List of Articles Mongol era

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  1 - Analyzing the Socio-historical Relationship between Sufism, Diplomacy and Power in Iran at Mongol Era
  Mahdi Janaliyan
  10.2234/erfan.2023.706045
  The leading research aims to analyze the type of political-social relations of Sufi mysticism with the sphere of politics and political power in Iran under the Mongol dynasty. In this case, it explores the period between 1200 AD and 1500 AD with an analytical and histor More

  The leading research aims to analyze the type of political-social relations of Sufi mysticism with the sphere of politics and political power in Iran under the Mongol dynasty. In this case, it explores the period between 1200 AD and 1500 AD with an analytical and historical method. The important question is that Sufi mysticism in the above historical conditions, did they enter into converging and important relations with the sultans and Mongol dynasty, or did they turn to divergent and confrontational relations, or at least isolationist? In response, it is stated that the tolerant spirit of the Mongols, the structural homogeneity between the status of magicians and the beliefs of the Mongols with the dignity of mystics and the teachings of mystics, and the need of the Mongols to transform hard power into authority through legitimizing power, together cause attention, respect, and assistance. The financial and even political advice of the Mongol sultans was compared to the old Sufis. In such a situation, some Sufi schools relied on their spiritual power, disciplinary power, and knowledge to cooperate and legitimize the secular government. But another group turned away from convergence with political power. Also, the political power of Mongol was influenced by the spiritual power, the disciplinary power, and the knowledge that was reminiscent of Sufi mysticism. Therefore, in the network of power relations, power flowed not only from the top to the bottom, but from the bottom to the top (although unequally). Here, monasteries appear as a focus for the exercise of spiritual power and disciplinary power of mystics and Sufis. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Investigation of self-censorship in the prominent works of poetry and prose of the Mughal period
  Mohammad Amin Rajabi Reza Sadeghi Shahpar Shahrooz Jamali
  10.30495/farsij.2023.1981456.1712
  Self-censorship is an action in which the author censors his own work according to the political and social conditions of the society and for the purpose of self-restraint and expediency. Self-censorship is, in fact, a motivation for action, the main cause of which is v More

  Self-censorship is an action in which the author censors his own work according to the political and social conditions of the society and for the purpose of self-restraint and expediency. Self-censorship is, in fact, a motivation for action, the main cause of which is various degrees of fear. The intense fear and panic that existed among the people in the Mongol era caused writers and poets to adopt this method in creating their works and to self-censor in various ways. In this research, which was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method and based on library studies, an attempt is made to investigate the phenomenon of self-censorship in the important works of Manzoom and Mansoom of the Mughal period, with an emphasis on Naftha al-Masdoor, Tarikh Jahangasha Jovini, Saadi's Kaliyat, and Hafez's Divan. To identify the causes of self-censorship in this period and the methods used by the creators of these works in self-censorship. The result of the research shows that self-censorship is one of the indirect ways of criticizing the situation of the Mughal society. Writers and poets, in most cases, expressed the political and social issues of their era in covertly, and they did this by using artificiality and complexity, obscurity and symbolic literature (using metaphor, allegory, symbol and irony). . Also, the method of randy and changing verses is another method of self-censorship that has only been seen in Hafez Shirazi's court. Manuscript profile