Mahmoud Darwish

Open Access Article

1 - The Invocation of Poetic Figures in Mahmoud Darwish’s Poetry
Ali Nazary Yunes Valyee

Tradition has primary importance in Modern Arabic poetry, and invoking traditional elements is a remarkably invaluable poetic source. Tradition has many resources among which literary tradition is a rich storehouseon whichpoets deeply rely. Literary tradition contains m More

Tradition has primary importance in Modern Arabic poetry, and invoking traditional elements is a remarkably invaluable poetic source. Tradition has many resources among which literary tradition is a rich storehouseon whichpoets deeply rely. Literary tradition contains many elements among which poetic figures are probably the most influential and inspirational. This article attempts to study the poetic figures invoked by Mahmoud Darwish. Darwish invokes like-minded poets who have undergone similar experience.Among the poets invoked by Darwish, one can name Imru' al-Qais, Djamil bin Ma‘mar, al-Mutanabbi, Abu Firas, among many others. These figures are placedin two frameworks: in the first oneas minor characters,and in the second one as main characters in a certain ode. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Freedom in the Epic Poems of Mahmoud Darwish and Ahmed Shamlou According to Jean Paul Sartre's viewpoints
Sara Ghiasi Babak Farzaneh Abdolhosien Farzad Sayed Ebrahim Dibaji

The concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentiali More

The concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentialism, the concept of freedom became one of the most important categories in contemporary life, and the humanistic and existentialist approach provided the ground for intellectual and social revolutions. Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher, one of the founders of existentialism had crucial role on the existential thoughts and had deep effects on the thoughts of literary writers. Mahmoud Darvish, Palestinian resistance poet, and Ahmad Shamloo, Iranian contemporary modernist poet, are prominent poets whose poems reflect the concept of freedom, the study of their poems reveals their philosophical an existential dimension. The present study with a glance to Sartre's theories, tries to do a comparative study of Darwish and Shamloo's ideas about freedom, in order to analyze the similarities and differences between their poems and express the manifestations of Sartre's thought in the viewpoint of these poets. According to the present study, the concept of freedom in the attitude of Shamloo and Darwish has a philosophical dimension that is not limited to individual freedom and includes the whole society. The concept of freedom in their worldview, is consistent with the categories of precedence existence over the nature, apprehension and responsibility, negation of metaphysical forces, the instability of nature, and the relationship between death and freedom in Sartre's theory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Reading of the Ode “Identity Card” Qasida ( Ode) in the Light of Linguistic Approach
ali zaeri

Text linguistics is a modern term referring to the study of linguistic elements of texts. In fact, it is a kind of analysis consisting of various methods and is characterized by its investigation into linguistic elements that are beyond the sentence level as well as the More

Text linguistics is a modern term referring to the study of linguistic elements of texts. In fact, it is a kind of analysis consisting of various methods and is characterized by its investigation into linguistic elements that are beyond the sentence level as well as the relationship among embedded elements of sentences. The present article attempts at exploring text linguistics. Then, it moves on to tap into this field of science in order to have a certain reading of Mahmoud Darwish’s “Identity Card”. Thus, the article first discusses the concept of text linguistics and the way it has been formed, and then goes on to explore its goals, duties, and linguistic elements. Then, it applies text linguistics in practice and on two bases on the ode“Identity Card”; the first basis is interpreting intra-textual coherence based on linguistic contexts and the other is interpreting such a coherence based on non-linguistic elements. The present study reveals that Darwish’s ode enjoys a cohesive and coherent framework and that its components are sequentially linked and intertwined with one another. In addition, techniques utilized in the text are thoroughly in line with the fulfillment of its goals. Therefore, the six stages of ode, which are known as the overall foundations, are completely coherent. Additionally, after breaking each of the overall foundations into smaller parts, we can see that the poet has tapped into a variety of linguistic techniques to improve the text development. Furthermore, linguistic data, such as references, omission, transition, and repetition are vividly seen in the text, which further add to Mahmoud Darwish’s poetic competency. This study also argues that the component textural elements of the ode “Identity Card” are properly inter-related and coherent, resulting in the overall unity of the ode. This unity is based on a coherent thought starting with the title, followed by the introduction, and body and ending in the conclusion, encouraging the reader to keep reading the text.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - A Comparative Study of Attar's Mantegh Al-Tair and Hudhud Mahmoud Darwish's Ode.
Fatemeh Lotfimofradniasari Amir Hosein Rasoulnia Mohamad Seifi

Attar's Mantegh Al-Tair is the story of a group of birds traveling to Mount Qaf led by Hudhud to reach the SimUrQ threshold. In this mystical system, each of the birds represents a group of human beings who travel in search of the truth, and the hardships and sufferings More

Attar's Mantegh Al-Tair is the story of a group of birds traveling to Mount Qaf led by Hudhud to reach the SimUrQ threshold. In this mystical system, each of the birds represents a group of human beings who travel in search of the truth, and the hardships and sufferings of the path cause one to give up one after the other. At the end of the route, the blackbirds reach Mount Qaf and finally realize that Simurq is, in fact, themselves.Contemporary Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish has also portrayed the achievement of an ideal society and the effort to achieve it in mystical poems, calling it Hudhud. Mysticism and Sufism have not been included and only in the ode discussed by the author, that is, the ode of Hudhud has been influenced by mystical ideas. He has finally stated that Mahmoud Darvish in his poems in many cases has common themes with the Persian poet. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A Comparative Critique of Calling Oedib Mythical Character in Contemporary Palestinian Poetry (Relying on two poems by Mahmoud Darwish and Samih Al-Qasim)
ali najafi ivaki elham safari

One of the hallmarks of contemporary Arabic poetry is the reflection of literary heritage in that poetry, while ancient myths occupy a prominent place, so that poets in their poetry offices express their desires and hearts. Social-political activists, with the aim of au More

One of the hallmarks of contemporary Arabic poetry is the reflection of literary heritage in that poetry, while ancient myths occupy a prominent place, so that poets in their poetry offices express their desires and hearts. Social-political activists, with the aim of authenticizing their literary work, have come out of it and exited from enrichment. The present study seeks to describe how the mythical personality of Oedipus came to be and how it was invoked and applied by a descriptive-analytical method in contemporary Arab poetry by two prominent Palestinian poets, Mahmoud Darwish (1941- 2008) and Samih al-Qasim (1939-2014). ) To analyze and critique and finally, drawing on the American model of adaptation, to make a comparative critique of the poets' style of inspiration in the aforementioned myth. It is understood that the aforementioned had a socio-political reading of the aforementioned myth and attempted to induce the audience to use their ancient personality as well as to draw on personal and impersonal concerns through the use of this ancient personality. Challenge themselves and, in turn, challenge the heterogeneous environment of the environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Rereading Quranic Figures in Resistance Poetry of Mahmoud Darwish
Katayoun Fallahi Masoud Bavanpouri

Resistance poetry is full of religious, mythological, and historical symbols which are of great importance in Palestinian resistance poetry. Mahmoud Darwish is one of the great contemporary Arab poets who has used Quran in his poetry. He sometimes uses the Quranic figur More

Resistance poetry is full of religious, mythological, and historical symbols which are of great importance in Palestinian resistance poetry. Mahmoud Darwish is one of the great contemporary Arab poets who has used Quran in his poetry. He sometimes uses the Quranic figures in accordance with Quran text and in another part of his poetries, employs them according to his social- political motivations. His poetries are full of spirit of epic and resistance against Israel and its oppression. The most important of these figures, we can name Cain, Noah, Moses (peace on them), etc., each one is symbol of fight against tyranny and oppression in the poetry of Mahmoud Darwish. The authors of the present paper aimed to express Mahmoud Darwish poetry's' symbolic Quranic figures and their implications through reviewing his poetry and taking advantage of analytical-descriptive method. Manuscript profile

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