List of Articles Praxis

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  1 - A Comparison between Mahatma Gandhi’s Thoughts and Latin America’s Liberation Theology
  sedighe javadian jafar fallahi Azim Hamzeian
  10.30495/jrs.2022.19938
  Mahatma Gandhi, spiritual, political and social Hindu leader of India in the first half of twenty century, conducted a political and social struggle by his spiritual and religious values. Theologians of Latin America’s liberation theology started their opposition More

  Mahatma Gandhi, spiritual, political and social Hindu leader of India in the first half of twenty century, conducted a political and social struggle by his spiritual and religious values. Theologians of Latin America’s liberation theology started their opposition against the unjust political and economic structures of Latin America after 1960s. Despite their different religious traditions and cultural atmospheres, Gandhi and liberation theologians had comparable features in bases, methods and ends. They had critical relations to their religious traditions, believed in contextual viewpoints, tried for this-worldly changes, removing poverty and injustice and argued that praxis is more important than mere theory. Liberation theologians emphasized on Marxist thoughts and tried to change unjust political and economic structure, even by violent methods of struggle. So, ends are more important than means. But Gandhi, with his emphasis on spiritual and moral transformation, believed in inseparability of ends and means. He argued that violent methods would lead to more severe constraints than that of colonialism. In these thoughts Gandhi was influenced by Leo Tolstoy’s thoughts and Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount. He was in contrary with socialist struggling groups in India. Manuscript profile
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  2 - power adjustment in the political praxis of the elite in pre-constitutionalism
  seyed hamed akbari yasuj Aliakbar Gorji azandaryani
  Challenges of the old political system against the new discipline on the eve of the 19 th century and the resulted crises made the Iranian political elites and intellectuals take note of the necessity of reflection on this issue and the means to withdraw from status quo More

  Challenges of the old political system against the new discipline on the eve of the 19 th century and the resulted crises made the Iranian political elites and intellectuals take note of the necessity of reflection on this issue and the means to withdraw from status quo. plenty of ways and means were suggested in the world of thought and in the practical field, too, to get out of this situation. In the meantime, the desire to adjust power was one of the major solutions provided by the elite to make the old discipline effective and prepare it to face the modern discipline. The Qajar elite performed enormous major reformatory efforts in the pre_constitutional period to adjust the ruling political power. Abas Mirza was the pioneer of these efforts and Qa'em maqam Farahani was regarded as the agent to stabilize them. In the meantime, Mirza taqi Khan Farahani Amir kabir was the main and eminent representative of the ideal of power adjustment. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The Epistemology of Identifying Instances of the Practice of Reasonable Persons
  Sajad SHahbaz GHahfarokhi
  10.22034/ijrj.2023.708078
  The Practice of Reasonable Persons is a universal behavior or mentality that, under identical circumstances and conditions, is adopted by erudite minds, regardless of their doctrinal and intellectual inclinations. This concept, which has gained a special status among sc More

  The Practice of Reasonable Persons is a universal behavior or mentality that, under identical circumstances and conditions, is adopted by erudite minds, regardless of their doctrinal and intellectual inclinations. This concept, which has gained a special status among scholars of the science of jurisprudence in the past two centuries, has sparked numerous discussions regarding its legitimacy and classifications. Among the foremost jurisprudents, discrepancies can be observed regarding the identification of instances of the Practice of Reasonable Persons. Understanding these instances must be considered as an inimitable simple task. This article aims to introduce and evaluate potential methodologies for identifying instances of the Practice of Reasonable Persons. Various approaches, such as referencing foreign legal systems, uniform and model laws, general principles of law, and the opinions of parliamentary representatives, have been scrutinized in this paper. Absolute rejection or endorsement of any one of these methods is a mistake. Instead, one can utilize the culmination of all these methods as a means to identify instances of Wisdom Praxis. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Investigating the Concept of “Praxis” in Reducing the Gap between Theory and Practice: The Need to Develop “Soft / Political” Skills along with “Hard / Technical” Skills based on Modern Urban Planning Education
  Farshad Noorian Mohsen Esmaeili
  The increasing gap between theory and practice has emerged as a major challenge in the field of urban planning education over the past two decades. Planning literature has approached this gap from a political perspective, identifying the neglect of political contexts an More

  The increasing gap between theory and practice has emerged as a major challenge in the field of urban planning education over the past two decades. Planning literature has approached this gap from a political perspective, identifying the neglect of political contexts and power relations by technical planners as the main cause. This article aims to address the skill requirements of planning theories, explore new approaches to planning education in leading universities worldwide, and present strategies for developing new skills within the master’s program in Iran. To achieve these objectives, data were collected through library studies, questionnaires, and structured interviews conducted with practitioners and academicians. The collected data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results demonstrate that acquiring “soft skills” such as negotiation, mediation, facilitation, and conflict management, in addition to “hard skills” or planning techniques, can effectively reduce the theory-practice gap. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Explaining the dialectic of space and the concept of the right to the city from the perspective of critical urban theories
  Pouyan Mozaheb Saeid Piri Hamid Reza Sabaghi Alireza Estelaji
  10.30495/uss.2023.709302
  Urban spaces cannot be considered only as a natural structure in the framework of the historical growth and development of cities. Rather, these spaces are always organized and reproduced through various factors such as capital, politics, ideology and society. This is d More

  Urban spaces cannot be considered only as a natural structure in the framework of the historical growth and development of cities. Rather, these spaces are always organized and reproduced through various factors such as capital, politics, ideology and society. This is despite the fact that today, due to the dominance of capital-oriented policies on urban spaces, the social dimensions of space production have been neglected. In such a city, the rights of citizens in influencing the spaces of daily life have been marginalized. In contrast to this common thinking, critical urban theories have been formed based on the fundamental criticism of these approaches and the disclosure of the main factors that exclude citizens from urban spaces. Therefore, this article, with a fundamental approach and by adopting a descriptive-analytical method and by using qualitative and critical analyzes based on critical urban theories, by explaining the spatial dialectic in relation to the effects of politics, capital and society in the production of space, tries to reveal the roots of the deprivation of the contemporary urban society. By applying the concept of the right to the city, we argue that strategies based on the social will of city residents can be presented against these attitudes governing the urban space, and we also believe that urban praxis as a social action will play an effective role in the urban space by responding to the demands of an urban society in order to achieve the social benefits of citizens. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Explaining the praxis of social capital in the geographical reconstruction of informal settlements A case study of Malabaghi neighborhood in Khoy city
  Hassan Rezaei mir Saiid Musavi َAkbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf, Rasoul  Darskhan
  Reconstruction of the geography of development means a new ontology of development that is reproduced in the currents of regional geography under study, in other words, a type of self-regulating mechanism that has a field of distorted and complex relationships that inte More

  Reconstruction of the geography of development means a new ontology of development that is reproduced in the currents of regional geography under study, in other words, a type of self-regulating mechanism that has a field of distorted and complex relationships that interacts with other fields. Subsidiary and secondary and stable reactions are placed with them and emerge by a complex variety of spatial and non-spatial structures in the city. Geographical reconstruction occurs through the network of social capital among local groups and communities, and space is reproduced every moment through the accumulation of capital - reconstruction. The current research follows the current research in a descriptive and analytical method and uses statistical tests to evaluate the relationship of the social capital variable to the geographical reconstruction of informal settlements. Methodology The research method is descriptive-analytical and the type of research is applied. The unit of analysis is the entire neighborhood of Mollah Baghi Khoi in terms of spatial scale and people in terms of population. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size is 150 people, the simple random sampling method and the data collection tool was a questionnaire, which were measured in the form of a five-level Likert scale (from very low to very high). The reliability of the research instrument was measured by Cronbach's alpha. . The average Cronbach's alpha of the research constructs is 75 Discussion The results of examining the relationship between different dimensions of social capital based on Pearson's correlation coefficient show that no significant relationship can be inferred from the relationship between the components (participation and social trust), (social participation and local institutions), in other words, increasing or decreasing the amount And the quality of the social participation component has no effect on the increasing or decreasing trend of social trust components and local institutions and vice versa. Manuscript profile