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        1 - Description of the shrine and servants of the eighth Imam (pbuh) in Razavi praises of the Safavid period
        Fathemeh Taslim Jahromi
        Persian poems are important from a cultural and sociological point of view, along with literary influence and message delivery. Due to the formalization of Shia religion from the Safavid period, this government took advantage of the existence of the Razavi court in Iran More
        Persian poems are important from a cultural and sociological point of view, along with literary influence and message delivery. Due to the formalization of Shia religion from the Safavid period, this government took advantage of the existence of the Razavi court in Iran to expand its religious policies and encouraged poets to write religious praises. The poets of this period, in addition to praising the eighth Imam(pbuh), have also reflected the social situation, buildings and customs of the time, which is important from the point of view of the history of the development of Shia in Persian literature. In Razavi's praises during the Safavid period, some qualities of the shrine of the eighth Imam(pbuh) are mentioned, such as: tiling, perfumes, lighting of the shrine, various services of the shrine of Razavi, etc., which are in accordance with historical documents. Among them, the most content of Razavi's praises is about the brightness and fragrance of the Holy Shrine, which is completely consistent with the intention of the founders and the number of Razavi's dedication letters to allocate these two things in the 10th to 12th centuries. The quality of the pilgrimage and the description of the pilgrims and the shrine of Razavi during this period are reflected in the praises of Razavi by Saeb Tabrizi and Ashraf Mazandarani. In spite of these references, the poets of this period paid more attention to generalities along with imagination and imagery in composing these poems, and there are less detailed descriptions about Razavi's shrine in their poems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Actions of Mohammad Bager Pirnia during the governorship period in Mashhad
        Hamzeh Kavosi Monirh kazemirashed Seyyed Hossein Raeis al-Sadat Sharzad Sasanpur
        Mashhad city between 1346 and 1350. And during the governorship period of Mohammad Baqer, Pirnia underwent major changes. The main question of this research is what role Pirnia's construction measures played in the physical development of Mashhad. The physical deve More
        Mashhad city between 1346 and 1350. And during the governorship period of Mohammad Baqer, Pirnia underwent major changes. The main question of this research is what role Pirnia's construction measures played in the physical development of Mashhad. The physical development of the city is a continuous process during which the physical boundaries of the city and its physical spaces expand in longitudinal and transverse directions in terms of quantity and quality. The physical expansion of cities and villages towards each other causes the annexation and integration of villages into cities and as a result the physical development of cities. The components of the development of Mashhad are: 1- How to spread new civilizational institutions in the city, 2- The arrival of new thoughts and ideas in relation to urban planning, 3- The existence of Razavi Shrine in order to accept immigrants and pilgrims and to settle it. in Mashhad. In this article, the examples of the physical development of Mashhad city and its surrounding issues are described and analyzed, and therefore, based on the nature of the subject, this research is presented in a descriptive and analytical method and based on library and documentary sources. Manuscript profile