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        1 - Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Multivariate Regression in Determining Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluid for Use in Mechanical Systems
        Mohammad Reza Ghalani Moslem Barzegari Ashkan Ghafouri
        Statistical methods are used in the analysis of all types of data. In this paper, using multivariate analysis of variance and multivariate regression, the data related to the thermal conductivity of nanofluids have been analyzed and the results of the two methods have b More
        Statistical methods are used in the analysis of all types of data. In this paper, using multivariate analysis of variance and multivariate regression, the data related to the thermal conductivity of nanofluids have been analyzed and the results of the two methods have been compared. A two-step method was used to prepare ethylene glycol-magnesium oxide nanofluid. In order to prepare the nanofluid by suspending the nanoparticles in the base fluid, an ultrasonic homogenizer was used. For this purpose, nanoparticles with diameters of 20, 50, and 100 nm in volume fractions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25% have been used at temperatures of 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 degrees Celsius. Transient hot wire method was used to measure thermal conductivity in different volume fractions. Then the obtained experimental values were analyzed using SPSS.26 software. The coefficient of determination and the graphs of the errors obtained in the two methods showed that when the independent variables are defined as grouped, the use of multivariate analysis of variance can better describe the dispersion of the thermal conductivity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Measurement and evaluation of vitality dimensions in various public spaces of Tabriz metropolis
        Ali Arefhoseini ali panahi Ali Azar Reza Valizade
        With the development of urbanization and urban density, the need to plan and design public spaces to encourage residents to properly use this type of space is more than ever. The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the dimensions of vitality in various publ More
        With the development of urbanization and urban density, the need to plan and design public spaces to encourage residents to properly use this type of space is more than ever. The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate the dimensions of vitality in various public spaces of Tabriz metropolis. This research is applied in nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Assessment tools were field studies and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study is the users of public spaces in Tabriz; The sample size of the study includes 245 people Which were selected by available sampling method from the visitors of public spaces of Tabriz. Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained from the reliability of the measuring instrument (./868) was at an acceptable level. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Friedman test were used to analyze the data. The results of the present study show that except for "cultural vitality", the rate of "social vitality", "economic vitality" and "physical vitality" are significantly different in all three categories of public spaces. Among the public spaces studied, in terms of social vitality, "active public spaces from the past to the present" has the highest rate and "active public spaces in the past" has the lowest rate. In terms of economic vitality, "active public spaces from the past" has the highest rate and "active public spaces in the past" has the lowest rate, and in terms of physical vitality, "active public spaces from the past" has the highest rate and "active public spaces in the past" Has the lowest rate. It can also be said with 99% confidence that the components of vitality including "social vitality", "economic vitality", "cultural vitality" and "physical vitality" are not at the level of equality; So that "physical vitality" has the highest satisfaction and "economic vitality" has the lowest satisfaction in the public spaces of Tabriz. The components of "cultural vitality" and "social vitality" are in the second and third ranks, respectively. Therefore, by strengthening the components related to "economic vitality" and "social vitality", the vitality of public spaces in Tabriz can be significantly increased in order to realize citizenship rights and increase social interactions Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - An empirical study of innovation-performance linkage in the paper industry
        Parveen Farooquie Abdul Gani Arsalanullah K Zuberi Imran Hashmi