List of Articles Latent Variable

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - IMPACT OF CONSTRAINTS AND CREDIT ON THE PROBABILITY OF PARTICIPATION: EVIDENCE FROM FISH PRODUCERS IN NIGERIA
  Job Nmadu Bukola__Oluwatobi__Oyediran Bukola__Oluwatobi__Oyediran Halima Sallawu
  The study involved 643 fish value chain actors in Niger and Kebbi States in Nigeria from whom data were collected between April 2022 and February 2023 via structured questionnaire and analysed using Garrett ranking, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and regression. Th More

  The study involved 643 fish value chain actors in Niger and Kebbi States in Nigeria from whom data were collected between April 2022 and February 2023 via structured questionnaire and analysed using Garrett ranking, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and regression. These two states have access to Rivers Niger, Shiroro and Kaduna and their various tributaries. From the results obtained, 48 variables out of the 65 described by the actors were considered a constraint based on the mean and five latent factors were determined and the values retrieved for further analysis. The latent variables exhibited positive bi-directional relationship between one another which is an indication that the factors are not isolated occurrences. From the propensity score matching (PSM) and regression, a number of policy variables were obtained which may call for further investigation but needs to be adequately addressed. Particularly, the tendency of low probability of participation in the face of low educational acquisition. There is also a very strong indication that the actors are conducting their businesses with low capital which has further devalue the level of participation. Ultimately, doing business with adequate capital can increase participation by up to 15% and as such, can increase outputs, income, profits and enhance livelihoods. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Structural Equation Modeling and its Application in Sport Sciences
  hossein sepasi
  Structural equation modeling (SEM) is considered as an advanced statistical tool that helps the researchers to test different theories especially in sport management and human resource management studies .Recently, SEM has been widely used and some methodologists call i More

  Structural equation modeling (SEM) is considered as an advanced statistical tool that helps the researchers to test different theories especially in sport management and human resource management studies .Recently, SEM has been widely used and some methodologists call it as second generation tool for analyzing statistical data. SEM uses different symbols to identify the intended variables used in the model. These symbols play very important role for those who are willing to understand the basics and use SEM concepts to analyze their data. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to provide information for the users to understand the basics for applying SEM in their studies. In order to thoroughly understand the basics, this paper tries to provide the users, especially doctoral students, simple example in terms of organizational behavior. SEM is a value-able statistical tool for analyzing the data and is considered as one of the most advanced technique that can be used for analyzing the research data. Manuscript profile