Camelthorn is a perennial noxious weed belonging to the Fabaceae family that exist almost in the most regions in Iran and reproduces by seed and rhizome. In 2008, a seed beetle was collected on legumes of camelthorn which identified as Bruchidius fulvus (Allard, 1883). More
Camelthorn is a perennial noxious weed belonging to the Fabaceae family that exist almost in the most regions in Iran and reproduces by seed and rhizome. In 2008, a seed beetle was collected on legumes of camelthorn which identified as Bruchidius fulvus (Allard, 1883). Biology of this insect was studied in laboratory conditions in 15±1:25±1˚C light:day, relative humidity of 65±5% and length of light: dark 12:12h and also field (Natural) conditions. Incubation period of eggs prolonged about 6±1.71 days. Eggs placed on legumes individually and the mean number of egg lay for a female was 19.8±0.95 eggs. The larva bore directly into the seeds through the cortex at the end of embryonic development. The mature larvae change to the pupa inside the seed. This beetle has 2-3 generations annually in Birjand and overwinters as larva inside extant legumes of host plant. The larvae change to pupa and adult in late spring and early summer (beginning of flowering camelthorn). The adult females start to lay eggs after having a taste from host leaves and flowers, simultaneous by appearing legumes. Only a larva remains inside each seed and grow after feeding from inner parts of the legumes and change to pupa there. Adult seed beetles make their way outside by boring a small hole on the seed and extant legume. The life cycle accomplishment of this beetle from egg to adult depends on environmental condition lasted 48.8±2.48 days. Under laboratory conditions, larval and pupal periods last about 32±0.94 and 11±0.54 days, respectively. The larvae of this beetle can damage camelthorn seeds up to 35-48% in natural conditions. Because of its impact on seed production, the camelthorn weevil may be a valuable candidate for biological control of camelthorn in the south khorasan.
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Bruchidius fulvus Allard. is a biological control agent of camelthorn weed (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.) in Birjand region, South Khorasan province, Iran. The beetle has been able to reduce seed production and consequently prevented more spread of this noxious weed in the r More
Bruchidius fulvus Allard. is a biological control agent of camelthorn weed (Alhagi camelorum Fisch.) in Birjand region, South Khorasan province, Iran. The beetle has been able to reduce seed production and consequently prevented more spread of this noxious weed in the region. In order to use the beetle to control the weed, the host preference of B. fulvus was studied under laboratory condition (25±1˚C, 65±5% R.H and darkness). The experiments was carried out in completely randomized design with 10 replications using the seeds of camelthorn and 6 other plant species from Fabaceae family including Phaseolus vulgaris L., Cicer arientinum L., Lathyrus sativus L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Sophora alopecuroides L. and Vicia villosa Roth. Results showed that the most number of eggs was respectively laid on A. camelorum, Ph. vulgaris, C. arietinum, L. sativus and V. villosa seeds. However, the larvae on plant species other than the camelthorn did not survive. It seems that B. fulvus is a monophagous species and can be used as a seed feeder agent of camel thorn in the region. However, further studies are essential to find out whether it is a specialist or not.
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The insert repellency of camelthorn (Alhagi camelirum F.) and nettle (Urtica dioica L.) extracts was investigated against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) adults. The plants They were dried in room temperature and soaked in 98% ethanol, then concentrated by use of More
The insert repellency of camelthorn (Alhagi camelirum F.) and nettle (Urtica dioica L.) extracts was investigated against red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) adults. The plants They were dried in room temperature and soaked in 98% ethanol, then concentrated by use of evaporation apparatus. Extract concentrations of 5, 10, 30 and 50% were prepared with pure acetone. Experiments were carried out according to filter paper method. Repellency percentage of each extract was recorded after one, three, five and ten hours of exposure at four replicates. The results showed that, repellency of both extracts increased significantly as concentrations rate and time of intervals increased. The highest repellency (76.6%) achieved 10h after exposure for camethorn and the least (3.33%) was obtained after one hour of treatment for nettle. Also, the repellency of camelthorn was more than nettle in all concentrations. According to results of this study, the camelthorn has a good potential to use as repellant for control of stored product pests.
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Among environmental pollutants, heavy metals due to the heavy metals are not biodegradable and have physiological effects on living organisms at low concentrations is of particular importance. These elements due to low mobility in the soil gradually accumulate. The accu More
Among environmental pollutants, heavy metals due to the heavy metals are not biodegradable and have physiological effects on living organisms at low concentrations is of particular importance. These elements due to low mobility in the soil gradually accumulate. The accumulation of these elements in the soil would eventually enter the food chain and are threatening human health and other organisms. This study aimed to determine the chromium in the Alhagi Camelorum plant as a supplier of small ruminant forage and soil bed in transit road of Tabriz - Sufian. Soil and plant samples in four directions at intervals of road edges, 15, 30, 60 and 120 m from the roadsides was prepared. To determine the amount of chromium, atomic absorption method was used.
The results showed that the highest concentration of chromium in soil is 30 km of road Tabriz -Sufian and near of Sufian cement factory with 51/29 mg/ kg in the left margin of the road and the highest concentration of 54.3 mg/ kg in the Alhagi Camelorum. With increasing distance from the Sufian cement factory concentration of chromium were decreased in soil and plant. The results showed that the concentration of chromium in soil and Alhagi Camelorum plant in the course of study at a relatively high road edges and usually with increasing distance from the roadside concentrations of metals has been reduced. According to the local winds, heavy metal accumulation in the left side of the road is high, the 30 -kilometer road in Tabriz - Sufian, concentration of chromium metal in very high. Due to the contamination of plant and affected products of grazing animals such as milk and meat, consequently, the entry of animal products into the human food chain can be adverse effects on the integrity of animals and humans.
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