The joining of the Hekmatyar to the process of Afghanistan national peace has been one of the most recent controversial upheaval and affective on the political-security situation this country. The discovery of the cause of this state-reception and the Hekmatyar's histor More
The joining of the Hekmatyar to the process of Afghanistan national peace has been one of the most recent controversial upheaval and affective on the political-security situation this country. The discovery of the cause of this state-reception and the Hekmatyar's historic anti-state is a major issue in this paper. The purpose of this question is to represent the role of politics on the emergence of violence in Afghanistan. Therefore, the question of the present research is that what was the main reason for Hekmatyar's military approach to the states of Afghanistan (1966-2016) and then change it to political approach? The research hypothesis, which is operationalized in the format of the structural theory of Douglas North’s social orders, is follows: the nature and structure of the power systems of the kingdom (1933), authoritarian (1973), communist (1978), non-institutional (1992), and fundamentalist in Afghanistan (1996), which is opposed to Hekmatyar’s Islamism and democratism policy, imposed an armed approach on the party. But, relatively democratic, institutionalized and Islamic system of the post-Taliban Afghanistan provided a peaceful approach to the party. Therfore,, the policy of governments, not the construction of a society has led to the emergence of social violence in Afghanistan.
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The observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf regio More
The observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf region، a region in the world which is famous for its enormous oil reserves. Taking into consideration the above fact one can find the link between this war with the wealth and oil revenue of the two countries and also the existing oil in the Persian Gulf region. The present article is trying to examine the relation between oil and the developments relating to commencement، continuation and the end of the war in a systematic and precise manner. The article also examines the impact of oil revenue and the consequences of the change in oil balance in the Persian Gulf after the victory of Islamic revolution on political situation and the calculations of Iraqi leaders and it shows how oil has helped the commencement of the war by Iraq. Likewise the article analyzes the role of oil in supplying the war expenditure and sustaining of economies of Iran and Iraq and the consequences of third oil shock، the intensification of oil tankers war، to show how these conditions had impact on continuation and later end of the war.
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The middle East (ME) has witnessed the end of US hegemony. The White House, after the September has introduced Islam as the biggest challenge the West's tradition and the century's national security and the ME as a location for the armed and political Islam and hoping t More
The middle East (ME) has witnessed the end of US hegemony. The White House, after the September has introduced Islam as the biggest challenge the West's tradition and the century's national security and the ME as a location for the armed and political Islam and hoping to overturn the independent governments unilaterally and fullfilling reforms in dependent governments to guarantee its unobjectionable domination. Today, the political stimulating powers in ME are Islamism and Militarism. The purpose of this paper is to show that in the contemioorary ME, nowadays, some distinctive features of political and strategic disputes between the two conservative and radical explicit opposition with the West's interferences in this region gronps is evident. Thus, the West headed by the US confronts any kind ideological and political resistance of Islamists and tries to scramble the security atmosphere of the region.
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Abstract
Military-industrial complexes are one of outstanding phenomena in the realm of international policy , and from old times played an intricate role in the process of decision-making and foreign policy of some countries military-industrial complexes are able to f More
Abstract
Military-industrial complexes are one of outstanding phenomena in the realm of international policy , and from old times played an intricate role in the process of decision-making and foreign policy of some countries military-industrial complexes are able to form the countries behavior and foreign policy ,and used as an analytical tool in considering the international changes, and also used as a clear definition of real causes of behaviors of some countries specially in the military-industrial scope. Because some countries have always been considering the political within security domains the military- industrial complex is a product of combining different parts of political and economical issues which penetrates in the central layers of sovereignty and political system of countries making the access to power and wealth available for themselves, as a result leaves an impression on economy, science, policy and society of countries.
This is a descriptive analytical research paper which follows this question “how military-industrial complexes affect America’s political, economical and social progress”? Based on the main question of this research the theory which is followed in this path is “military –industrial complexes cause the lack of progress in different levels of America’s political economical and social aspects”.
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