Agonoscena pistaciae

Open Access Article

1 - Thermal requirements of immature stages of pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in natural conditions of Rafsanjan, Iran
Mohammad Reza Hassani Ghadir Nouri ghanbalani Hamzeh Izadi Mehdi Basirat

The pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer, is a major pest of pistachio trees throughout pistachio  producing regions in Iran. Nowadays, degree-day models are considered as one of the most important tools in integrated pest management and More

The pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer, is a major pest of pistachio trees throughout pistachio  producing regions in Iran. Nowadays, degree-day models are considered as one of the most important tools in integrated pest management and forecasting of pest status. The cumulative effective temperatures were calculated for different percentages of nymph based on the lower development threshold of 9.96oC and upper development threshold of 32.5oC and different biofix during years 2007 and 2008 under field conditions. The cumulative effective temperatures form 21 January to 75 percentage of nymphs for first generation was calculated 510 DD. To calculate the cumulative effective temperatures for generations 2 to 6, 75% of nymph of last generation was selected as biofix. The cumulative effective temperature for generations 2 to 6 based on 75 percentage of last generation was calculated 339, 333, 313, 389 and 337 DD respectively. The mean cumulative effective temperature from 75 percentages of nymphs of each generation to next generation was calculated 342±28.13 degree-day. By using degree-day model, we can determine the suitable control time of pistachio psylla. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of medicinal plants against common pistachio psyllid under laboratory conditions
حسن زین الدینی زهرا sheybani محمد رضا hasani

Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is the most important key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. Chemical control is the most effective and accessible method to control this pest. But, the environmental problems caused by the overuse of t More

Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is the most important key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. Chemical control is the most effective and accessible method to control this pest. But, the environmental problems caused by the overuse of the synthetic insecticide have been a source of concern in recent years. Botanical insecticides are recognized as proper alternatives to conventional insecticides. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the toxicity of extracts from Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) and Carum copticum L. (Apiaceae) against 5th instar nymphs of common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) under laboratory conditions.. Bioassay was carried out using a dipping technique. Probit analysis of concentration-mortality data was conducted to estimate the LC50 value. The results showed that A. millefolium and C. copticum extracts were effective on A. pistaciae. C. copticum with an LC50 value of 749.95 mL/L was more toxic than A. millefolium (914.33 mL/L) on 5th instar nymphs of A. pistaciae. But, according to the LC50 values, no significant differences were observed between A. millefolium and C. copticum 24 h post-treatment. Our results suggest that the extracts of A. millefolium and C. copticum are suitable compounds to control of A. pistaciae Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Attraction of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) to male or female psyllid in field condition
M. R. Hassani A. Bazzaz Z. Sheibani Tezerji

The pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), is the key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. The objective of this study was to field test, whether female or male of A. pistaciae attracted male or female pistachio psyllid in More

The pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), is the key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. The objective of this study was to field test, whether female or male of A. pistaciae attracted male or female pistachio psyllid in the fields. Sticky traps were used to assess whether traps with live male or female pistachio psyllid attract conspecific psyllid in the field. Traps contain 20 live females, traps contain 20 live males, or traps without male or female (control). We compared mean number of male or female psyllid to choose control, male or female baited traps. Results in year 2014 showed that the mean number of male attracted to control, male and female traps was 20.87±2.88, 24.20±3.72 and 25.80±3.38 psyllid, respectively. The mean number of female attracted to control, male and female traps was 20.93±3.11, 31.40±3.68 and 19.60±2.80 psyllid, respectively. Results in year 2015 showed that The mean number of male attracted to control, male and female traps was 54.13±9.11, 73.44±16.77 and 51.06±7.42 psyllid, respectively. The mean number of female attracted to control, male and female traps was 57.31±8.50, 93.13±19.79 and 54.06±10.23 psyllid, respectively. Results in year 2016 showed that the mean number of males attracted to control, male and female traps were 31.75±3.42, 29.00±4.42 and 45.00±3.16 psyllid, respectively. The mean number of female attracted to control, male and female traps was 31.44±3.45, 33.94±5.65.79 and 41.88±3 psyllid, respectively. This results can be useful for the development of more controlling methods for this pest. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Effects of liquid soap and dish washing detergent on the common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae ( Hem.: Aphalaridae) and the lady bug, Oenopia conglobata(Col.: Coccinellidae)
N. Vahabzadeh M. R. Hassani S. Imani H. Allahyari M. Shojai

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is known as the key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. This study was carried out to test the effect of liquid soap (Jonobgan®) and dish washing detergent (Rika®) a More

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is known as the key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. This study was carried out to test the effect of liquid soap (Jonobgan®) and dish washing detergent (Rika®) against this pest and their side effects on the lady bug, Oenopia conglobata L.(Col.: Coccinellidae). The field experiments was done with three treatments and three replications. The concentrations of treatments were applied as 3500 ppm for each treatment and control (water).  The mean percent mortality of nymphs of the common pistachio psyllid for liquid soap on 3, 8, 14, and 21 days after treatment was 98.92, 60.74, 27.90  and 18.54 respectively, and for dish washing detergent, was 91.17, 82.46, 69.11 and 48.20, respectively. The results showed no significant difference between the percent mortality of common pistachio psyllid nymph between liquid soap and dish washing detergent after 8 and 21 days but significant after 3 and 14 days. The results also showed that the effect of treatments on the first and third instar larvae of O. conglobata was not significant 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatments. Therefore these treatments have no side effects on O. conglobata. It is concluded that the liquid soap and dish washing detergent can be used in IPM program to control the common pistachio psyllid. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Effects of temperature on development, fecundity and life table parameters of Adalia bipunctata (Col: Coccinellidae), the predator of Agonoscena pistaciae)Hom,:Aphalaridae)
N. Vahabzadeh M. R. Mehrnejad Sh. Goldasteh

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is known as a key pistachio pest in Iran. The two spotted coccinellid, Adalia bipunctata was reported as a psyllophagous beetle and the most abundant predator in pistachio plantations of Rafsanjan, south of Iran. The p More

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is known as a key pistachio pest in Iran. The two spotted coccinellid, Adalia bipunctata was reported as a psyllophagous beetle and the most abundant predator in pistachio plantations of Rafsanjan, south of Iran. The present research was carried out to examine the influence of temperature on biological parameters of A. bipunctata using psyllid nymphs as diet and under controlled conditions e.g., constant temperatures (ranged from 17.5 to 35°C), 55±5% r.h. and 16L:18D. The reproduction, developmental thresholds, thermal constant and the intrinsic rate of natural increase of this ladybird were all tested. The lower threshold for A. bipunctata while fed on nymphs of A. pistaciae was estimated 13.1. Thermal constant for development of this ladybird from egg to adult was obtained 200°DD (Degree-Day) while reared on nymphs of A. pistaciae. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and finite capacity for increase were obtained 0.172 and 1.19 respectively. Based on present results, A. pistaciae is considered as a suitable diet for this ladybird. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Thermal requirements and population growth parameters of Coccinula elegantula (Col., Coccinellidae), predator of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem., Psylloidea) in laboratory condition
H. Parish M. R. Mehrnejad M. Fallahzadeh M. Basirat

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is known as the major pest of the pistachio trees, Pistacia vera in Iran. The coccinellid beetle, Coccinula elegantula(Weise) was reported as a predator for A.pistaciae in pistachio orchards. T More

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is known as the major pest of the pistachio trees, Pistacia vera in Iran. The coccinellid beetle, Coccinula elegantula(Weise) was reported as a predator for A.pistaciae in pistachio orchards. This study was carried out to determine the thermal constant and lower threshold for the C. elegantula under controlled condition (constant temperature ranged 17.5-35°C, 55±5% r.h. and 16:8 L:D). The mean for each temperature, lower threshold and constant temperature were all calculated from the pooled data of female development time from egg to adult exclusion. The theoretical lower threshold and thermal constant for development estimated. The lower threshold was estimated 11.7 ,14.3 and 14.4 °C for egg ,larva and pupa respectively. The lower threshold for complete development from egg to adult emergence was estimated 14.9 °C. The thermal constant for egg, larva and pupa was estimated 59 ,151.5 and 59.5 degree-days (°D) respectively. The degree-days (°D) required for a generation (egg to adult) was estimated 256.4. In present investigation, life table parameters of C. elegantula was studied in the controlled condition (25±5°C, 55± 5% r.h. and 16:8 L:D) feeding on A. pistaciae using QBASIC program. Based on the results, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and finite rate of increase was obtained 0.09 and 0.07 (female/female/day). Doubling time and mean generation time were 7.39, 43.9. Net reproductive rate and gross reproductive rates were 54.85, 39.36. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The effect of diet and temperature regimes on development and reproduction of green lacewing, a natural enemy of the common pistachio psyllid
M. Hassani-sadi M. R. Mehrnejad M. Shojaei

The green lacewing, Chrysoperla lucasina is considered as a predator of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae in the pistachio plantation areas of Rafsanjan, Iran. Some biological parameters of the green lacewing were examined under controlled conditions usi More

The green lacewing, Chrysoperla lucasina is considered as a predator of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae in the pistachio plantation areas of Rafsanjan, Iran. Some biological parameters of the green lacewing were examined under controlled conditions using three constant temperatures e.g., 25, 27.5 and 30ºC, and four prey diets e.g., 4th instar pistachio psyllid nymphs, eggs and 1st instar pistachio psyllid nymphs, cowpea aphid nymphs, Aphis craccivora and flour moth’s eggs, Sitotroga cerealella. The results showed that both temperature and diet regimes influence on preimaginal development and survival of the predatory lacewing significantly. Developmental period of larvae were shortest while fed on either cowpea aphid nymphs or 4th instar pistachio psyllid nymphs and temperature of 30ºC. The weight of green lacewing cocoons were higher for those reared on 4th instar pistachio psyllid nymphs in larval stage. The larvae of C. lucasina fed on 1016, 4th instar psyllid nymphs and 315, 3rd instar cowpea aphids through the whole larval period at 30ºC. The preimaginal diets caused significant influence on fecundity and longevity of adult green lacewing. The reproduction potential of green lacewing was declined by increasing temperature through 22.5 to 32.5ºC severely. The intrinsic rate of natural increases (rm) of this insect was obtained 0.11 and 0.09 while it was reared using 4th instar pistachio psyllid nymphs and flour moth’s eggs at 25ºC through larval stage repectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Effect of flupyradifurone, spirotetramat and thiacloprid insecticides on common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hem.: Psyllidae)
M. Gheibi Y. Taheri

Common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, is the most important pest of pistachio orchards in Iran and reduce the quantity and quality of the product. In this study, the effects of Flupyradifurone 0.5, 0.75 and 1 ml L-1, Spirotetramat and Thiacloprid 0.5 ml L-1 and More

Common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, is the most important pest of pistachio orchards in Iran and reduce the quantity and quality of the product. In this study, the effects of Flupyradifurone 0.5, 0.75 and 1 ml L-1, Spirotetramat and Thiacloprid 0.5 ml L-1 and Flupyradifurone (0.5 ml L-1) with irrigation water were evaluated on nymphs and adult stages of A. pistaciae in Niriz region of Fars province. The number of nymphs and adult of A. pistaciae recorded in one day before until 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 days after chemical applications. The results showed that 3 days after treatment, different concentrations of Flupyradifurone and Thiacloprid have a good effect on the psyllid nymphs and the mean maximum of dead nymphs was in Thiacloprid. The mortality in Spirotetramat treatment on nymphs was increased in on the day 7 and the highest mortality occurred after 20 days. The mean number of the nymphs on treated trees with Flupyradifurone and Thiacloprid increased after 15 days of treatment. Efficacy of Spirotetramat increased after 7th day and the maximum efficacywas 99.44 percent on 20th day after treatment. The highest mean number of adult psyllid mortality was observed on day 3 after treatment in Flupyradifurone with concentration of 1 ml L-1.  The efficacy of Spirotetramat on adults increased after 10 days post-treatment and the highest was occurred on 30 day of sampling (98.23). The results showed that Spirotetramat was effective in decreasing of the pistachio psylla population after 40 days of the insecticide application. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The efficiency of diatomaceous earth and silica in decline of eggs and adults of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem., Psyllidae)
Sh. Torabipour s. imani Hossein Lotfalizadeh E. motalebi

Pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckharat & Lauterer (Hem., Psyllidae), is the most important pest of pistachio orchards in Iran. It causes to reduce the quantity and quality of the product. Nowadays, because of environmental side effects, resistance develop More

Pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckharat & Lauterer (Hem., Psyllidae), is the most important pest of pistachio orchards in Iran. It causes to reduce the quantity and quality of the product. Nowadays, because of environmental side effects, resistance development and residues in human food the application of safe insecticides was increased in order to reduce the use of chemical insecticides. Therefore, the effect of two mineral powders was studied including diatomaceous earth and silica on A. pistaciae in the field experiment. The factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design including two types of compounds with three concentrations and six sampling times were used in the crop year 2019. Treatments were included three concentrations of diatomaceous earth (4, 6 and 8 per thousand) and two concentrations of silica (4 and 8 per thousand) and control treatment (water without mineral powders) were sprayed over the whole tree canopy. The total number of eggs and adults were counted 3, 8, 13, 18, 21 and 28 days after treatment on the randomly collected leaves. All of treatments and sampling dates were significantly different on egg of A. pistaciae and diatomaceous earth 6 per thousand (+Dimethicone) and 8 per thousand were the most efficient on the means number of eggs during 8 to 13 days after treatment. While in adult stage only 3 and 8 days after treatment significant difference was observed between treatments and two previously effective treatments on eggs, had most effect in adults reduction in the means number of adults per leaf, during  18 to 23 days after treatment. Based on this study, different concentrations of diatomaceous earth were the most effective on eggs and adults. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Effects of Liquid Soap and Dishwashing Detergent on Pistachio Trees
Nazanin Vahabzadeh Mohammad Reza Hassani Sohrab Imani Hossein Allahyari Mahmoud Shojai

10.22034/jon.2020.1893873.1081

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