List of Articles Bi-level optimization Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 1 - Bi-Level Energy Management Optimization in Multi-Area Smart Grids Mohammad Ali Hormozi Bahman Bahmani Firoozi Taher Niknam Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 2 - Energy Management of a Retailer in the Energy and Reserve Markets in the Presence of Microgrids Considering Demand Response Programs Ayub Ahmadzadeh Moghaddam Salah Bahramara Kazem Zare Hêmin Golpîra Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 3 - Stochastic Power-Gas-Battery Expansion Planning Integrated High Penetration of Green Resources using a Stochastic Bi-Level Model Danial Abazari Reza Ebrahimi Mahmoud Samiei Moghaddam Nasrin Salehi 10.82234/IJSEE.2025.1222027