Khajeh Shamsoddin Mohammad, known as Hafiz Shirazi, is one of the unparalleled poets in Persian literature, whose poetry has been the focus of people of common and high rank for so many years. It is said that in the course of history no Persian poet's work has been so w More
Khajeh Shamsoddin Mohammad, known as Hafiz Shirazi, is one of the unparalleled poets in Persian literature, whose poetry has been the focus of people of common and high rank for so many years. It is said that in the course of history no Persian poet's work has been so widely circulated and popularized. Hafiz has developed and mastered a unique and sublime diction. By virtue of his wit and originality, Hafiz has not only given distinctive color to his diction, but has coined such original poetic vocabulary that impresses all his audience and encourages them to emulate the eloquent style to enrich their works. Among the most frequent terms in Hafiz are certain compound words based on ‘pir or old’, in such terms as Pire Kharabat, Pire Moghan, Pire Meykhane, and Pire Meykade, which literally mean an old wine-seller or tavern-keeper. This article compares the use of these terms and their stylistic and thematic function in the works of Hafiz and Kurd poets.
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For numerous reasons Kharabat and its special position in sun-worship has not been studied from lexical view and a comprehensive independent meaning has not been defined for it.
The incomprehensibility or in another word not to get to the bottom of the subject has cau More
For numerous reasons Kharabat and its special position in sun-worship has not been studied from lexical view and a comprehensive independent meaning has not been defined for it.
The incomprehensibility or in another word not to get to the bottom of the subject has caused that everybody analyzes and criticizes it. Historical evolution and lexical development of this word shows that Kharabat has been in fact "Khourabe" in Mithraism that through passing difficult stages the seeker has reached it.
After Islam and Gnosticism and Sufism emergence this word manifested in gnostic and literary works by numerous frequencies and it found its way into calender literature so that everybody interpreted it by its own apprehension and unfortunately this word encountered deviation which is different from its special position in Mithraism; and unfortunately it was in general defined as bar and place of pleasure and undiscerning persons thought that purpose of Kharabat is this negative aspect, while such Gnostics as Shabestary, Sanaee, Hafez and so on paid attention to its essence and spoke about a lot.
So in present paper the author tries to explain that what is the original meaning of Kharabat and how did it change and that how much various views of researchers in different aspects can have effect on a general totaling in order to achieve to Kharabat meaning
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Mystical poetry has a long history in the Persian literature. Poets and writers in order to make their work eternal have made use of this genre in the Persian literature. Mystical contents and concepts of knowledge have combined with Persian rhythmic words to express ae More
Mystical poetry has a long history in the Persian literature. Poets and writers in order to make their work eternal have made use of this genre in the Persian literature. Mystical contents and concepts of knowledge have combined with Persian rhythmic words to express aesthetically the intended meaning of poets and this process still has continued to the present time. The most important element in the mysticism is the existence of an old assistant who helps the wayfarer. different types of old assistants have been mentioned in Saeb’s Divan such as Pire Moghan, Pire Meykadeh , Pire Kharabat, Pire Meyforoosh, etc. by studying these types of old assistants, we can understand the attitude of Saeb towards mysticism and different stages of it. Whether these old assistants to be made-up by Saeb himself or an real old assistant in the real world, we can investigate them to understand better the relationship between Saeb’s poetry and mysticism. The present paper is used the analytical- descriptive method to distinguish different types of old assistants in Saeb’s poetry and study their characteristics from Saeb’s point of view. Studying the attributes of old assistants could be an innovative way in the field of research in the Persian literature.
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