List of Articles Okara

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - Investigation of the Effect of Guar and Xanthan Gum and Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate on Qualitative Properties of Gluten-Free Sponge Cake, Based on Maize Starch and Okara
  M. Keshavarzipour H. Abbasi M. Fazel
  Introduction: Celiac is an autoimmune disease resulting from disorder in gluten digestion. Several researches have been made on its treatment and control. Gluten-free diet might be considered as the safest method. The purpose of the present study is to formulate gluten- More

  Introduction: Celiac is an autoimmune disease resulting from disorder in gluten digestion. Several researches have been made on its treatment and control. Gluten-free diet might be considered as the safest method. The purpose of the present study is to formulate gluten-free sponge cake based on okara (side product of soybean milk), as an appropriate protein and fiber based material and maize starch and improvement of its properties by using suitable additives. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the effects of guar and xanthan (%0-3) and sodium stearoyl lactylate (%0-1) on gluten-free cake properties based on okara and maize starch have been studied. The effects of independent variables on texture, color, density and porosity of the samples were modeled using response surface methodology. Results: By increasing the emulsifier, hardness, apparent modulus and chewiness decreased while springiness of the samples increased. The addition of more hydrocolloids had a reverse effect and led to increases in density and crust chrome. Finally the optimum concentration levels of variables were 1.2% xanthan and 1% sodium stearoyl lactylate in order to obtain the best qualitative properties. Conclusion: The application of appropriate additives at optimum levels is effective to improve the qualitative properties of prepared cake based on maize starch and okara. Due to the existence of high protein and fiber in okara, optimized sample had more nutritional value and less retrogradiation rate during storage than the control. This feature was related to the humidity retention of materials and the effects on reducing starch retrogradiation. Textural cohesiveness of optimum sample was maintained during storage. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Corn AS71 in Dareh-shahr, Iran
  A. Fathi A. Farnia A. Maleki
  Biofertilizers are inputs that naturally supplement replace chemical fertilizers and they are recommended in sustainable agriculture. To study the effects of biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of corn, a factorial experiment in randomized complete bloc More

  Biofertilizers are inputs that naturally supplement replace chemical fertilizers and they are recommended in sustainable agriculture. To study the effects of biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of corn, a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted at Dareh-shahr, Iran in 2010. Biological factors were 4 levels of nitrogen biofertilizers (nitroxin, nitrokara, supernitroplus and control) and 4 levels of phosphorus biofertilizers (biophosphore, phosphate fertilized 2, MC1 and control). Results showed that biological nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had significant effects on all traits under study. Interaction of nitrogen biological fertilizer × phosphate biological fertilizer was significant on 100 seed weight (P<0.01) and the number of grains per ear row (P<0.05). Applying super nitroplus increased seed yield up to 9125 kg/ha, which is 47% more than control. Use of biological phosphate fertilizer produced 36% more seed yield 9149 kg/ha compared with control treatment. Generally, the use of biological nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers improves yield and yield components appreciably in corn. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - Effect of different fertilizer sources (chemical and biological) on yield and yield components and some agronomic traits of two varieties of garlic (Allium sativum)
  Zahra Rashki Ghal'e no Ahmad Mehraban Hmaidreza Fanaei
  In order to study the Effect of different fertilizer sources (Chemical and biological) on yield and yield components and some agronomic traits of two varieties of garlic (Allium sativum) an experiment as spilt plot in randomized complete block design with three replicat More

  In order to study the Effect of different fertilizer sources (Chemical and biological) on yield and yield components and some agronomic traits of two varieties of garlic (Allium sativum) an experiment as spilt plot in randomized complete block design with three replications has been conducted in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Zehak in 2014. Different fertilizer sources was in 7 levels include (Nitroxin, nitrokara, fertilizer phosphate 2, chemical fertilizer NPK, chemical fertilizer+ nitroxin, chemical fertilizer+ nitrokara, chemical fertilizer+ fertilizer phosphate 2) as the main factor and two varieties of garlic include hamedani and chines as the subordinate factor. The result showed that different fertilizer sources was significant effect on plant height, steam diameter, garlic yield, garlic diameter and number of clove. So that, the result showed that varieties was significant effect on plant height, garlic yield, garlic weight, number of clove, clove diameter and clove weight. Such that, means comparison of fertilizer effect showed that highest plant height (50.16 cm) and garlic yield (8350.7 kg.ha-1) was obtained from chemical fertilizer+ nitroxin (F5) treatment and in other hand lowest plant height (30.50 cm) and garlic yield (6636 kg.ha-1) was obtained from chemical fertilizer NPK (F4) treatment. In addition, means comparison of varieties showed that highest plant height (43.52 cm) and garlic yield (8342.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained from var. hamedani (V2) treatment and in other hand lowest plant height (39.90 cm) and garlic yield (6949.4 kg.ha-1) was obtained from var. chines (V1) treatment, respectively. Manuscript profile