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        1 - Effect of Intensity and Volume of Exercise Training on Serum Levels of Ceruloplasmin and Malondialdehyde in Elite Handball Player Girls
        zahra mehregan Najmeh Rezaeian
        Introduction: Imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system leads to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus four weeks of aerobic tr More
        Introduction: Imbalance between the production of free radicals and the antioxidant defense system leads to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus four weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of ceruloplasmin and malondialdehyde in elite handball player girls.Methods: Thirty young handball player girls (mean aged 16.85±1.4 years), with four years of membership in handball team of North Khorasan province, were selected and randomly divided into two groups of training and one control group. Subjects in experimental groups participated in four weeks of HIIT [running at intensity of 95-90 percentage of maximum heart rate and resting intervals of 1-3 minutes running at 60-50 percentage of maximum heart rate] and aerobic training (running at 50-70 percentage of maximum heart rate, 45-60 minutes per session), three sessions per week. The blood samples were taken factors before and 48 hours after last training session to assess blood factors. Data analysis was done by One-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and Pearson correlation, and P<0.05 considered significant.Results: Serum levels of MDA decreased significantly following aerobic training (P=0.044). Moreover, weight (P=0.009), body mass index (BMI) (P=0.002) and body fat percent (P=0.036) decreased significantly following HIIT. Furthermore, aerobic training resulted in significant decline in weight (P=0.008), BMI (P=0.015) and body fat percent (P=0.013).Conclusion: It seems that the volume of training influences on serum levels of MDA; however, ceruloplasmin levels was affected by neither intensity nor volume of training. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training with a Double and Flat Pyramid Pattern on the Speed, Endurance, Agility and Explosive Power of Untrained Handball Players in the Covid-19
        Priya Rashidni Lotfali Bolboli Ebrahim Piri
        Introduction and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training with a double and flat pyramid pattern on the speed, endurance, agility and explosive power of non-training handball players in the Covid-19. Mater More
        Introduction and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training with a double and flat pyramid pattern on the speed, endurance, agility and explosive power of non-training handball players in the Covid-19. Materials and methods: This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the present study includes the handball players of Zanjan province who did not exercise for at least 6 months during the Corona era. The statistical sample of this study was randomly selected from among 36 athletes and they were divided into three groups of 12 people (double pyramid group, flat pyramid group and control group). The exercise program of the flat and double pyramid groups was carried out for eight weeks (three sessions per week), respectively, with a training intensity of 60% and 80% of one maximum repetition. Shapiro-Wilk statistical test was used for the normality of data distribution. Correlated t-test and ANOVA were used to compare intra-group and inter-group averages. Results: The results showed that the endurance records of 5000 meters and 4 x 9 meters of untrained handball players decreased by 13.21% and 16.48%, respectively (P/>05). In addition, the explosive power of the subjects during the Sargent jump (in cm) from the pre-test to the post-test stage increased by 15.34% (P=0.021).Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that strength training with a double pyramid pattern has been effective in improving the agility, explosive power of lower limbs and endurance of untrained athletes. Manuscript profile