Consumption Patterns

Open Access Article

1 - Sociological analysis comparing consumption patterns among job classes in the headquarters of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and the Tax Affairs Organization of the country
رضا قاسمی Bahram Ghadimi Hadi Shirzad Zohreh Nikfarjam Fariba Shayegan

Today, consumption has become one of the most important global issues. So that the position of consumption is so much that some people define the lifestyle based on it. At the end of the 20th century, consumption has become a multi-dimensional reality that, in addition More

Today, consumption has become one of the most important global issues. So that the position of consumption is so much that some people define the lifestyle based on it. At the end of the 20th century, consumption has become a multi-dimensional reality that, in addition to the dimensions of economic requirements, has many cultural meanings and social requirements. Consumption patterns are stable social behaviors that exist in society in relation to the consumption of all kinds of goods, food, clothing and other cultural items. Therefore, consumption and consumption patterns have become an important issue in people's daily lives and play an important role in their lived experience and direction of their actions in various fields. Therefore, according to the importance of the subject, this research deals with the sociological analysis of the comparison of consumption patterns among occupational classes in the headquarters of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and the Tax Affairs Organization of the country. The type of research was based on the applied nature and based on the analytical-survey method. A questionnaire was used to collect information. The results showed that the snack meal is observed more among diploma and sub-diploma people (occupational class 1). Less than half of the respondents pay attention to nutrients in food consumption, this issue is more evident among men and those who have sufficient income. The results showed that rice has the highest presence in the daily food basket of employees. On the other hand, the consumption of fish meat is less than other items. The consumption of soft drinks among the first occupational class and the consumption of red meat among the sixth occupational class (PhD) are more pronounced. People of the sixth class, who are part of the upper economic classes, consume less grains than othefrom othesociety. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Role of Teachers in Cultural Instruction & Modification of Consumption Patterns A Case Study: Secondary Schools (For Girls) - Tehran District 1
محمد باقر نوبخت توران تقدیمی

Introduction and Research objective: The main object of this study is to find the correlation of guidance school teachers and optimal consumption .In this direction, we investigate the role of teachers as main coustodian of education and as factor that inspire the cultu More

Introduction and Research objective: The main object of this study is to find the correlation of guidance school teachers and optimal consumption .In this direction, we investigate the role of teachers as main coustodian of education and as factor that inspire the culture of optimal consumption on accessible resources of schools and investigate correlation between optimal consumption and teacher's instruction. Method: This is field study and data gathered from library. Also Data are collected by questionnaire and in depth interview as instrument. Method of research is descriptive and inferential. Data are analyzed by spss software. Relationship between the variables is determined by correlation .The population of research is guidance teachers and administrations of 1st District of Tehran. And for determining coefficient ratio Spearman formula is being utilized. Findings: Administrators evaluate direct delivery as effective way but teachers perceive direct delivery has less effective .The difference is significant; Teachers and Administrators both perceive indirect Instruction as similar; Frequency distribution of direct instruction according to educational level has no significant difference and frequency distribution of direct instruction according to work experience has meaningful difference. Conclusion: For consuming pattern, compliance with criterion can reform consumption of students. Because they are in relationships with family and community As a result of compliance with the following criteria modifying consumption pattern will affect entire community and will close moderation. Indirect education is more effective than direct education. So, we can say strictly educating through culturalization, or in another word, cultural education and indirect education is more important and is the richest source in education Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Designing a native pattern in arid climate to reduce energy consumption in housing sector (Case study: Yazd)
shokoufeh avazalipour haqiqatparast Yazdan Taghizadeh Hossein zabihi

10.22034/jest.2019.14554

Background and Objective: Due to the growth of population and consequently the crisis caused by increase of energy demand, management of energy consumption has become inseparable from the issue of sustainability. Therefore, in this study, with a special emphasis on the More

Background and Objective: Due to the growth of population and consequently the crisis caused by increase of energy demand, management of energy consumption has become inseparable from the issue of sustainability. Therefore, in this study, with a special emphasis on the importance of energy saving, optimization of energy consumption in housing sector are discussed through the contemporary native pattern designing in hot and dry regions. Method: Hence, the required information was collected by investigating the energy consumption in this sector through different patterns and designing the energy-efficient patterns to achieve this important issue. Findings: Due to the fact that the study was done on a case studies in Yazd city, the designing style of the buildings such as (direction of the thickness of the walls, height of the inner structures, etc.) and the elements used (porches, plants, wind, etc.), which have a direct effect on energy efficiency, are studied. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the pattern of vernacular architecture and modern residential patterns for reducing energy consumption led to similar outcomes by implying that the proposed method can be efficient in reducing the energy consumption Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Sociological analysis of comparison of consumption patterns among occupational classes (Case study: Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and Tax Affairs Organization of the country)
akbar qasemi Bahram Ghadimi Hadi Shirzad Zohreh Nikfarjam Fariba Shayegan

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The use of renewable energies for air conditioning and its role in reforming consumption patterns
Nima Hemmati

This paper examines the opportunities and potential use of renewable energy resources in Iran's.The energy necessary for economic development , social and quality of life and continuous energy, and sustainable economic growth is necessary for any development .Iran has c More

This paper examines the opportunities and potential use of renewable energy resources in Iran's.The energy necessary for economic development , social and quality of life and continuous energy, and sustainable economic growth is necessary for any development .Iran has considerable natural resources to modernize energy supply and the transition to a sustainable energy system is .For the use of wind energy , geothermal energy , hydroelectric power development and use of solar thermal energy is ideal context forIn addition, this study is based on a case study on renewable energy and solar thermal energy and its use in the air conditioning to reduce the use of fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect is taken into consideration . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Analyzing the Consequences of Targeted Subsidies on Various Sectors of the Economy and the Unwanted Strategies for Reducing the Consequences
F. Mehrabani

Until now what has been neglected in subsidies in the country is accurate targeting of this policy, until now subsidizing has been in a public form. Therefore, targeted subsidies can overcome the problem. However, targeted subsidies, in the absence of favorable conditio More

Until now what has been neglected in subsidies in the country is accurate targeting of this policy, until now subsidizing has been in a public form. Therefore, targeted subsidies can overcome the problem. However, targeted subsidies, in the absence of favorable conditions, may cause serious damage to various economic sectors. This article tries to diagnose the problems of targeted subsidy and show the alternatives to reduce the problems. The methodology used in this research was a descriptive one and therefore we used the statistics contained in the central bank's balance sheet and energy Statistical Yearbook. The results reflect the fact that the subsidy project (i.e., not targeted) as it stands now will lead to a fiscal illusion and increases the dependence on oil revenues, infation and financial funds disorders.     Manuscript profile

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