Inroduction & Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common pathogenic bacterium in the genus Klebsiella. Every year, about 2 million children under the age of 5 die from pneumonia. Due to the acquired and inherent resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated agai More
Inroduction & Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common pathogenic bacterium in the genus Klebsiella. Every year, about 2 million children under the age of 5 die from pneumonia. Due to the acquired and inherent resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated against a wide range of antibiotics, its control and treatment appear to be critical. The aim of the present study was to use Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in vaccine design the LPS antigen of Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1. So far, no work has been done on this strain of bacteria to make the PLGA-LPS vaccine. In the study, the results obtained from the tested mice showed that the mice were vaccinated. Immunized and titrated antibodies of IgM 315 cfu / well, IgG 321 cfu / well, and SIgA 365 cfu / well, elevated and in mice with invasion factor in patients and spleen and lung tissues, number of people compared to unvaccinated mice Is. Has gone to zero.Material and Method: In the present study, the LPS antigen was extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae K2O1 by centrifugation and detoxified with phenol.Then the LPS antigen was conjugated to polylactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to confirm conjugation with nanoparticles. To evaluate endotoxin of the vaccine designed Tested by Limolus amoebocyte lysate assay (LAL test). success of antigen and nanoparticles conjugates based on the size and charge of antigen-containing nanoparticles was confirmed by the zetasizer.Results: FT-IR results the shape of the corresponding peaks confirmed the presence of antigen-functional groups in the nanoparticle structure and the formation of bonds. AFM microscopic images of nanoparticles containing LPS antigen and nanoparticles before conjugation showed an increase in the binding sites of nanoparticles after conjugated. Change from initial sharpness to puffiness after conjugation proved the success of antigen transport by nanoparticles. Fever was not observed in rabbits and mortality was confirmed in BALB/C mice.Conclusion: The results showed that the vaccine was effective in immunogenicity and therefore suggested as a candidate for an effective vaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Background & Objectives: Increasing antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has become a major global concern today. The mechanism of the food supply through iron supply through Siderophores is one of the most important factors in the adaptation of More
Background & Objectives: Increasing antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has become a major global concern today. The mechanism of the food supply through iron supply through Siderophores is one of the most important factors in the adaptation of bacteria to adverse conditions. The study of the frequency of the presence of Siderophore genes in clinical isolates provides a high understanding of the mechanism of bacterial resistance. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the frequency of antibiotic resistance in isolates containing the Siderophore gene.
Materials & Methods: Clinical samples were collected from hospitalized patients including respiratory, wound, urinary, and blood samples. Biochemical tests were performed to isolate the bacteria. A molecular sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was performed to confirm Acinetobacter baumannii strains and to evaluate the presence of target genes. Microbial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI instructions and the relationship between microbial resistance and expression of Siderophore genes in isolates was investigated.
Results: According to PCR results, out of 64 isolates identified by biochemical tests, 28 isolates (43.75%) were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii. All 28 isolated isolates (100%) had LPS genes and 15 isolates (53.57%) had Siderophore gene with 93.3% resistance to Carbapenems and 26.6% to Colistin sulfate and antibiotics. Were identified as XDR and MDR strains.
Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of Siderophore and LPS genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains are worrisome and require infection control measures including management of antibiotics and rapid identification of resistant isolates.
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common microbial pathogens with antibiotic resistance in causing respiratory infections in patients admitted to the ICU. Making a vaccine can be one of the effective ways to combat this infection. This study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of PLGA nanop More
common microbial pathogens with antibiotic resistance in causing respiratory infections in patients admitted to the ICU. Making a vaccine can be one of the effective ways to combat this infection. This study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of PLGA nanoparticles containing detoxified lipopolysaccharide (D-LPS) of Acinetobacter baumannii as a vaccine in mouse lung infection. Müller Hinton Broth culture medium was used for mass propagation of bacteria. Bacterial LPS was extracted by hot water-phenol method and detoxified with 0.2M NaOH. Encapsulation of detoxified LPS in PLGA particles was performed by Double emulsion solvent evaporation (Water/Oil/Water emulsion). The prepared particles were between 150 and 200 nm in diameter with a negative surface charge. Forty Balb/C mice were randomly divided into four groups of 10 (control, PLGA-receiving group, D-LPS-receiving group, and PLGA-D-LPS-receiving group). All groups were vaccinated three times at intervals of 14 days. On day 35, live bacteria were delivered to the groups through the lungs, and after 48 hours, the mice’s lungs were removed for bacteriological and histopathological studies. Culture of homogenized extract of lung tissue showed a significant difference between group 4 and other groups. (P <0.05) Histological study also showed the protective effect of PLGA nanoparticles containing detoxified LPS. This study showed that PLGA particles containing detoxified LPS of Acinetobacter baumannii were successful in stimulating the immune system of mice and could be used as a vaccine..
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