Offensive realism

Open Access Article

1 - Examining the chosen model of the United States of America in the face of Iran (confrontationalism and redesigning aggressive realism)
علی باقری زاده

The current research aims to analyze the type of strategic orientation of the United States of America in facing the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution. The dualism of liberalism and realism, or a policy of mutual punishment and encouragem More

The current research aims to analyze the type of strategic orientation of the United States of America in facing the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution. The dualism of liberalism and realism, or a policy of mutual punishment and encouragement, has been adopted in the face of J.A. Iran. A. Iran. In order to prove the hypothesis of the research, while using the theory of aggressive realism, the behavioral pattern of the United States will be examined. The main findings of the research show that the approach of the United States is of the type of liberalism of "encouragement, encouragement and maximum participation". Or the harmonious model of liberalism and realism is not "positive and negative". Rather, it indicates the continuation and consolidation of the approach of aggressive realism, of the type of acute discursive, geopolitical and geostrategic confrontation in the form of "threat, punishment, sanctions" in the form of "various and complex balancing". So that the conformity and consistency of aggressive realism propositions with the approach of the United States in the acute confrontation with Iran is clear and obvious. The authors conclude that the behavior pattern of the United States is in the fixed form of aggressive realism, without a paradigm shift to liberalism. And it doesn't even have a tendency to shift within the theoretical paradigm of defensive realism. The main goal of America is to turn Iran into an isolated and victimized actor in the field of international politics. They evaluate J.A.Iran in the form of a game with a negative sum. And they always have a pure compliance with the approach of slander and international politics in their agenda. based on strategic rationality and compliance with international law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The U.S Foreign Policy against Iran during the Presidency of Obama and Trump (Based on Mearsheimer's Offensive Realism and Walitz's Defensive Realism)
Hasan Abediny koshkuieh Hossein Masoudnia Mahnaz Goodarzi

10.22034/sej.2022.1949689.1422

The purpose of the present research is to explain and clarify the factors and components effective on the U.S foreign policy against Iran during the presidency of Obama and Trump as a period replete with fluctuations. The research method was descriptive-analytic with re More

The purpose of the present research is to explain and clarify the factors and components effective on the U.S foreign policy against Iran during the presidency of Obama and Trump as a period replete with fluctuations. The research method was descriptive-analytic with respect to the systematic review of Obama's and Trump's behavior based on defensive and offensive realism. The U.S foreign policy would be explained based on its security approach to Iran's nuclear activities and regional behaviors involving components such as the character of Arabic-Hebraic lobbies and cabinet members. Obama's foreign policy against Iran relying on the approach of interaction and pressure (intelligent power) was successful whereas Trump's foreign policy failed with respect to its offensive nature and the gap among western countries. Therefore, it can be concluded that both of the presidents attempted to challenge the Islamic Republic of Iran's interests by creating political and economic crises and military threats in internal and external aspects. Obama could restrain Iran's nuclear activities by reaching a nuclear agreement but Trump by withdrawing the nuclear deal, not only could not sustain Obama's achievements but also almost failed to restrain Iran to provide the U.S national interests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Bush's Aggressive Foreign Policy and Obama's East Asia Rebalancing Strategy; Tactical Difference or Strategic Similarity
Mohammad Reza Dehshiri Shayan Jozani Kohan Shahin Jozani Kohan

Mohammad Reza  Dehshiri[1] Shayan Jozani Kohan[2] Shahin Jozani Kohan[3] Abstract: When Obama came to power, Bush's multilateralism and aggressive foreign policy was converted to a "rebalancing" policy, in which US interests were consi More

Mohammad Reza  Dehshiri[1] Shayan Jozani Kohan[2] Shahin Jozani Kohan[3] Abstract: When Obama came to power, Bush's multilateralism and aggressive foreign policy was converted to a "rebalancing" policy, in which US interests were considered more than any other issue. Obama's East Asia rebalancing policy was pursued with the aim of redefining interests, threats and political, economic and military strategies. The question of the current paper is how were Bush's "aggressive foreign policy" and "Obama's" rebalancing policy pursued to promote US interests in East Asia? For answering this question, the authors believe that Bush's foreign policy has been pursued by adopting a multilateralism approach focused on resolving the Korean Peninsula’s crisis with the aim of creating consensus in East Asia and cooperation with China. While the policy of rebalancing with a multilateralism approach has been pursued and focusing on the prevention of China's economic and military growth with the goal of consensus among the countries aligned with US policies in East Asia. The research method in this paper is analytical and descriptive through library resources. Using the theory of offensive realism and the Copenhagen School, this paper seeks to explain and analyze the policies of Bush and Obama in East Asia, to examine the differences, commonalities and approaches of each, and the orientation of US foreign policy in the East Asian region [1]-Associate Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Political Science, Faculty of International Relations of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tehran, Iran: Corresponding Author [2]-MA in Regional Studies (East Asia), Faculty of International Relations of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tehran, Iran [3]-MA in Regional Studies (West Asia (Middle East) and North Africa), Faculty of International Relations of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Guest Researcher of the Middle East Strategic Studies Research Institute, Center for Scientific Research and Strategic Studies of the Middle East, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Tehran, Iran   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Scrutinizing the probabilities of breaking out a war in the wake of China's rise into arena of great powers
Mahdi Nasr

10.30495/pir.2022.1928839.3255

China alone has questioned lots of presuppositions of the world system after the cold war, those which were in America's benefit. Now the question is whether China's rise, just as status quo, will traverse a peaceful trajectory. To answer this question, we should consid More

China alone has questioned lots of presuppositions of the world system after the cold war, those which were in America's benefit. Now the question is whether China's rise, just as status quo, will traverse a peaceful trajectory. To answer this question, we should consider different suppositions. The first supposition is piece in the meaning of Chinese surrendering to U.S. and the acceptance of American intentions in East Asia and in other regions in the world. The second one is China's confrontation with the United States and entering into war with U.S. in regions dominated by this country, especially eastern Asia. But there is a mediocre third supposition. In this supposition, one country can neither go to immediate war, nor do its interests and power allow it to compromise. Our hypothesis is that China follows the third logic, i. e. neither war nor piece. But if China's rise continues, disputes will grow notably in eastern Asia. This essay uses "offensive realism" as a theoretical framework to be applied on this subject. The results are going to be shown according to history and experimental considerations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Realism and the Role of Energy Sources in Foreign Policy
محمد علی شیرخانی حامد مهاجرپور

The present article intends to understand the place of energy sources in analysis of foreign policy in different realist theories. The finding shows that different theories of realism is a suitable analytical starting point for the study of the importance of energy sour More

The present article intends to understand the place of energy sources in analysis of foreign policy in different realist theories. The finding shows that different theories of realism is a suitable analytical starting point for the study of the importance of energy source in foreign policy. The reason is that the realist theories do not undervalue the strategic importance of energy source and they do not consider statesmen as actors with mere economic objectives. Realism looks at energy sources as an element of power and for this reason it gives special place to it for forming the behavior of the states. Of course, among different branches of realism, the neo-classical realism due to its simultaneous attention to system level and domestic level variables can accurately explain how energy sources influence the foreign policy behavior. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Impact of Iranian Nuclear Program on Regional Security System of the Middle East (Persian Gulf) with Emphasis on Offensive Realism Theory
Masoud Jafari Nejad Fidafeh Madabadi

Abstract: In the past thirteen years the question of nuclear issue of Iran has become one of the important issues in the Middle East. Iran, the United States and the littoral states of the Persian Gulf are the actors who are concerned with security repercussions of the More

Abstract: In the past thirteen years the question of nuclear issue of Iran has become one of the important issues in the Middle East. Iran, the United States and the littoral states of the Persian Gulf are the actors who are concerned with security repercussions of the nuclear issue. The position of the United States and the Arab countries of the south of the Persian Gulf is opposition to peaceful Iranian nuclear program. The question raised by the present article is why the United States tried to emphasize that the nuclear program of Iran is a threat to the countries of the region and there existed security problem? The underlying hypothesis is that the securitization of the nuclear issue of Iran along with Iran phobia project can ensure the United States strategic interests in the Middle East particularly the Persian Gulf region. The impression of the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf region has also shaped on the basis of these propagandas. The present article examines the above issue within the framework of aggressive realism.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Origins of Ukraine Crisis and Its Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran’s National Interest
Ehsan Fallahi Asdollah Ameri

Abstract In the age of globalization, political, economic and military issues have intertwined. So crisis in one region affects the interests of actors in the other regions. Ukraine as one of the Soviet Republics survivors had been faced with multiple crises, which Zen More

Abstract In the age of globalization, political, economic and military issues have intertwined. So crisis in one region affects the interests of actors in the other regions. Ukraine as one of the Soviet Republics survivors had been faced with multiple crises, which Zenith of it was United States and Russia Confrontation about Crimea Peninsula. This article tries to answer the following question: what are the origins of  Ukraine Crisis in 2014? And what is the impact of Russia and United states confrontations in Ukraine crisis on Iran national interest? “Ukraine crisis has origin in Competition of U.S.A and Russia that has emerged in Orange and Blue Revaluation. This crisis has strengthened the relations between Tehran- Moscow, in order to fulfill Iran's national interests. To test this claim, Iran’s National interests have been investigated in local, regional and international level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran Strategy towards the Crisis in Yemen
Seyed Ali Nejat Raziyeh Musavi Mohammadreza Saremi

Abstract Relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the past years had turned cold with military attack on Yemen and Saudi Arabia accuse Iran of military and political support for the movement Ansar Allah, their opposition was procedural. Therefore, this essay is to ex More

Abstract Relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the past years had turned cold with military attack on Yemen and Saudi Arabia accuse Iran of military and political support for the movement Ansar Allah, their opposition was procedural. Therefore, this essay is to explain the strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia is responsible for the crisis in Yemen. In this regard, the author using descriptive - analytical and comparative approach, to answer the fundamental question that the Islamic Republic of Iran, Saudi Arabia and Yemen have adopted a strategy for the crisis? In response to the question of Saudi Arabia has tried to form a coalition and military intervention in Yemen, Ansar Allah movement from the political power and in line with the current arrangements in the power structure of Iran's influence in the new government of Yemen to prevent it. Iran's spiritual and political support for the movement Ansar Allah and the revolutionaries in Yemen has been trying to alter the balance of regional power to their advantage. The results of this suggest that competition and conflict of interests between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran on the crisis in Yemen, has created a zero-sum game. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia and its impact on the security of the Persian Gulf based on offensive realism
Nader Molaeian

10.30495/psq.2023.1990668.2215

This article is prepared and organized based on the security conditions of the Persian Gulf and providing solutions for stability and security in this sensitive international region. Stable security in this geo-strategic, geo-cultural and geo-political region of the wor More

This article is prepared and organized based on the security conditions of the Persian Gulf and providing solutions for stability and security in this sensitive international region. Stable security in this geo-strategic, geo-cultural and geo-political region of the world is of great importance due to the route of energy passage and estimation of more than 90% of fossil energies (in 2030). The geography of the Persian Gulf, which is separated from the Sea of Oman by the Strait of Hormuz, consists of the following countries: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Qatar, which are important and vital for the world in terms of economy and fossil energy production. Is. Britain's withdrawal from this region and its replacement by the United States in 1970 has caused many ups and downs in this region of the Middle East. This year, the United States used the two countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as two pillars of regional security to reduce the tension between the two countries and a barrier against communism in a plan called the Nixon-Kessinger doctrine (two-pillar security). Manuscript profile

List of Articles Offensive realism

Sanad

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages