This paper analyzes the effects of relative price variability and skewness as aggregate supply shocks and liquidity as aggregate demand shocks on inflation in the Iranian economy. For this purpose, the total and state urban price index and M2 for period 1383-1390 and Ar More
This paper analyzes the effects of relative price variability and skewness as aggregate supply shocks and liquidity as aggregate demand shocks on inflation in the Iranian economy. For this purpose, the total and state urban price index and M2 for period 1383-1390 and Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998) method has been used. The results show that relative price variability and M2 has positive and meaningful effect on inflation. Also, relative price skewness have negative effect on inflation. So, it is needed to consider supply and demand shocks simultaneously in disinflation policies.
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The impact of tax ratio on the investment, in economic activity such as tourism sector, is important in tourism literature. So, the main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of tax ratio on the tourism receipts in MENA countries during 1995-2009.The mode More
The impact of tax ratio on the investment, in economic activity such as tourism sector, is important in tourism literature. So, the main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of tax ratio on the tourism receipts in MENA countries during 1995-2009.The model of study has been estimated by applying dynamic panel data approach and GMM estimator. The empirical results of study reveal that tax ratio has negative effect on the tourism receipts and GDP per capita and its growth have positive and significant effect on the tourism receipts in such countries. Hence, the main policy implication of this study is that the policy makers, in these countries, should adopt these policies to improve the tax revenue. Because, any increase of tax revenues can decrease the dependency to the tourism receipts. Moreover, the increase of GDP and GDP per capita can improve the tourism receipts in MENA countries.
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AbstractPharmaceutical industry has a main share in capital market and a considerable role in stock market transactions through the collection of community micro-savings. Hence, the cruicial aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of nominal exchange rate volati More
AbstractPharmaceutical industry has a main share in capital market and a considerable role in stock market transactions through the collection of community micro-savings. Hence, the cruicial aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of nominal exchange rate volatility and entry of real shareholders on the return on assets (ROA) in the 32 pharmaceutical materials and products of Tehran stock exchange as a import oriented companies during the period of 2011-2019. For achieving this, by using of Panel GARCH method, the exchange rate volatility has been estimated and then, the impacts of this variabble with other explanatory variabbles such as entry of real shareholders, profit margin, capital and interest rate to the operational profit, have been examined on return on assets in these companies. The empirical results of model estimation by GMM estimator revealed that the exchange rate volatility has negative and entry of real shareholders has positive and significant effect on the return on assets. Moreover, the auxiliary variables like profit margin, capital and interest rate have positive, positive and negative effects on the return on assets. By results of this study, we can suggest that the financial policy makers with decreasing of exchange rate volatility through control of domestic prices and capital market stabilization policies, motivate real shareholders to enter the capital market and increase the production and profitability of pharmaceutical companies.
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AbstractIn the wake of recent financial crisis, large banks have been considered as important factors in financial markets in the world, since these banks' failure could affect the whole economy by extending systemic risk. With regard to this issue, when large banks fac More
AbstractIn the wake of recent financial crisis, large banks have been considered as important factors in financial markets in the world, since these banks' failure could affect the whole economy by extending systemic risk. With regard to this issue, when large banks face insolvency or bankruptcy, larger part of economy would be affected, and with the interconnectedness between banks and financial institutions, the effects of large banks' bankruptcy will have greater impact on the real economy. After financial crisis, many studies have concentrated on the failure of TBTF banks, and the role of these banks in the incident of financial crisis. Number of specialists emphasize on bank size and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision regulated by the classification of banks and their systemically important banks. The study of risk among systemically important banks is important to Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. Many studies confirm that larger banks tend to have less capital, less stability and sustainability of resources, and higher risk-taking activities, therefore, larger banks have become fragile in financial markets. Moreover, the other explanatory variables such as inflation and GDP growth have negative and positive effects on deposits volume in Iran respectively.
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The purpose of This study attempts to investigate the effects of interactions between politically connected CEO (PCCEO), independent directors, and credit risk of banks in an emerging country. It has been widely stated in the theoretical literature that political connec More
The purpose of This study attempts to investigate the effects of interactions between politically connected CEO (PCCEO), independent directors, and credit risk of banks in an emerging country. It has been widely stated in the theoretical literature that political connections increase the value of organizations. Political connections may have a positive or negative effect on the performance of the bank. answering the question of whether banks' political connections have a positive or negative impact on their financial performance cannot be answered with certainty. In this study, commercial banks include 16 banks for the period 1390-1396. To collect the required data for the banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, the database of Codal publishers was used. The information contained in the performance report of Iranian banks collected by the Higher Institute of Banking of Iran was also used. For investigation of this issue, we employ the SGMM method (System Generalized Method of Moments) or in other words, dynamic GMM approach, and we find politically connected boards to exert significant influence on credit risk.
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