In domestic and international commerce field, the credit cards have achieved aspecial position as modern tools for electronic payments. Therefore in order totaking steps along with the technology and to use these tools optimally, the Islamiclegal systems must take serio More
In domestic and international commerce field, the credit cards have achieved aspecial position as modern tools for electronic payments. Therefore in order totaking steps along with the technology and to use these tools optimally, the Islamiclegal systems must take serious actions in stipulating written laws in this field.Considering that the main obstacle in forming and developing international creditcards in the legal system of Islamic republic of Iran is the discrepancy (noncomparing)of the related laws for the mentioned cards and jurisprudence Islamiclaws for banking interest, therefore first we discuss the principals and then we willmention the benefits and allowances of the credit card beneficiaries, legal nature ofthe transaction with the above mentioned cards this article, and we will offer somesolutions in this regard, analyzing the credit cards in Iran and Anglo-Saxon countriesin general. The general results of the research shows that in united states of America,in the laws stipulated by the federal reserve board of directors (central bank of theunited states)1 which supervises on the bank loans and the loan contracts in the lawsnowadays, the credit card contracts are stated in a frame work of concluding debt(loan) contracts, at the present time in Iran there is no written and uniformed lawwhich supervise on the private and governmental bank operations, which hasresulted to many problems and issues using these kinds of cards. Therefore in orderto remove the existing obstacles, we can take another step toward developingelectronic commerce in the country in accordance to the principal of free will,limiting the related contracts in the framework of the article 10 of the civil law andassigning the amount for interest and pre-assigned installments while the contractsare concluded, observing jurisprudence and legal principles.
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Studying the concepts of Holy Qur'an is of very importance, especially when it is accompanied by logic, reasoning and interpretation of Qur'an to Qur'an. The present article addresses important issues such as the Assigned and Messianism that are tied to the fate of huma More
Studying the concepts of Holy Qur'an is of very importance, especially when it is accompanied by logic, reasoning and interpretation of Qur'an to Qur'an. The present article addresses important issues such as the Assigned and Messianism that are tied to the fate of humanity, and there are more than 65 verses that have a completely common view to messianism emphasizing Sunni and Shiite’s interpretations. By studying the meanings of 10 Verses of Qur'an, it is quite obvious that regardless of the interpretation and narration about mentioned verses according to the meanings of the verse itself and putting it next to the general meaning of HolyQur'an, we can argue and conclude that what the commentators and interpretations of Qur'an claim which is more or less narrative or derived from narrations, achieved and applied a kind of independent semantics. The most important results of this research indicate that the messianismas necessity for Jesus’s being alive, and the necessity of the Assigned to overcome the religion of God over all religions and the unification of all religions, can be proved by the conceptual style of the relevant verses.
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To study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factori More
To study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigations (irrigating after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Two levels of nitrogen replacement with phosphorus and without replacement and two levels of phosphorus replacement and without phosphorus replacement assigned to subplots. The results showed that simultaneous replacing of nitrogen and phosphorus in all irrigation levels increased physiological growth indices of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Moisture stress reduced growth rate of the crop significantly. Results also showed that crop growth rate increased 35 to 45 days after planting and reached to its maximum level after 65 days after planting date. After this period, the crop growth rate of soybean decreased and reached to zero about 95-100 days after planting. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and nitrogen-phosphorus simultaneous placement application. According to the results, simultaneous replacing nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced the negative effect of moisture stress on soybean growth indices. Nitrogen replacement with phosphorus increased grain yield by 11.4% as compared to non-replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus and yielded 3855.88 kg.ha-1. In this research, nitrogen replacement with phosphorus under irrigation after 90 mm evaporation prevented significant oil yield loss as compared to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation.
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