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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Evaluation on Morphological Characters of European Mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Orth.: Gryllotalpidae) in the North-west of Iran
        M.H. Kazemi Sh. Jafari H.A. Lotfalizadeh M. Mashhadi-Jafarloo
        The European mole cricket is considered to be of the most important insect pests of Iran, especially in Azerbaijan province. Its damage in some area economically is very high. In this study, morphological characteristics, including the length of various parts of the pes More
        The European mole cricket is considered to be of the most important insect pests of Iran, especially in Azerbaijan province. Its damage in some area economically is very high. In this study, morphological characteristics, including the length of various parts of the pest body, were evaluated. Analyzing of the size of fore and hind wings results of the adults in this species, showed that there were seasonal dimorphism as long-winged (L.W.) and short-winged (S.W.) among the insects. Based on the literature available seasonal dimorphism in this species is the first report in the world, and probably each morph of this species is various in different both in the biology and behavior. Sexual dimorphism can be distinguished by study pattern of venation in the forewings of sexes. One of the important characteristics in distinguishing mole cricket species is arrangement spines in the fore and hind tibia where their numbers and sizes of these spines in various species are different. The fore tibia of insect has four wide and strong dactyls in its apex, but lateral margin of the hind tibia armed with five sharp spines with seven spines at the end of its tibia.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Stridulation in European mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) a north-western population of Iran
        Mohammad Hossein Kazemi Shabnam Jafari Hosseinali Lotfalizadeh Mohammad Jafarloo Nader Vahdani Manaf
        Acoustic system has an important role in communication and behavior of several of insects. In mole crickets, acoustic signals are used for intraspecific communications. It is an important part of their reproductive system that temporal patterns and frequency components More
        Acoustic system has an important role in communication and behavior of several of insects. In mole crickets, acoustic signals are used for intraspecific communications. It is an important part of their reproductive system that temporal patterns and frequency components of these songs are species specific. Males of the European mole cricket, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Linnaeus, 1758) stridulate by rubbing of their forewings to each other. In this process, the scraper on the posterior margin of the forewing is rubbed by a file bearing 84-90 pegs in the population studied. The stridulatory pegs are placed under surface of the Cu2 vein. Base on results of the present study males excavate an acoustic chamber for sound production. These burrows have one entrance to the soil surface. They were horn shaped and this special pattern amplifies the sound. Each acoustic burrow terminates to two or three horizontal tunnels. Males called for approximately half an hour (ranged 15–46 min) typically. This can often be heard on warm evenings of the spring and attracts the females for mating. Manuscript profile