Literary genre

Open Access Article

1 - Stylistic Comparison of Satire in Anvari and Motenabi’s Poetry
Naser Bahrami Mohammad Amir Abidinia

Satire is one of the literary devices and a part of poetry in Arabic and Persian poets. Due to the ethical limitations in societies, however, few chose it as their means. As a result, many literary and social aspects of this genre are left unknown and ambiguous while re More

Satire is one of the literary devices and a part of poetry in Arabic and Persian poets. Due to the ethical limitations in societies, however, few chose it as their means. As a result, many literary and social aspects of this genre are left unknown and ambiguous while research in this regard can unveil hidden aspects of the societies. The present study aims comparatively to analyze the satirical similarities and differences in Anwari and Motenabi’s poetry stylistically. Data are analyzed based on content analysis method. It is expected to attain a better understanding about satire and its stylistics and to pave the way for common grounds of satire in comparative literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Assessment of the Effects of the Natural Environment of Khurassan and Shiraz on the Formation and Elevation of Epic and Sonnet
Hajar Jokar Maryam Parhizkari Seyed Jafar Hamidi

Great Khorasan and Persian literature have an irrefrangible linkage. Wherever we talk about literature, poets, authors and great literary works, it is undoubtedly associated with one of the cities of Khorasan. This wide area is considered as a proper place for the growt More

Great Khorasan and Persian literature have an irrefrangible linkage. Wherever we talk about literature, poets, authors and great literary works, it is undoubtedly associated with one of the cities of Khorasan. This wide area is considered as a proper place for the growth, development and evolution of different literary works and literary genres due to its natural properties and special situation. Epic is one of the literary genres embedded in Khorasan, and Tous is considered as the cradle of this ancient literary type. Shiraz is also a city whose name is associated with sonnet and Persian sonnet due to great poets such as Sa’di and Hafiz reached its summit in this city. Khorasan and Shiraz are considered as the best places for formation and elevation of sonnet and epic in Iran. Based on Holy Qoran and Nahjol Belagheh and viewpoints of thinkers such as Ace Sina, Ibn – e Khaldoun, Montesquieu, the present study aims to explore the impact of natural environment of Khorasan and Shiraz on the evolution of sonnet and epic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Persian Sonnet and its Pentration into the literature of German-Speaking Countries: a Comparative Study
Said FiroozAbadi

The main aim of comparative literature is to recognize the intellectual sources and its reflection in literature, and also to discover the common points between human minds. To achieve this, it is not enough to consider the subjective aspect of the works; yet, one needs More

The main aim of comparative literature is to recognize the intellectual sources and its reflection in literature, and also to discover the common points between human minds. To achieve this, it is not enough to consider the subjective aspect of the works; yet, one needs to pay attention to different literary genres and their criteria. This paper tries to examine, comparatively, how sonnet changed and the way it penetrated into the literature of the German-speaking countries. It also attempts to find out the reasons of the German-speaking poets’ interest in this genre.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The aesthetics of popular fiction in Iran
mohsen izadyar niloofar mohamadi

Pulp Fiction is a form of literature that audience, the mass of the people, based on their tastes and interests arises. The aesthetics of popular fiction, a concept which has been less studied by researchers because component called Pulp Fiction, general aspects of each More

Pulp Fiction is a form of literature that audience, the mass of the people, based on their tastes and interests arises. The aesthetics of popular fiction, a concept which has been less studied by researchers because component called Pulp Fiction, general aspects of each story so that when faced with public acceptance; the mind, the subconscious to the point the elite-friendly thinks it's fiction. Authors efforts have been that way descriptive and library method, also known concepts of aesthetics Pulp Fiction to pay this kind of literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Contemporary Ghazal (Sonnet), Lyrical Genre and the Role of Romantic Ghazal; Content Analysis and Current Study
Yahya Talebian Ali Mohammad Mahmoodi

The subject of literary genres and Persian poetry is one of the important debates that has not yet been properly represented or scientifically examined and analyzed. Lyrical literature is the most widely used type or genre in Persian poetry. In the twentieth century and More

The subject of literary genres and Persian poetry is one of the important debates that has not yet been properly represented or scientifically examined and analyzed. Lyrical literature is the most widely used type or genre in Persian poetry. In the twentieth century and following the profound changes in the foundations of contemporary Persian poetry, lyrical poetry appeared in another form called the school of Romanticism. Then, with the loss of old lyrical genres, it has acquired new aspects and structural and content types. Therefore, this qualitative research has reviewed and examined the definitions of lyrical literature and its evolution with a descriptive-analytical method. In another section, the course and extension of lyrical literature in the form of the all-encompassing and "extended" school of Romanticism has been studied and represented. Also, the way Iranian and Western critics and experts perceive this type of literature and its changes have been analyzed in this research. Moreover, due to the change in the view of this type of literature and the elimination of its classical types (satire, riddle, conundrum, habsieh -prison letter, praise, etc.) in contemporary poetry, it is worth researching the connection between the emotional mind of contemporary poetry and romanticism with this type of literature. It is good to know what a new look Romanticism has given to lyrical poetry and what dominant and repetitive developments has created in this type of literature. On the other hand, since Persian ghazal has been considered as a full-fledged mirror of the type of lyrical literature, by studying the lyrical mentality of the new lyric poetry, new and different components should be found in contemporary lyric poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Golshiri's Modernism in the Novel Prince Ehtejab Using Grotesque Elements
Seyd Esmaeil Ghafelebashi Fereshte Sadat Hosseini

Adherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentione More

Adherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentioned perspective, the novel Prince Ehtejab seeks to explore the depths and penetrates the hidden layers of the characters’ minds, discovers and knows oneself and others, and expresses the realities of society by disrupting the continuous order and sequence of time. Moreover, he used the grotesque genre to open his readers’ eyes to truths overlooked in everyday life in the face of reality. In this article, authors have studied modern techniques in this novel using analytical and library research methods and revealed that the novel Prince Ehtejab has been able to indicate the author to be a modernist. Furthermore, given the characteristics of deviation from accepted norms, metamorphosis, induction of a bitter and odious laughter, personification, depiction of madness in a romantic sense, depiction of dark and terrifying locations, description of horrific tortures, and presentation of a bitter death using metaphor and trope, he has illustrated the events occurred to four generations of an ancestry using the grotesque genre. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Towards a Reappraisal of Literary Competence within the Confines of ESL/EFL Classroom
Mohammad Mahdi Sharifi Mohammad Reza Talebinejad Mansour Koosha Akbar Afghari

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Open Access Article

8 - Evaluation and analysis of preaching in Anvari’spoems
MohammadKazem Kahdooyi Samira SediqiMurnani

Owhaded-DinAnvari, is a famous elegist who has earned his fame mostly through the eulogies, But in this form, he has noticed to other different motifsincludingadviceand preaching and wisdom. In this paper, which has done in analytical -descriptive method and library pro More

Owhaded-DinAnvari, is a famous elegist who has earned his fame mostly through the eulogies, But in this form, he has noticed to other different motifsincludingadviceand preaching and wisdom. In this paper, which has done in analytical -descriptive method and library procedure, advices and preachesin Anvari’spoems, their addressees, the way of expressingand contents, wereevaluated and analyzedwith charts. Some of these preaches are satire, question and short wisdom and most of them have not a specific form. Addressees of his preaches are not certain individuals or group of persons; but, rarely in the form of satire in which addressee is a specific person. His preachesand advices can be categorized on the basis of content and motif, as following: 1- Ethical preaches (in doing virtues and observing them) 2- Ethical preaches (in prevention and cessation of vices) 3- Social preaches 4-Time, the heavenand the world in Anvari’s preaching 5- preaches related to religionand God.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Literary genres and poetic concepts in Attar's poems
Mohammad Reza Sarfi mahsa Esfandiari

Each literary genre can contain other genres. Attars   poems  have  different concepts and meanings as well as didactic aspect. Being aware of concepts and literary genres of these works and whether a frequency of a literary genres and  special& More

Each literary genre can contain other genres. Attars   poems  have  different concepts and meanings as well as didactic aspect. Being aware of concepts and literary genres of these works and whether a frequency of a literary genres and  special  poetic concept are identical in all poems  necessitate the investigating of these works team the literary genres point of view. Twenty-eight literary genres and poetic concepts were found by  investigating  and carful studying of four poems of attar  (elahi nam-e ,asrar nam-e,manteq-al-teir,mosibat nam-e) and as a resalt the exact statistics of each kinds and concepts in each poem and also overlapping of them with each other  were concluded. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - A sociological study of the causes of children's and adolescents' tendencies towards various genres of fictional literature ( adolescents in Isfahan, 2018)
nazfar nazem

The purpose of this study is to discuss the literary tendency of adolescents using an interpretive approach and by reaching to ideas of conducted studies is trying to present a comprehensive picture of the causes and factors of the socio-cultural grounds that changes th More

The purpose of this study is to discuss the literary tendency of adolescents using an interpretive approach and by reaching to ideas of conducted studies is trying to present a comprehensive picture of the causes and factors of the socio-cultural grounds that changes the status of the study and literary tendency of adolescents. Therefore, a basis theory is used to discuss the literary tendency of adolescents by the experts of youngsters’ study. A sample of 23 experts of youngsters of (12-17 years) were chosen by target and theoretical sampling method and after gaining their trust, the required information was collected through semi-structured interviewing. The data analysis was conducted through a three-step coding method.The findings show that situational conditions such as youngsters’ age, family cultural consumption and socialization have turned the study into an interim and problematic issue that has spread in areas such as cultural and socio-economic, barriers and adolescence and in terms of interventionism of media domination, the book alongside the film and the advancement of adolescent information literacy lead youngsters’ tendency to translated books of emotional, humor and fantasy genres. The consequences of this issue are a questioning lifestyle, multiple identities, and youthful reaction.Result: Approving youngsters as one the significant social groups can decrease their social problems and helps the authorities who plan cultural policies for this age group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Re-description of Spiritual Journey in Fictional Literature: (The Case Study: Tuesdays with Morrie)
Leila Hāshemiyān Nasrin Nisi

Spiritual journey (suluk) has been noticed in fictions from classic to modern age, and it has been put forward in all countries with different literary styles. Many books have paid attention to spiritual journey of man towards God and have re-described it. Tuesdays with More

Spiritual journey (suluk) has been noticed in fictions from classic to modern age, and it has been put forward in all countries with different literary styles. Many books have paid attention to spiritual journey of man towards God and have re-described it. Tuesdays with Morrie, by American author Mitch Albom, is a story that entertains the levels of perfection in a real-fictional context. In the present article, by using descriptive and library methods, mystical motifs and topics that definitely are foundation of the process of a spiritual journey (suluk) are considered and compared with traditional mysticisms. We have come to the conclusion that the process of spiritual journey (suluk) has transformed in the mind of the author. The concepts, like old man, awakening and consciousness, have definite meaning in classic mysticism, but in the modern age, while keeping the same meanings, they have been presented in new form and style. In the present article, the stages of spiritual journey of the main character of the story have been classified, and it has been emphasized on capacities of contemporary fictional literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Samak-e Ayyār: A Literary Analysis
خورشید نوروزی

    Samak-e Ayyār is an ancient fictional story about an Iranian ayyār (a warrior who has courage and chivalry) first told orally by Sādaqa b. Abūl-Qāsim Shirāzi, then Collected and writting down by Farāmarz Ibn Khodādād Arrajāni in the 12th Century (6th Cen More

    Samak-e Ayyār is an ancient fictional story about an Iranian ayyār (a warrior who has courage and chivalry) first told orally by Sādaqa b. Abūl-Qāsim Shirāzi, then Collected and writting down by Farāmarz Ibn Khodādād Arrajāni in the 12th Century (6th Century AH). Samak-e Ayyar is described as a popular romance, while some consider it an epic. The present article tries to analyze Samak-e Ayyār by taking into account the two literary genres, romance and epic.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Instances of Cultural Exchange between Arab and Western Literature
Ali Saberi

Literary interactions, as a means of cultural exchange, were established between the Arab and Western writers and poets in two different steps; the first step was embracing of the literary works of oriental writers and poets in the West; such works as a Thousand and One More

Literary interactions, as a means of cultural exchange, were established between the Arab and Western writers and poets in two different steps; the first step was embracing of the literary works of oriental writers and poets in the West; such works as a Thousand and One Nights, Panchatantra, Maqamah, and musical structure of Arab poem were imitated in the West, thereby forming a bridge between Eastern and Western literature. And the second stage was imitation of Western literature by Arab writers, which resulted in the emergence of new literary genres in Arab literature; playwriting, epic poetry, short story, and modernist poetry, as well as modern literary schools that were unprecedented in the Arab literature so became popular among Arab literary writers. Such cultural interaction has always resulted in development and flourishing of literature of different nations in the world, so much so that the world literature can be said to be the product of a process of ongoing exchange between different nations. Artistic interactions have long been one of the means to establish cultural exchange between different nations; of arts, literature, as a branch of verbal art, has plays a significant role in such an auspicious interaction. It is obvious that flourishing of world literature and cultural richness of the nations is indebted to such beautiful human art. Therefore, this paper tries to study the cultural interactions between Western and Arab literature in two steps: effect of Arab literature on Western literature and vice versa with a view to different literary genres. Although there were many works by writers and criticisms that were relevant to this study, the focus here was on those effects in literary works that are considered as innovation in the influenced literature, but as imitation from perspective of the influencing literature. However, such influence can be a cultural exchange, which can fertilize the influenced literature. In this paper, effects of Arab literature on Western and vice versa are studied in two steps. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Genre and Aesthetic Essence in Drama and Screen Play
Abbas Baghi Nezhad

Abstract Both drama and screen play can be deemed either as literary genres or artistic types. Due to their linguistic structures as well as the linguistic capacity and rhetorical artifice implemented in the content by writers, drama and screen play are categorized as More

Abstract Both drama and screen play can be deemed either as literary genres or artistic types. Due to their linguistic structures as well as the linguistic capacity and rhetorical artifice implemented in the content by writers, drama and screen play are categorized as literary types in a fashion that both of them are regarded as a literary genre and a type of prose. In effect, it is the textual dramatic capacity, dramatic diction, and the rendering of the dramatic words into objective symbols and emblems that delineate the discrepancy between works of drama and screen play and other literary genres. Although drama and screen play do not have a long history in Iran, they have gained such a stature that a great deal of contemporary competent writers have been dealing with writing them. Accordingly, despite their dramatic and artistic affiliation with the realm of theater and cinema, these literary genres, together with their specific styles of writing, maintain a highly significant status in contemporary Iranian literature. This study surveys the background of drama and screen writing in Iran in order to investigate analytically the essence of these two literary genres. Correspondingly, the confluence, similarities and dissimilarities between these two genres and other types of art and literature have been explored. Manuscript profile

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