The gross calorific value (GCV) or heating value of a sample of fuel is one of the important properties which defines the energy of the fuel. Many researchers have proposed empirical formulas for estimating GCV value of coal. There are some known methods like Bomb Calor More
The gross calorific value (GCV) or heating value of a sample of fuel is one of the important properties which defines the energy of the fuel. Many researchers have proposed empirical formulas for estimating GCV value of coal. There are some known methods like Bomb Calorimeter for determining the GCV in the laboratory. But these methods are cumbersome, costly and time consuming. In this paper, multivariate regression analysis and Co-active neuro-fuzzy inference system (CANFIS) backed by genetic algorithm technique is used for the prediction of GCV, taking all the major constituents of the proximate and ultimate analyses properties as input parameters and the suitability of one technique over the other has been proposed based on the results. Correlations have been developed using multivariate regression analysis that are simple to use based on the proximate and ultimate analysis of data sets from 25 different states of USA because a very through study has been done and the data available is less variable. Also, CANFIS backed by genetic algorithm model is designed to predict the GCV of 4540 US coal samples from the abovementioned datasets. Optimization of the network architecture is done using a systematic approach (genetic algorithm). The network was trained with 4371, cross validation with 100, predicted with rest 69 datasets and the predicted results were compared with the observed values. The mean average percentage error in prediction is found to be negligible (0.2913%) and the generalization capability of the model was established to be excellent. A useful concept of sensitivity analysis is adopted to set the hierarchy of influence of input factors. The results of the present investigation provide functional and vital information for prediction of GCV of any type of coal in USA.
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Chronogram defined as an inscription,sentence,or phrase in which letters express a date or epoch being added together by their values. This technique has been converted to complicated forms due to its progress during Safavid empire and Kajar period. Hence it became the More
Chronogram defined as an inscription,sentence,or phrase in which letters express a date or epoch being added together by their values. This technique has been converted to complicated forms due to its progress during Safavid empire and Kajar period. Hence it became the point of attention and preoccupation among different political parties. They put upon it directly in the historical evolutions in order to prove their legitimacy as well as to deny their opponents. Auther of this study has been attempted to examine parts of those historical evolutions namelyadvence of Safavid empire,accession of Shah Ismaiel,formation of Shah Tahmasb army,conquring of India in Shah abbas period,accession of Nadir Shah and signing of Mashrutah constitution. As revealed by the author, most of the above mentioned evolutions indirectly express several hidden social and historical issues. The focal point is that probably they can be used for various historical analysis according to the codeswitching theory.
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The present research attempts to investigate the social processes of many Western values among Yazd youth. One of the important issues that arise in the discussion of media and virtual social media is the effects of the entry of Western values into everyday life. the pr More
The present research attempts to investigate the social processes of many Western values among Yazd youth. One of the important issues that arise in the discussion of media and virtual social media is the effects of the entry of Western values into everyday life. the present study is based on the use of the qualitative approach and grounded theory method, and through theoretical sampling, 22 young people active in Virtual Space (microinfluverser) were selected and studied in Yazd. Data were collected through the study of sources and interviews with experts and technical notes. After refining the initial code, the findings were presented in the form of a story line (including 14 main categories and one core category) and a paradigmatic model. The results of the study, Western values have created new chances for young people. To the extent that their cultural, social and family affections are affected. In such a situation, the subjective and objective world of the participants is constantly engaged in redefinition of the new values that they have received, and their confrontation with these values have different strategies and implications, such as Western epoch, aesthetic management, collage of transnational friendships, constraints on fashion and Gravity and repulsive of immigration for them.
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The Phenomenology of Religion was introduced as an academic discipline since the early twentieth century. Therefore, it is a new discipline, and researchers are disagree about its exact meaning. According to Bleeker, the phenomenology of religion is used in three ways: More
The Phenomenology of Religion was introduced as an academic discipline since the early twentieth century. Therefore, it is a new discipline, and researchers are disagree about its exact meaning. According to Bleeker, the phenomenology of religion is used in three ways: 1) the regulation and systematization of religious phenomena. 2) Typology of different types of religions. 3) Research in the structures and meanings of religious phenomena. In his opinion, the third meaning more accurately reveals the phenomenological nature of religion. Also, it is necessary to distinguish between the phenomenology of religion as a method and phenomenology of religion as an independent discipline. Phenomenology as a method is based on two principles of epoché and the eidetic vision, and is applicable in other disciplines. Phenomenology as an independent science pursuing a triple purpose: 1) Theōria, which shows the religious implications of various phenomena. 2) Logos, which reveals the internal logic of religious beliefs and practices. 3) Entelecheia, which explains how religions change in a certain direction. Contrary to the views of phenomenologists of religion, including Bleeker, their approach is faced with serious challenges and doubts, and their consolidation requires critical rethinking.
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