A case study was carried out to see the impacts of shrimp culture on the surface (pond) and ground water (tube-well) quality in three coastal sub-districts of Bagherhat Sadar, Rampal and Morrelganj of Bangladesh. The people of Rampal (100%), Morrelgonj (87.5%) and Baghe More
A case study was carried out to see the impacts of shrimp culture on the surface (pond) and ground water (tube-well) quality in three coastal sub-districts of Bagherhat Sadar, Rampal and Morrelganj of Bangladesh. The people of Rampal (100%), Morrelgonj (87.5%) and Bagherhat (75.5%) expressed that salinity of both surface and ground water increased after shrimp culture, and water becomes more turbid, odorous and less tasty compared to pre-shrimp culture scenario. The ground water pH was foo be slightly acidic (6.07– 6.71) but the surface water was mildly alkaline in nature (7.00–7.46). Ground water was more saline (1893–2673ppm) than surface water (513-2253ppm). Potassium level of surface water was very high (97-242ppm) compared to the ground water (11.73-27.37 ppm). This exceeds the WHO Guideline Value (10ppm) and the Bangladesh Standard for Drinking Water (12ppm). The pollution levels of phosphorous and iron were found to be a little higher but other pollutants like nitrate, boron and zinc were found to be very low in surface and ground water in the shrimp culture area of Bangladesh.
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Equity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban More
Equity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban and rural settings. The main barriers may include economic, geographic, cultural, or institutional factors. Monitoring access inequalities to primary health care services is critical in providing policymakers with an evidence-based solutions more equity-oriented policies, programmes, and practices towards improving long and healthy life for all people in the society. The main purpose of the study was to explore what factors influence women’s access to health services provided through government and civil society health programmes. It also examines the evolution of nutritional programs under government and civil society organizations in Bangladesh to provide insights on their design considerations to inform future design, deliver, and access of health care programmes by women in Bangladesh. Findings indicated that only 50% of rural women had access to health programmes. In addition, young and education women with high exposure to public awareness opportunities had more access health programmes. Further, health programme delivered through government and civil society design and delivery mechanisms reached out to more women. The study concludes that understanding women's circumstances and taking institutional design into account for operational effectiveness are crucial for the design and delivery of health services to rural areas, given these challenges.
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Defining the concept of cultural diplomacy and determining its position in the field of international relations is one of the issues that is very important and based on it, the role and impact of this form of diplomacy in securing national interests can be measured. Ban More
Defining the concept of cultural diplomacy and determining its position in the field of international relations is one of the issues that is very important and based on it, the role and impact of this form of diplomacy in securing national interests can be measured. Bangladesh is one of the countries that has many cultural affinities with the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the use of these capacities in the form of public diplomacy will increase Iran's soft power and sphere of influence in the subcontinent. Considering the goals, function and indicators of Iranian cultural diplomacy, cultural diplomacy in Bangladesh is organized based on the following axes: common historical and civilization capacity, religious capacity, Persian language, cultural similarities and similarities, official capacities, common cultural discourse. Considering the capacities and evaluating what has been done, it seems that due to some executive, structural and content problems, there is a significant gap between the current situation and the desired situation
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