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  1 - The Confiscation of Property in the Abbasid Era; its Political and Economic Aims and Performances
  Mahdi Qorbani Hesari Ebrahim Mousapour Besheli Qanbarali Roodgar
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  References Balādhurī, Ansāb al- Ashrāf, Revised by ʿAbd al- ʿAzīz al- Dawrī, Vol. 4, Beirut, German Orientalists, 1978/ 1356. Bayhaḳī, Tārīkh-i Bayhaḳī, Edited by Khalil Khatib Rahbar, (Vol. 3), (4th ed.), Tehran, Intishārāt-i Mahtāb, 1374/ 1995. Bosworth, Clifford Edmund, Tārīkh-i Ghaznawiyyān (The Ghaznavids), trans. Hassan Anushah, Vol. 2, Tehran, Amīr Kabīr, 1385/ 2006. Bosworth, “Musadara”, “Mustakhridj”, EI2, Vol. VII, 1993. Bouvat, Lucien, Barmakiyyān Binā- bar Riwayat-i Muwarrikhān-i Arāb wa Iranī(Les Barmécides d'après les historiens arabes et persans), Trans. Abdol Hossein Meykadeh, (Vol. 5), Tehran, ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, 1388/ 2009. Boyle, John Andrew, Tārīkh-i Iran Cambridge( Vol.) az Āmadan-i Saldjuḳiyyān tā Furū- Pāsh-yi Dawlat- Īlkhān(The Cambridge History of Iran), Trans. Hassan Anushah, (6th. ed.), Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 2006/ 1385. Cahen, Claude, Kabir, M., Buwiyhiyān, Trans. Yaghoub Azhand, (4th. ed.), Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 1382/ 2003. 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Lane- Poole, Stanley, Tabaḳat-i Salāṭīn-i Islām bā Djadāwil-i Tārīkhī wa Nasab- hā-yi Iyshān ba Ḍamīma-yi Muḳaddamāt-i Tārikh-yi Rādji ba har Sisila, (The Mohammedan dynasties. Chronological and genealogical tables with historical introductions), Trans. Abbas Eqbal Ashtiani, Tehran, Asāṭīr, 1390/2011. Lambton, Ann Katharine Swynford, Siyrī dar Tārīkh-i Iran Bad az Islām, Trans. Yaghoub Azhand, (4th. ed.), Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 1391/ 2012. Ibid, Tadāwum wa Taḥawwul dar Tārīkh-i Miyana Iran, Trans. Yaghoub Azhand, (4th. ed.), Tehran, Nashr-i Niy, 1392/ 2013. Lambton, “DIVAN”, EI2, Vol. II, 1991. Levy, “MUSADARA”, EI1, 1913-1936. Malayeri, Muhammad Mahdi, Tārīkh wa Farhang-i Iran dar Dawrān-i Intiḳal az Aṣr-i Sāsānī bih Aṣr-i Islāmī, Vol. 6, Tehran, Tūs, 1379/ 2000. Metz, Adam, Tamaddun-i Islāmī dar Ḳarn-i čahārum-i Hidjrī yā (Runisāns-i Islāmī)(The renaissance of Islam), Trans. Ali Reza Zekavati Gharagozlou, (5th. ed.), Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 1393/ 2014. 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Ibid, Tārīkh-i Iran dar Ḳurūn Nukhustīn-i Islāmī(Iran : in Fruh-Islamischer zeit), Trans. Javad Flatoori & Maryam Mir Ahmadi, (2st. ed.), Vol.4, Tehran, Intishārat-i ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, 1994/ 1373. Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Djarīr, Tārikh al- umam l- Mulūk, Tārīkh al- Ṭabarī, (Vol. 11), (2st. ed.), Beirut, Rawāʾiʿ al- Turāth al- ʿArabī, 1387/ 2008. Tatawī, Ḳāḍī Aḥmad, Ḳazwīnī, Āṣif Khan, Tārīkh-i Alifī, (Vol. 8), Tehran, Intishārat-i ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, 1382/ 2002. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, (Tehran) “Barmakiyyan”, “Tādjir”, “Kharādj”, “Dīwān”, Electronic Publishing. V. Kremer & A. Freiherrm, Uber Das Einnahmebudget Des Abbasiden Reiches Vom Jahre 306 H. (918-919), Wien, 1887. Digitized by Google. Yaḥyā b. Ādam, Kitab al- Kharādj, Revised by Husayn Mūnis, (1st. ed.), Dār al- Sharḳ, 1987/1365. Yaʿḳūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿḳūb b. Wāḍiḥ, Tārīkh-i Yaūbī, Trans. Mohammad Ebrahim Ayati, (6th. ed.), Tehran, Intishārāt-i ʿilmī wa Farhangī, 1371/ 1992. Zarrinkoob, Abdolhossein, Tārikh-i Iran Bad az Islām, (12th. ed.), Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 1387/ 2008. Zaydan, Jurji, Tārīkh Tamaddun-i Islām, Trans.Ali Javaher Kalam, (12th. ed.), Tehran, Amīrkabīr, 1386/ 2007.   The confiscation of delinquent official’s properties for their punishment was started from the early Islamic era, certainly, during Umar reign. The benefits of that persuaded the caliphs to count on the confiscation as a temporary and sometime permanent income source and thereby they established institutions and even dewans to inquest about those properties. In the present paper, the financial reliance of Abbasid caliphate on this source and consequently, the role of confiscation of property in controlofthe wealth and powerof elites have been surveyed     Manuscript profile