List of Articles Pre-Aryan

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - The Concept of "the Perfection of Demons and Amesha Spenta" Based on Mazda Religion and Pre-Aryan Myths A Structural Analysis
  Hojatollāh Esmāeelniā Ganji Rezā Forsati Jooybāri Hosseinali Pāshāpāsandi
  In this paper, by using descriptive-analytical method, the authors try to consider the concept of "the perfection of Demons and Amesha Spenta" in Avestan language. By delving deeply into the vocabulary structure and the comparative concepts, it is attempted to present a More

  In this paper, by using descriptive-analytical method, the authors try to consider the concept of "the perfection of Demons and Amesha Spenta" in Avestan language. By delving deeply into the vocabulary structure and the comparative concepts, it is attempted to present a new version of the subject. Dualism can be found in all the details and practices of Mazda religion and has a "tree-like" function; as we move from the root to the details, the proliferation in quantity becomes more apparent while the fundamental properties of the root can be pursued in the sub-branches and details. What constitutes the roots of this dualism is the first confrontation of Ahura Mazda with Ahriman in which Ahura Mazda creates the Amesha Spenta and, in retaliation, Ahriman creates Demons. The detailed analysis of the characteristics of each member of these two groups (Amesha Spenta and Demons) reveals the details of the dualism and the hidden angles of the confrontation. The most effective method to achieve this is to examine and compare the traits of them. This method paves the way for other confrontations that exist in the sub-branches of this "tree-like" system and manifest in the form of and Ahuraic Ormazdian and Ahrimanian creatures. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Druj in the Religion of Mazdayasna and Pre-Aryan Myths: A Structural Analysis
  Hojatollā Esmāeilniā Ghanji Hasan Shāmyān Mohammad Ali Noori Khoshroodbāri
  In the eyes of pre-Islamic Iranians, lie or druj was so disgusting and ugly that the demon of Druj was considered an assistant to the devil and sometimes it was imagined as Ahriman himself.  The present article tries to study the root of the word “druj” More

  In the eyes of pre-Islamic Iranians, lie or druj was so disgusting and ugly that the demon of Druj was considered an assistant to the devil and sometimes it was imagined as Ahriman himself.  The present article tries to study the root of the word “druj” in the Avestan language by using descriptive-analytical method. By delving into the lexical structure on the one hand, and exploring comparative concepts on the other hand, it is attempted to give a different perspective on the subject. From this perspective and with regard to the discursive discontinuities, druj as a demonic concept is compared to the goddesses of the pre-Aryan period, and by reflecting on the functions of the ancient goddesses, such as Mitra, Anahita, etc., it is tried to describe the semantic and linguistic changes of the term. The main emphasis in this study is on the feminine identity of the concept. According to the characteristics of the ancient goddesses and of a female-dominated society, the feminine aspect of druj is inferred. The studies show that some of the female archetypes in the religion of Mazdayasna have changed their nature. The archetypes that were in opposition to this religion, manifested in the form of demonic beings and druj is one of these beings.   Manuscript profile