Atrial fibrillation is one of the most important cardiac arrhythmias in athletic horses, which can be caused by cardiac valve insufficiency. This study reports the incidence of atrial fibrillation with mitral regurgitation in a Mix-breed athletic horse that showed cardi More
Atrial fibrillation is one of the most important cardiac arrhythmias in athletic horses, which can be caused by cardiac valve insufficiency. This study reports the incidence of atrial fibrillation with mitral regurgitation in a Mix-breed athletic horse that showed cardiac murmur, poor performance and exercise intolerance. In a 5-year-old Mix-breed mare clinical examination, electrocardiography, hematological and biochemical serum tests, and echocardiography were performed to identify the causes of cardiac murmur and poor performance. In auscultation, an irregular-irregularity heart rhythm and the 4/6-degree holosystolic murmur with a maximum intensity point in the mitral valve region with trill, were heard. Then, the atrial fibrillation was recorded in base-apex lead electrocardiography. Increased levels of fibrinogen and white blood cells were detected in the hematological tests. Echocardiography showed flail leaflet of mitral valve, left ventricular dilatation, and moderate mitral regurgitation. The fractional shortening (FS) values were decreased that indicating a decrease in myocardial function. In mitral regurgitation, left atrium enlargement is part of the pathophysiological changes to compensate for the cardiac overload, but it will also be a sign of future heart disorders such as atrial fibrillation and even sudden death. Eventually, atrial enlargement with mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation and decreased fraction shortening can lead to poor performance and even a negative effect on horse's life expectancy.
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Theileriosis is an important protozoal disease of domestic ruminants especially cattle, sheep and goats which is transmitted by various species of Theileria infected ticks. Anemia, electrolytic disorders and vasculitis are amongst the cardiovascular complications of the More
Theileriosis is an important protozoal disease of domestic ruminants especially cattle, sheep and goats which is transmitted by various species of Theileria infected ticks. Anemia, electrolytic disorders and vasculitis are amongst the cardiovascular complications of theileriosis. In this study, 90 cows with theileriosis were evaluated by clinical examination, parasitologic tests and electrocardiography. In Theileria infected cattle, after 30 minutes of rest and any treatment, a 30 second ECG was recorded in lead I to determine the types of arrhythmias present. Based on electrocardiographic findings frequently observed arrhythmias included 62 cases of sinus tachycardia, 15 cases of sinus arrhythmia, 6 cases of first degree atrio-ventricular block, 1 case of ventricular extra systole and 1 case of atrial fibrillation. According to the type of arrhythmias, it can be concluded that arrhythmias in cows with theileriosis are functional and nonpathologic.
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Hypokalemia in sheep causes cardiac arrhythmia and electrocardiographic changes such as changing the shape of QRS,complex and T wave and the distance between waves. In this study, 20 rams with the age of 12-15 months were divided into two groups. Electrocar More
Hypokalemia in sheep causes cardiac arrhythmia and electrocardiographic changes such as changing the shape of QRS,complex and T wave and the distance between waves. In this study, 20 rams with the age of 12-15 months were divided into two groups. Electrocardiography was used to check the heart rhythm. After recording ECG and sampling, in order to create hypokalemia Isoflupredon acetat at a dose of 4mg was used intramuscularly in oll 10 treatment. All P waves in the control and the experimental group was recorded as positive and their monophasic or diphasic state was also studied. Between days 0 to 4, 30 cases of monophasic and 20 cases of diphasic P wave was recorded is the control group. In the treatment group, these figures were 21 and 29 cases respectively.
Different shapes of QRS waves were seen in both treatment groups .In the control group they were recorded as QRS in 10 cases, qrs in 15 cases and qRs in 25 cases with in the treatment group it was QRS in 31 cases, Qrs in 1 case, qrs in 4 cases and qRs in 14 cases. By examining the ECG in the control group on days zero to 4th day, sinus arrhythmia and atrioventricular block was observed in 7 and 2 cases respectively and in the treatment group sinus arrhythmia, atrioventricular block, atrial premature contraction and sinus tachycardia was recorded in 14, 12, 3 and 5 cases respectively. The results indicated that various arrhythmias can be observed due to hypokalemia. As physiologic arrhythmias can lead to pathologic arrhythmias, the animals should be treated with anti-arrhythmia drugs.
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