. One of the less important topics is the role of literature, especially novel, with the thoughts of religious minorities in Iran. Zoya Pirzad, the author of the novel "I Lighten off the Lights" and "Get used to", is one of the successful Iranian writers who has achieved a good position among readers and critics. In addition to their literary and artistic values, these novels also deserve to be considered the first Persian novels written by the Armenian writer whose adventures are in an Armenian language and one of their themes is the relationship between a closed ethnic community and a large community. In this essay, the role of Pirzad's novels in introducing people to the lives of minorities, especially their women's society, is to be shown more and better. In this regard, the basis of the work is based on a review of the two novels mentioned above and, in other words, we will not miss the other works of this author. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Interaction of Bouyehid and Safavid rulers with religious minorities based on the approximation of religions
  Ayyoub Tahmazi Hossein khosravi sohrab eslami ahmadreza behniafar ali elhami
  Interaction with religious minorities is considered important in all governments, and the rulers of Buwayhid (ruled: 322-448 AH) and Safavid (ruled: 907-1148 AH) to bring religions and use the science and knowledge of this group of residents of Islamic countries to this More

  Interaction with religious minorities is considered important in all governments, and the rulers of Buwayhid (ruled: 322-448 AH) and Safavid (ruled: 907-1148 AH) to bring religions and use the science and knowledge of this group of residents of Islamic countries to this Whether the subject was given special attention or not, the present study is considered a historical research in a descriptive, analytical manner and its related topics have been collected from authoritative historical sources in the form of libraries. The present article tries to examine the treatment of religious minorities by these two governments and provide a realistic picture of the Buwayhid and Safavid treatment of minorities. The results of the research show that although Al-Buwayh and Safavid were Shiite and it was natural for Shiite rulers to treat religious minorities similarly, it was the Buwayhid government that administered justice between Muslims and minorities and in most cases used them in the works; But during most of their rule, the Safavids not only did not use minorities in their court, but in most cases did not respect their rights and even treated them inhumanely. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Sassanid religious policies towards religious minorities and its agents
  zahra gholikhani Javad Sakha reza shabani samghabadi Sina Foruzesh
  This study examines the Sassanid religious policies towards religious minorities and its factors. The question of the status of religious minorities in the Sassanid era is one of the topics that has received little attention. The main question raised in this regard is h More

  This study examines the Sassanid religious policies towards religious minorities and its factors. The question of the status of religious minorities in the Sassanid era is one of the topics that has received little attention. The main question raised in this regard is how were the Sassanid religious policies towards religious minorities and what were the factors that influenced the determination of these policies? The present study is descriptive and analytical and Using the library method, the question is addressed. The results of the research indicate that during the Sasanian period various religious minorities such as Jews, Christians, Buddhists, Manoites, and Mazdians Who were each oppressed during a period of Sassanid rule and persecuted by their followers. In fact, although at certain times during the reign of some Sasanian kings such as Shapur I and Nersi, religious minorities enjoyed freedom. But religious minorities were generally suppressed during the Sasanian period. Under the influence of the Zoroastrian religion in the Sassanid era, religious clerics gained great power. This, along with the struggle of the Sassanids with the Roman Empire, played an important role in determining the religious policies of the Sassanian kings against the religious minorities. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Investigating Women’s Covering and Hijab in Qajar Dynasty Reflecting upon the Works of Foreign Tourists of That Period (From Agha Mohammed Khan Kingdom to Mozafar-edin Shah Period)
  Mohammad Reza Alam sakineh Donyari
  Qajar dynasty is a historical period in which women had a particular type of hijab. Women always had a different position in the society from the ancient times up to Qajar dynasty. This particular position of women became even more prominent during Qajar dynasty. In thi More

  Qajar dynasty is a historical period in which women had a particular type of hijab. Women always had a different position in the society from the ancient times up to Qajar dynasty. This particular position of women became even more prominent during Qajar dynasty. In this period, women always had hijab and wore chador with a mask over their face when they were present in the society. This study aims to investigate the social status of Iranian women including those in religious minorities – Armenians and Zoroastrians – from the kingdom of Agha Mohammed Khan toMozafar-edin Shah period reflecting upon the works of foreign tourists of that time. The main question raised here is how the foreign tourists narrated Iranian women’s, including those in religious minorities’, hijab. Having employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and the library resources, the findings of the present study show that the type of women’s hijab depended on their social class. The court or other rich women had more luxurious covering compared to ordinary women and there were some differences in their type of sewing, color, and jewelry. The women of religious minorities also had different coverings based on their religious beliefs. Armenian women often wore red and yellow, filigreed dresses and white chadors. They also wore masks over their mouths. Zoroastrian women had chadors and colorful headbands. Their clothes were mainly in silk and decorated with jewelry. Manuscript profile
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  6 - The Right of Religious Minorities in Constitution of Iran, Egypt and Iraq
  Hojatolah Ebrahimian
  The presence of religious minorities and the kind of interaction of governments with them who are considered as one kind of the minorities is a point of attention for the governments from the old times. Iran, Egypt and Iraq have important place due to their long history More

  The presence of religious minorities and the kind of interaction of governments with them who are considered as one kind of the minorities is a point of attention for the governments from the old times. Iran, Egypt and Iraq have important place due to their long history of existence. The presence of religious minorities in these three countries and study of their rights have attracted the attention of observers in the past and present. In Iran Zoroastrian, Jews and Christians are considered as religious minorities (article 13 of the constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran). In Egypt despite the presence of religious minorities like Shiites, Coptic Christians and Jews there is no mentioning of the name of any specific minorities in the constitution but article 40 of the constitution emphasizes that all Egyptian citizens without consideration of religion enjoy the general rights. In article two of the Iraqi constitution the religious minorities like Christians, Yezidis and Mandaeans Saebies are recognized. It is possible that the religious minorities in these three countries might enjoy special rights in their own political community but the present article focuses only on general rights of the religious minorities in these three countries with emphasis on civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. The comparative study of the constitution of these three countries in respect of general rights of religious minorities one can come to know about the commonalities and the distinctions of the rights of minorities in these three countries. Manuscript profile