List of Articles Embryogenesis

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  1 - Somatic embryogenesis from stem segment of Hyoscyamus arachnoideus Pojark. and qualitative and quantitative evaluation of proteins during different stages of it
  mahdis Ebrahimzadeh mehlgha Ghorbanli hasan Ebrahimzadeh
  The Hyoscyamus genus has been always regarded because of the therapeutic effects and its contained tropan alkaloids. Utilizing genetic engineering methods for production of plants for production of plant belonging to this genus with higher medical values and propagation More

  The Hyoscyamus genus has been always regarded because of the therapeutic effects and its contained tropan alkaloids. Utilizing genetic engineering methods for production of plants for production of plant belonging to this genus with higher medical values and propagation of this plant in a fast and cost-effective manner is very important. Somatic embryogenesis is a great help in this field. The aim of the current study is to gain knowledge about mechanism of somatic embryogenesis via protein changes' assessment in different stages of embryo formation. In this study stem culture on MS medium containing BAP and IAA lead to embryogenesis. Quantitative protein evaluation in different stages of embryo development showed changes in protein content. The qualitative evaluation of protein was performed using electrophoresis of two types of polyacryl amide gel in discontinued system (PAGE and SDS-PAGE). Molecular mass of peptide as well as peptide separated bonds were calculated, and it cleared that during embryogenesis different proteins and peptides undergo up-regulation, down-regulation and modulation. In addition, main and fundamental proteins and peptides were known. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The effect of different hormone combinations on direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis in Agave americana
  Maryam Nazir Shahab Sadat Mehdi Soltani Howyzeh
  10.30495/ijpp.2019.664579
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  3 - القای کالوس و باززایی دو گونه داوودی (Chrysanthemum morifolium و C. coccineum) از طریق اندام‌زایی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم و تحلیل پایداری ژنتیکی آنها با استفاده از نشانگرهای مولکولی IRAP، ISSR و SCoT
  Fardin Nasri Hedayat Zakizadeh Yavar Vafaee Ali Akbar Mozafari
  در این تحقیق، تکثیر درون شیشه­ای داوودی گونه C. morifolium ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و گونه بومی (C. coccineum) از طریق اندام زایی مستقیم، غیر مستقیم و جنین زایی غیرجنسی گزارش شده است. BAP در غلظت­های صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر و NAA د More

  در این تحقیق، تکثیر درون شیشه­ای داوودی گونه C. morifolium ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و گونه بومی (C. coccineum) از طریق اندام زایی مستقیم، غیر مستقیم و جنین زایی غیرجنسی گزارش شده است. BAP در غلظت­های صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر و NAA در غلظت­های صفر، 05/0، 1/0 و 2/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر جهت القای اندام­زایی مستقیم و غیر مستقیم در ریزنمونه­های نوک شاخه­های انتهایی استفاده شد. جهت مطالعه القای کالوس و جنین زایی غیرجنسی، ریزنمونه­های جوان برگ بر روی محیط کشت MS حاوی BAP (صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و 2و4-دی (صفر، 1، 2 و 3 میلی­گرم در لیتر) کشت شدند. باززایی مستقیم شاخه از ریزنمونه­های نوک شاخه­های انتهایی ارقام ’هما‘ و ’دلکش‘ و همچنین در گونه بومی C. coccineum مشاهده شد. بالاترین تعداد شاخه­ها از طریق اندام­زایی مستقیم (78/13 و 89/8 شاخه در هر ریزنمونه به ترتیب برای  C. coccineumو ’هما‘) با 2 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP و 05/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر NAA مشاهده شد. در هر دو گونه، بالاترین فراوانی تشکیل کالوس و جنین­زایی روی محیط کشت حاوی 2 میلی­گرم در لیتر 2و4-دی و 2 میلی­گرم در لیتر BAP بدست آمد. پایداری ژنتیکی 10 گیاه سازگار یافته حاصل از اندام­زایی مستقیم از هر گونه با استفاده از6  پرایمر از  نشانگرهای مولکولی (IRAP, ISSR, SCoT) به اثبات رسید. در کل 56، 56 و 39 قطعه برای IRAP، ISSR و SCoT به­ترتیب تکثیر شدند. در کل، نتایج ما نشان داد که یافتن عکس­العمل بهتر ریزنمونه­ها به جنین­زایی یا اندام­زایی در یک رقم ویژه و با یک ترکیب هورمونی و غلظت­های آن­ها نقش مهمی را در کارآیی تکثیر درون شیشه­ای گونه­های داوودی، بازی می­کند. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Some Useful Information about Micropropagation
  Behzad Kaviani
  This review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of More

  This review article investigates a comprehensive description of the factors, methods, strategies, approaches and prerequisites influencing in vitro micropaopagation and the amount of their use across the world. The findings presented here are the results of the study of several hundred papers published all over the world. Tissue culture techniques are routinely used for micropropagation. Enhancement of efficiency and efficacy of plant regeneration are primary goals of micropropagation. In this article, maximum and minimum use of some basic issues concerned with plant tissue culture in vitro especially micropropagation such as types of explants, types of culture media, types of sterilizing agent for explants, types of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for general studies of miro-propagation, shoot and root induction, somatic embryogenesis (SE) and callus induction have been considered. Maximal application for explants, culture media and sterilizing agent are single node, Murashige and Skoog (MS) and sodium hypochlorite (NAClO), respectively. BA and NAA are the most application among cytokinins (CKs) and auxins for general studies of miroprop-agation. Among all PGRs used for general studies of miropropagation, NAA is on the top. BA and IBA are the most use among CKs and auxins for shooting and rooting of explants, respectively. 2,4-D, NAA and TDZ are used more than the other PGRs for induction of SE. Among all types of auxins and CKs used as singular or in combination with them for callus induction, 2,4-D is at the top level. Combination of BA and NAA is the maximum for general studies of miropropagation. This review article can help to the future studies on micro-propagation due to the correct selection of the treatments Manuscript profile
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  5 - Investigation the structure of vegetative organs and development of reproductive organs of Haussknechtia elymaitica Boiss.
  Mehdi Zarini Ahmad Majd Golnaz Tajadod Sedigheh Mehrabian Sayeh Jafari Marandi
  Haussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. belongs to Apiaceae family.Considering the importance of recognizing the developmental stages in the development of biology knowledge Haussknechtia elymaitica Which is a rare and endemic species of Iran, was selected for this research. Th More

  Haussknechtia elymaitica Boiss. belongs to Apiaceae family.Considering the importance of recognizing the developmental stages in the development of biology knowledge Haussknechtia elymaitica Which is a rare and endemic species of Iran, was selected for this research. The samples of vegetative and reproductive organs at different stages of development were gathered and investigated by cell-histology methods. The investigation of the anatomical structure of vegetative organs showed that the secretory cavity are arranged between the parenchymal tissues of the leaf. Section of flower buds revealed that anthers had 4 pollen sacs, the division of pollen mother cell was of the simultaneous type, microspore tetrads were of tetragonal type and the tapetum layer was secretory. The ovary was found to be two chambered and two-carpeled; the ovule to be anatropous and to have one membrane. In embryogenic investigationit was found that the embryos were globular, cordate, cotyledonary and torpedo-shaped and the transition between globular embryos to cordate embryos was found. The vegetative organs were observed to have the general structure of dicotyledons. The development patterns of ovule and embryo sac follow the Polygonum type. Tetrahedral, Tetragonal and Liner microspore tetrads were observed. All stages of embryogenesis were covered in this study. Manuscript profile
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  6 - -The effect of various growth regulator compounds on gynogenesis of Allium ampeloprasum Taree group in vitro
  Mohammad Javad Shakouri Mohammad Reza Hassandokht Sepideh Kalateh Jari Kambiz Larijani Faezeh Ghanati
  Persian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conduct More

  Persian leek (Allium ampeloprasum) has a special place in Iraninan's food chain. Many accessions by different characteristics have been cultivated and adapted in different regions of Iran. In order to investigate the breeding of this vegetable, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. For this purpose, 7 accessions of Persian leeks were selected. Various growth regulator componds2, 4 D at 0, 2 and 4 mg/lit and BA with 0, 2 and 4 mg/l were used in culture medium. The treatments were done on unopened flowers' umbrella and embryogenesis, regeneration and callus percentages of micro samples and the number of haploid plants were measured. The results indicated that Shadegan accessions in culture medium including 4 mg/l BA and 2 mg/l D-4,2 had the highest Percentage of embryogenesis (12.81 %) and regeneration (12.6%). The highest percentage of callus (0.51%) and lowest percentage of callus (0.16%) have been observed in arak and shadegan accession, respectively. Out of 42525 flowers cultivated, 1001 embryo (2.35%), 972 regenerate (97.1%) and 946 plants (94.5%) have survived. Eventually, seven haploid plants were observed. The highest number of haploid was observed in culture medium with 4 mg /liters BA and 2 mg/liters 2.4.D. in Guilan accession. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Investigating the effect of growth regulators on callusing and Somatic Embryogenesis of of Pekan variety walnut under in vitro conditions
  mohammad dali mohammad motamedi Shahab Sada
  Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a plant with a high economic value, and the use of micro propagation techniques will be very effective in the vegetative propagation of uniform superior cultivars and genotypes of walnut. In order to optimize walnut tissue culture, in this r More

  Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a plant with a high economic value, and the use of micro propagation techniques will be very effective in the vegetative propagation of uniform superior cultivars and genotypes of walnut. In order to optimize walnut tissue culture, in this research, fresh branches of Pekan variety walnut trees were separated and transferred to the laboratory. For sterilization, callus formation and somatic embryogenesis, three experiments were performed with different treatments. Six sterilization treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replications were considered for this research. In order to obtain callus, DKW culture medium was considered as the basic culture medium. 8 treatments of callus formation were investigated in a completely randomized design in 3 replications. In order to achieve indirect somatic embryogenesis, different combinations of TDZ and NAA were investigated in a completely randomized design in 4 replications. The results of analysis of variance of sterilization data indicated the existence of a significant difference between the mentioned treatments. The results of sterilization treatments showed 20% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes along with 70% alcohol for 15 seconds as the best result for sterilization of explants. DKW medium supplemented with 3 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L NAA gave the best result in callus formation. TDZ in the amount of 6 μM along with NAA in the amount of 0.2 μM had the best results in the embryogenesis of the resulting callus Manuscript profile