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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Identity of Realism and Iranian Constitution based on Poems by Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Ghazvini
        Parvaneh Ramezani reza forsati joybari hossein parsaeei
        Realism is a literary school of thought, influencing, objective and external emerging in mid-19th century in France and spreading rapidly while attracting the poets, authors and artists toward itself. In Iran also, concurrent with the movement of the constitutionalists, More
        Realism is a literary school of thought, influencing, objective and external emerging in mid-19th century in France and spreading rapidly while attracting the poets, authors and artists toward itself. In Iran also, concurrent with the movement of the constitutionalists, some transformations occurred in the elements of Iranian identity bestowing in terms of identity and the poets and authors paid attention to their national identity and the decline and retardation of their country. Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Gazvini the revolutionary poets of this era, strongly inclined to liberation and supporting the laborers and farmers, they’ve demonstrated their attention to the status of the country. Applying content analysis method, (Descriptive- Analytical) the present study aims to analyze and outline the extent of the focus on the identity components of the revolutionary realism in the poems of the constitution Era realist two poets. For this reason, the identity components of realism their poetry has been analyzed. The present study findings indicated that Farrokhi Yazdi focused particularly on the branches and components of revolutionary realism and through benefitting from various representations of ritual (Islamic) and national perseverance literature, constitution Era realist poets encourages theire audience to fighting and opposition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The Analysis and Study of Woman’s Position in the Poetry of Lahooti, Iraj Mirza and Arefe GHazvini
        سعید Hatami پروانه Safaee Ghahfarokh
        Woman, in the poetry of pre-constitution (Mashrote) era was seen through by an amatory and sentimental view. However political, social, and cultural changes occurred in Constitution, especially thematic changes in throughout intellectual and social domains and as an exa More
        Woman, in the poetry of pre-constitution (Mashrote) era was seen through by an amatory and sentimental view. However political, social, and cultural changes occurred in Constitution, especially thematic changes in throughout intellectual and social domains and as an example in literature, brought about fundamental changes in attitudes towards subjects such as femininity in Iranian society. Some poets of the era, regardless of pure Islamic principles, relied only on their conception of outward aspect of divine law, and influenced by new and unprecedented social and cultural changes like prevalence of western attitude towards woman-that was contrary to correct religious and traditional thoughts- posed in their poems, subjects such as defending rights and liberty of women, criticizing hijab, and objecting to marriage of girls in teen ages. Following such an approach, these poets were on the edge of conflict and fight with religious teachings. Iraj Mirza, Arefe Ghazvini, and Abolghasem Lahooti were the examples of such poets. Through this study, researcher used a descriptive-analytic approach to consider the subject in poems of these three poets. Attitudes of these three poets towards women and their issues, according to the results of this research, involved in having a critical view on native culture and religious customs of society which is caused by factors such as: having almost the same intellectual source, being influenced by western one-dimensional humanistic view, and being scared off by western culture. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Comparative Comparison of Ideology Layers of the Poems by Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Ghazvini
        fazlollah rezaii erdani
        Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Ghazvini are famous figures in the constitutional era, whose lives have been linked with events of his age. They fight with their weapons of poetry against oppression and oppression of life and oppression. From the very beginning, they express th More
        Farrokhi Yazdi and Aref Ghazvini are famous figures in the constitutional era, whose lives have been linked with events of his age. They fight with their weapons of poetry against oppression and oppression of life and oppression. From the very beginning, they express their support and support for the constitutional movement, and they express their lyrics. After constitutional movement, they continue to struggle with the elements of internal tyranny and foreign colonialism, and they endure a lot of hardship and suffering, but they do not stop fighting. Finally, Farrokhi is being killed in prison by the hands of our ancestors, and the mystic lives in exile, loneliness and isolation. The main task of the poetry of Farkhi and Arif is the awakening of a mass of people. Their ideology is based on events and time requirements. Most of their poems are related to social and political issues. Comparing their ideological ideas shows that their thoughts are close together. In this research, we try to show the ideological thoughts of these two prominent poets of the Constitutional Revolution in political, social and religious matters with poetical evidence Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Morphic Structure of Constitutional Poetry Based on the Poetry of Farrokhi Yazdi, Aref Ghazvini, and Mirzad Eshghi
        Azam Akbari Raknabadi Mahboubeh Khorasani , Shahzad Niaz
        The constitutional movement revolutionized the literature of the Qajar period by dramatically changing the entire structure of society. Factors such as connecting with the Western world, travelogues, establishing new schools, translating Western works, the press and mor More
        The constitutional movement revolutionized the literature of the Qajar period by dramatically changing the entire structure of society. Factors such as connecting with the Western world, travelogues, establishing new schools, translating Western works, the press and more. It provided the Iranian modernization grounds, and this modernization influenced the works of the constitutional period in terms of linguistic, literary, and content, resulting in the most important stylistic changes. In this research, descriptive-analytical and library methods have been attempted; articles on social and literary situation, constitutional poetry and poets (Farrokhi, Aref and Mirzadeh Eshghi) have been presented and more on style, grammatical and structural features Just consider these poets. The mere section deals with vocabulary analysis. Research in the grammatical structure of constitutional poetry is important because on the one hand constitutional poetry has provided the context for structural and content change. And then, influenced by translation, they became acquainted with and influenced each other's European prose and poetry. Citing evidence and examples from the works of these poets, we conclude that populism has a high frequency in constitutional poetry, and although poets have a claim to modernity and modernity in literature, especially poetry; They are not well versed in grammar rules, so syntax and linguistic errors are abundantly evident in their poems. Manuscript profile