List of Articles Dictator

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  1 - Life & Death Dual in Al Jabouri's Poetries
  Hossein Elyasi
  Muad Al Jabouri is one of the sixtieth century's poets who has experienced that era's events beside his hometown people and tried to make his people hopeful and happy in the rough days of Saddam government era.  The present research – which is analytical &nda More

  Muad Al Jabouri is one of the sixtieth century's poets who has experienced that era's events beside his hometown people and tried to make his people hopeful and happy in the rough days of Saddam government era.  The present research – which is analytical – descriptive – attempts to study the dominant thought of Muad Al Jabouri: death and life. The outcome of the study is that he enjoyed the natural mysteries about death in the form of Saddam's dictatorship government and occupier America on Arabic lives. The poet runs toward the living life by the flames of hope and optimism. Being in his poetry means death and martyr and martyr for hometown means heroic death from his view point.  Manuscript profile
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  2 - The Dictatorial Quasi-Romanticism of The First Pahlavi Government In The City of Bandar Anzali
  Erfan Khasm Afkan Nezam Mostafa Kiani Hashemi
  10.30495/jisaud.2023.1977504.1038
  The nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellect More

  The nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellectual philosophy, of which literature and architecture were only one of the fields of its emergence, and in the social and political fields, in the form of intellectual movements that stimulated Iranian nationalism or nationalism as a way to integrate and empower Iran in Reza Khan's government, and caused the transformation of Iran became a stable and secure country. One of the ways of implementing Reza Khan's "Imperial Theory" was the use of art and especially architecture. Therefore, the current research seeks to find the answer to the question that the worldview of Iranian pseudo-romanticism in order to legitimize the modernist actions of the first Pahlavi government, how and with what indicators and components were manifested in the architecture of government buildings in Bandar Anzali city? Was the image created by the government in line with the opinion of the intellectuals? Therefore, the research is of a qualitative and applied type, using the comparative-comparative method through the method of library studies. The results of the research show that in addition to Pahlavi's cultural discourse to realize his modernist approach through architecture in the form of building "Government Buildings" modeled after European architecture, it is necessary to create mental images in the citizens through the accompaniment of intellectuals of that period in the form of "reports and travelogues". In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Kasravi's views on nationalism during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi
  kazem hosseinifar Masomeh garadagi ali salarishadi manizheh Sadri
  The intellectual dough of Asid Mohammad Kasravi was formed during the constitutional movement and under the influence of its ideals. A person who dresses as a clergyman in the first stage of his life, but due to the formation of a series of intellectual events, distance More

  The intellectual dough of Asid Mohammad Kasravi was formed during the constitutional movement and under the influence of its ideals. A person who dresses as a clergyman in the first stage of his life, but due to the formation of a series of intellectual events, distances himself from this stage of his life. He experienced two world wars, the constitutional movement and the dictatorship of Reza Shah. His intellectual and research background also made him comment on various issues and think on various issues. Kasravi was one of the intellectuals of the constitutional movement and its ideals, but this movement quickly became authoritarian. Kasravi, who had experienced both spaces, discussed them in his works. The important point is that Kasravi, unlike many critics of Reza Shah, in spite of some negligible criticisms, strongly defended Reza Shah's actions. Subjugation within social institutions provided for personal domination and submission. Kasravi's goal was to validate the nationalist values ​​he sought, which in some of Kasravi's works in this regard followed his unifying nationalism. And it has no territorial integrity, and local power is a rebellious power. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Principles of sustainability literature on two different fronts against dictatorship Relying on the poems of Abdullah Pashiv and Qaisar Aminpour
  Yadollah Pashabadi
  10.30495/irll.2022.1925197.1423
  Sustainability literature in Iraq and Iran have some similarities and harmonies. In Iraq, the Ba'athist regime launched an unequal war and takeover against the Kurds, resulting in countless destructions. A house-burning war against Iran also burst into flames, which led More

  Sustainability literature in Iraq and Iran have some similarities and harmonies. In Iraq, the Ba'athist regime launched an unequal war and takeover against the Kurds, resulting in countless destructions. A house-burning war against Iran also burst into flames, which led to many problems. In the meantime, poets in the field of sustainability played a significant role in representing and defending the national unity, homeland and human heritages. In Kurdistan of Iraq, Abdullah Pashiv and in Iran, Qaisar Aminpour, played significant roles in these issues, and both fought on two different fronts against a dictatorship and the regime with the poetry weapon. This article has examined the characteristics of sustainability in the poetry of these two poets in an analytical-descriptive way. Defending the homeland, human dignity, hope for the future, describing battle scenes and problems and sufferings caused by war, praising martyrs and troupers and warriors are among the themes have presented in the poetry of these two poets. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Genealogy of didactic literature (A glance at the reasons of presence and expansion of didactic literature in Iran)
  منا علی مددی
  The didactic literature and its style has a long history. Many works are created and reached us with the contents of advice and recommendation. This history and the existence of many evidences have placed this kind of language as a special genre among Iranians and in Pe More

  The didactic literature and its style has a long history. Many works are created and reached us with the contents of advice and recommendation. This history and the existence of many evidences have placed this kind of language as a special genre among Iranians and in Persian literature. However, in the era of Mashrooteh (constitutional revolution) when Iranians got familiar with modernism, this genre was faced with a lot of critiques and gradually weakened. The reason behind expansion in pre-modernism and then weakening in modernism period is due to type of Iran government and class structure of Iran before Mashrooteh period. In a hierarchical society in which some are higher than others the use of language of advice and recommendation is unavoidable. Therefore, Saadi and Nezamolmolk had to use this type of language in their works. In Mashrooteh period dictotarial government and hierarchical society was collapsed and the ground for developing and acceptance of didactic literature disappeared.  Manuscript profile
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  6 - The Relationship between Autocracy and Freedom in a Political Myth: Sophocles' Antigone
  Parichehreh Shāhsavan Bagdādi Hāmed Amouee Elhām Hosseinkhāni
  The political thought of the ancient Greeks is rooted in the myths of Greek civilization. It was due to changes in the society of Greece, especially in Athens, that Greek philosophers shifted from myth to rationalism. In some Greek city-states, aristocracy became democr More

  The political thought of the ancient Greeks is rooted in the myths of Greek civilization. It was due to changes in the society of Greece, especially in Athens, that Greek philosophers shifted from myth to rationalism. In some Greek city-states, aristocracy became democracy and in some other city-states, dictatorship replaced it. Due to these developments, all myths, especially the myths related to politics, made a fundamental change and the tragedy of political myth was created in the form of political theater. Antigone, as a political myth and one of the most important tragedies, shows the battle between freedom and autocracy; it explains the tragic results of autocracy on the city-state, the people and the ruler. By using descriptive-analytic method, the present article attempts to study this battle based on the political and social changes of the city-state of Athens and the Greek world.    Manuscript profile
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  7 - Ferdousi and criticism of Sassanid and Ghaznavid politics through Ghoshtasb’s change of character in Shahnameh
  Hamid Reza Ardestani Rostami
  One of the characters whose presence in Shahnameh creates bitter and painful events is Ghoshtasb.  The image of this Kiani king in Shahnameh is different from the images drawn in religious texts be it Avesta or Pahlavi.  While in Shahnameh he is a shortsighted More

  One of the characters whose presence in Shahnameh creates bitter and painful events is Ghoshtasb.  The image of this Kiani king in Shahnameh is different from the images drawn in religious texts be it Avesta or Pahlavi.  While in Shahnameh he is a shortsighted, voracious, vow breaker and selfish, in Avesta and Pahlavi texts, he is quite holy.  May be in the mind of the reader of Shahnameh this question arises:  How such a reversal in character has appeared had Ferdousi been fidel to the sources he had used according to his own emphasis in Shahnameh? It is the purpose of this article to explain the factors responsible for this change of character.  It could be assumed that one factor is ferdousi’s and other patriots’ opposition towards the Turk or Arab rulers.  Ghoshtasb’s change of character is the product of political aims of the poet and the narrators who have published narratives contrary to the Zoroastrian religious texts. Since with Ghoshtasb’s change of character, Sassanid who claimed to be related to Ghoshtasb were criticized that is a governorship which Mahmud Ghaznavi claimed to be related to and of course to a great extent his reign resembled that of Sassanid. Therefore in this way the poet reveals the true picture of Turks and Arabs kingdom which followed the same example of Sassanid and turned toward religious dictatorship and centralization of power.  Ferdousi and his fellow thinkers changed the character of Ghoshtasb to fight with all those who thought, spoke and acted like him. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Criticism of Power from Mawlana’s point of view in Masnavi
  Maryam Mohammad zadeh
  Mowlana as a social critic is a subject which has seldom been dealt with.  Also rare, is searching after political and critical ideas in his mystical and lyrical works, however his understanding of Gnosticism and philanthropic humane thought leaves no doubt in acce More

  Mowlana as a social critic is a subject which has seldom been dealt with.  Also rare, is searching after political and critical ideas in his mystical and lyrical works, however his understanding of Gnosticism and philanthropic humane thought leaves no doubt in accepting  his all encompassing character and ideology.  Therefore, it seems only natural when he speaks of human salvation and peaceful life based on consciousness and spirituality should he reproach oppressive power, cruel dictatorship as major obstacles on the way.  In this article attempt is made to investigate and analyze Mowlana’s critical stance with respect to the problem of power and government in Masnavi. Manuscript profile