List of Articles Matriarchy

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  1 - The Brother 's Choice
  Rudabeh Shah Hosseini
      “Hanboue and Zahak” tale is a story in Marzban Nameh, that is about a woman who lived in “zaehak” period.One day her child ,her husband and her brother were taken captive by Zahak government and  were doomed to death to pr More

      “Hanboue and Zahak” tale is a story in Marzban Nameh, that is about a woman who lived in “zaehak” period.One day her child ,her husband and her brother were taken captive by Zahak government and  were doomed to death to provide the food for night’s snakes for Zahak. Hanboue cried, thus Zahak allowed her to free one of them by her choice , and Hanboue selected her brother. Her choice was wonderful and had its specific aim which is different from social organization and relative meaning . Her social aim is related to primitive matriarchal  societies.  Manuscript profile
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  2 - The Woman’s Role in Iranian Ancient Literature and Myths
  S. S. Sanjari
  The ancient Persians always esteemed women as being equal to men in all aspects of life. Etymologically, the word “woman” in Persian language originated from the word (zan), which means “giving birth”. The word had different forms in various lang More

  The ancient Persians always esteemed women as being equal to men in all aspects of life. Etymologically, the word “woman” in Persian language originated from the word (zan), which means “giving birth”. The word had different forms in various languages: (zan) and (nārīg) in Pahlavi, (wa/əδ) in Soghdi, (wadū) or (wad) in Old Persian, (Vantav) in Avestan, and (Vadhu) in Sanskrit. The importance and the high status attributed to women were manifested in titles given to women as well as in their determination to defend their reputation, family, and land. Such a feature was also portrayed in ancient mythological goddesses such as Anahita, Spadnarmaz, Dena, Chista, and many others. Further, women’s love, affection, and commitment, in one perspective, and evil deviations, in another, were reflected in characteristics of female demons (daeva) like Jahi, Bushyasta, and others. However, all these myths refer to the good-evil duality in women’s nature. Therefore, as Anahita – female divinity of water, fertility, and kingship – possesses good attributes and pursues positive goals, evil attributes, such as vindictiveness and spitefulness are depicted in ādā – another goddess. Manuscript profile
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  3 - A research on the evolution and diversity of the concept of "motherhood" in society and examining its examples
  Nazi Abdullah Pour
  10.30495/jwsf.2023.1996932.1903
  Upon hearing the word "mother" - and its equivalent in any language - the first thing that comes to mind is the woman who gave birth to us, but this concept has suffered many examples throughout history. Rapid changes in human society make these examples more widespread More

  Upon hearing the word "mother" - and its equivalent in any language - the first thing that comes to mind is the woman who gave birth to us, but this concept has suffered many examples throughout history. Rapid changes in human society make these examples more widespread. This article aims to investigate the evolution of the concept and examples of "motherhood" in human language and is written with a descriptive-analytical method. Due to the fact that a large percentage of human society has been subject to Abrahamic religions during the past four thousand years, in this article, while examining the role of mother in wild and primitive societies, the function of the word "mother" in the religious texts of three major religions of the Middle East. Especially Islam is examined. Examples of mothers over time include: a group of mothers and women and even tribal girls in primitive tribes, the mother goddess - with different names - the biological mother who gave birth to the child or donated her egg, the mother who conceived an embryo from the egg of another raised in her womb, the person's grandmother and female ancestors, foster mothers, adoptive and alleged mothers, wives of the Prophet, mother-in-law, mother or biological and father who has changed gender.  Manuscript profile
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  4 - Unity of Binary Oppositions in Ilāhī-Nāmeh; Based on the Concepts of Transformation and Equation
  Sabikeh Esfandiyār Mahmood Hasanābādi Maryam Shabānzādeh
  Binary oppositions are considered as one of the main components of the critique of modern texts; but they can also be used in the critique of Persian classical texts. In Ilāhī-Nāmeh, Attār Neishapouri suggests that on the path of the Truth, nobody can reach the perfecti More

  Binary oppositions are considered as one of the main components of the critique of modern texts; but they can also be used in the critique of Persian classical texts. In Ilāhī-Nāmeh, Attār Neishapouri suggests that on the path of the Truth, nobody can reach the perfection without binary oppositions. Thus, he faces the sālek (holy traveler) with much binary oppositions from the beginning to the end of suluk (spiritual journey). Attār believes that the only method for converting oppositions to unity is to use the force of "transformation" and "equation". Most of the oppositions employed by Attār are linked to "transformation"; in this way, the opposites change their nature and unite with each other. In this "transformation", he seeks a kind of "transcendence" that needs contemplation and going beyond the corporal world. By using descriptive and analytic method, in the present article, the attempt is made to explain Attār's Divine thoughts based on concepts of "binary oppositions", "transformation" and "equation". This research does not seek to find the opposite terms and to classify the binary oppositions quantitatively, but it attempts to find the concepts that beyond apparent oppositions may conduce to the perfection of man.  Manuscript profile
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  5 - The Role of Woman in Narratives of the Story of Chelgis: A Study Based on Mythological Themes
  Sakine Morādi Mohammadhosain karami
  The story of Chelgis is one of the most famous and well-known stories in folk literature. In the various narratives of the story, there are common elements such as the description of the character of Chelgis with repetitive characteristics, the theme of the hero's battl More

  The story of Chelgis is one of the most famous and well-known stories in folk literature. In the various narratives of the story, there are common elements such as the description of the character of Chelgis with repetitive characteristics, the theme of the hero's battle with the dragon, and the waterless and famine-stricken lands that give a symbolic and mythological aspect to the story. Using analytical-descriptive method, the purpose of this study is to identify the role and position of women in society in various narratives of the story of Chelgis mentioned in Iranian Legends and Fairy Tales Encyclopedia according to the mythic deep-structure of the story. Considering the history of matriarchy and worship of goddesses in Iran, the results of the research show that the character of Chelgis can be an embodiment of the goddess Anahita, the goddess of water, in Iranian beliefs and myths. Also, the companionship of mythological themes related to the actions of the main male and female characters in the continuous structure of the story indicates the emphasis on male actions and power, the delegation of female tasks to men, the passivity of female characters and the fixation of women's role as obedient spouses. On this basis, the story of Chelgis depicts the decline of matriarchal beliefs and the formation of patriarchal societies.  Manuscript profile
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  6 - An Analytic Mythological study of The Archetype of Matriarchy and the Functions of Anahita and Sepandarmaz
  Rezā Sattārī Soghol khosravi
  Native people of Iran, before Aryans, had a matriarchal culture. They used to worship the Great Goddesses. After inhabiting in Iran, Aryans adopted the belief in goddesses. After the advent of Zoroastrianism, belief in goddesses were rejected, but latter this belief rea More

  Native people of Iran, before Aryans, had a matriarchal culture. They used to worship the Great Goddesses. After inhabiting in Iran, Aryans adopted the belief in goddesses. After the advent of Zoroastrianism, belief in goddesses were rejected, but latter this belief reappeared once again in Mazdaism. After studying matriarchy in ancient Iran, in this article we try to study functions of two important and famous goddesses, Anahita and Sepandarmaz, in ancient culture of Iran. Manuscript profile
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  7 - The Mythical Deep-Structures in the Works of Mohebali; A Case Study: The Grey Spell
  Ali Taslimi Farzāneh Moonesān
  Myths depict interpretations of ancient man about phenomena. Myth is a kind of discourse that its deep-structure is fact and story is its sub-structure. Based on their ideology and the socio-historical conditions of their time, contemporary writers endeavor to revive my More

  Myths depict interpretations of ancient man about phenomena. Myth is a kind of discourse that its deep-structure is fact and story is its sub-structure. Based on their ideology and the socio-historical conditions of their time, contemporary writers endeavor to revive myths. The revival of myth in the literary works is a result of socio-philosophical visions of their writers. To express and envision their views, the contemporary writers use symbolic names and archetypes. In her stories, Mahsa Mohebali, Iranian contemporary writer and novelist, has used myths for narrative, semantic and feminist purposes. By using the analytic-descriptive method and based on psychoanalysis theories, the present article tries to review ways and reasons of recreating the mythical themes in her works. One of Mohebali's works, The Grey Spell (Nefrine Khakestari) is a novel that its characterizations, themes and atmospheres can only be explained with a mythological approach. In the novel, the writer describes the contemporary Tehran space and conditions of a psychiatric patient; she addresses the subject of psychoanalysis and by these ways, the structure of her novel is expressed by the central character of the story. She uses myths and archetypes to search for identity and to defend the rights of women. Manuscript profile
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  8 - The Myth of Maiden-Mother: An Analysis
  Mohammadreza Hasanī Jaliliyān Ali Heidarī Behjat Beirānvand
  The myth of maiden-mother, as a universal myth, refers to the birth of a hero from a virgin mother. The mother becomes pregnant in an unusual way and with the will of gods. Both the maiden-mother and her son have a direct relationship with nature and its manifestations, More

  The myth of maiden-mother, as a universal myth, refers to the birth of a hero from a virgin mother. The mother becomes pregnant in an unusual way and with the will of gods. Both the maiden-mother and her son have a direct relationship with nature and its manifestations, namely water, and plants. It seems that this relationship is reminder of the age of matriarchy and belief in genesis of woman-and-land. It is at the same time is a reminder of a correspondence of genesis and fertility. Also, the role of gods in giving birth to hero and death to the mother at the moment of birth refers to the ending of matriarchal system and give rise to feeling of having kinship with gods.  The present article, by studying the mythology of nations, tries to show that the myth of maiden-mother is a narrator of passing from matriarchy to patriarchy and orientation to gods.                        Manuscript profile
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  9 - The Role of Goddesses in the Intellectual- Spiritual world of Ancient Iranian: a Mythological Approach
  S.Āmeneh Mir Khoshkhoo Abdolrahmān Ālem
  Goddesses, among other deities, are impressive and meaningful in the life of ancient people. They have drawn attention in the most ancient civilizations, such as Greece and Mesopotamia, and especially they have been connected to the thoughts of ancient Iranians. So, und More

  Goddesses, among other deities, are impressive and meaningful in the life of ancient people. They have drawn attention in the most ancient civilizations, such as Greece and Mesopotamia, and especially they have been connected to the thoughts of ancient Iranians. So, understanding the ancient spiritual world in the epics will be deficient, if we don’t pay due attention to femininity of the goddesses. The authors of the present article try to study the role of woman in the myth of creation and myths of feminine divines based on historical and mythical resources. This point is made with regard to the age of matriarchy and worshiping of the female gods, the role of women in the myth of creation and divine feminine myths. It seems that from historical and ethnological point of views the worshiping goddesses occurs in the same age as matriarchy and centrality of communities based on women-mothers.The chronological precedence of matriarchy over patriarchy and the coincidence of worshiping goddesses and age of matriarchy show that impressive gods were female, but because of social changes in the passage of time the power of women-mothers have eroded and transformed to men-fathers and as a result the importance of the goddesses were lost. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Analyzing the anthropological roots of ecological criticism
  mehdi khosravi Maryam Mahmoodi Parisa ِDavari
  Following the emergence of modernism and the serious damages of the 20th and 21st century to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of ecological criticism literature introduced it as a new science. An approach that d More

  Following the emergence of modernism and the serious damages of the 20th and 21st century to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of ecological criticism literature introduced it as a new science. An approach that deals with the relationship between literature, art and nature and their mutual influence, so that maybe by focusing on this issue, considerations regarding the preservation and protection of the habitat by the human society can be considered. Although human action and behavior changes with the transformation of the social structure system and under the influence of the philosophy of looking at life, but what causes a friendly or competitive relationship with nature, becoming unique or superior to it, has roots in the human psyche that are more primitive and more fundamental than superstructures. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, an attempt has been made to investigate the root of damage to nature, which has caused the formation of ecological criticism. Components such as fear of nature, animism of nature, the existence and presence of the maternal descent system, and finally modernity, each of which has determined the limits, limits, why and how of the relationship and behavior at a specific time, and of course the role and relations of power in this influence and impression can also be is attention Manuscript profile