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Open Access Article

1 - |araism and Islamic Theology
محمد کاظم رحمتی

As one of the oldest Jewish sects, |araism was founded in the middleof the 2nd century AD and later on, they were accepted as themainstream of Iranian Jewish society. A remarkable feature of the|araism is that they were influenced by Islamic theology as well as itsintel More

As one of the oldest Jewish sects, |araism was founded in the middleof the 2nd century AD and later on, they were accepted as themainstream of Iranian Jewish society. A remarkable feature of the|araism is that they were influenced by Islamic theology as well as itsintellectual transactions with Mu`tazilism. This article surveys theformative history of |araism and delineates how they came under theinfluence of Islamic theology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Burial Rituals and Building Tombs in Abrahamic Religions: A Comparative Study
Elaheh Shahpasand Vali Abdi Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh Jafari

10.30495/jrs.2023.67864.10778

The article discusses some traditions attributed to the Prophet of Islam, which prohibit Muslims from building tombs associated with Judeo-Christian behaviors. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad, the authors compare the buria More

The article discusses some traditions attributed to the Prophet of Islam, which prohibit Muslims from building tombs associated with Judeo-Christian behaviors. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad, the authors compare the burial practices of Abrahamic religions and the treatment of their co-religionists' tombs and corpses. Although there are similarities between these religions with regards to burial practices, there are also sharp differences. For instance, in Judaism and Christianity, it took a long historical distance and gap to build tombs over the dead graves. In contrast, the process of building tombs in Islam dates back to the period of the Prophet Muhammad himself. Some traditions suggest that the Prophet himself violated the sayings attributed to him regarding not making pilgrimage to the tombs. It is argued that this prohibition was set to counter Judeo-Christian and pre-Islamic cultural manifestations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Influence of Iranian Teachings on Judaism through Apocalypticism
ابوالقاسم پیاده کوهسار

The study of the influence of religions on each other has been alwaysan interesting subject among scholars. In this context, some scholarsand historians have seen Iranian teachings as the source of manyreligious doctrines. According to a well-known theory, Zoroastrianis More

The study of the influence of religions on each other has been alwaysan interesting subject among scholars. In this context, some scholarsand historians have seen Iranian teachings as the source of manyreligious doctrines. According to a well-known theory, Zoroastrianismis the most influential religion in the history of the East and itsinfluence on Judaism and through it, on Christianity and Islam is easilytraceable. Though this theory is strongly supported by many scholars,there are others who are not convinced with such a theory and try tofind other sources for Jewish and Christian doctrines.Apocalyptic literature is an important religious genre which appearedin Jewish literature after the Second Temple period. It includes manyinteresting and new teachings, a number of which could be consideredas the continuation of the Old Testament and Jewish-Christiantraditions. There are also some new concepts and even transformedversions of the old concepts in these works. For example periodizationof history, messianism, eschatology, the final triumph of the Goodupon the Evil, the Judgment and resurrection, angelology, the vision ofGod and dualism are some of these new teachings. Since this variety ofconcepts appeared in Jewish literature just after the close contact ofJewish nation with Iranian culture, their origin could be traced back tothe similar notions in Mazdaism and other Iranian religions. This articletries to deal with this theory through analyzing apocalyptic literature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Roots of Jewish Ethics in the Old Testament
اعظم پرچم مهدی حبیب اللهی

Jewish Ethics as one of the oldest ethical traditions has had a greatimpact on ethical schools and therefore it attracted a lot of interest fromthe scholars. Despite this fact, the original source of the Jewish ethics,i.e. the Old Testament, and its function has often b More

Jewish Ethics as one of the oldest ethical traditions has had a greatimpact on ethical schools and therefore it attracted a lot of interest fromthe scholars. Despite this fact, the original source of the Jewish ethics,i.e. the Old Testament, and its function has often been disregarded andas result there are not enough scholarly works on this subject. Althoughthe Old Testament is not considered as an ethical book and there is nospecific section devoted to the ethical teachings in it, by analyzing itslegal orders, sermons and narrations one can infer a great number ofethical teachings. This essay tries to provide a general overview ofethical aspect of the Old Testament, its features and problems and referto some examples of ethical and educational instructions of the bookand finally divide its ethical messages in several classes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Beneficence in the Old Testament
حسین حیدری خدیجه کاردوست فینی

Fearing of God or the unseen world and having mercy on people aretwo common teachings of the major religions of the world. Both ofthese teachings release mankind from arrogance and egoism. Thedevelopment of the religious thoughts of ancient Israelites and some oftheir n More

Fearing of God or the unseen world and having mercy on people aretwo common teachings of the major religions of the world. Both ofthese teachings release mankind from arrogance and egoism. Thedevelopment of the religious thoughts of ancient Israelites and some oftheir neighbor civilizations, from 1500 B.C.E., is best shown in thebooks of the Old Testament. The present study tries to survey theconcept of beneficence in 39 parts of the Old Testament and analyze itsjuridical and ethical elements. It also provides some examples fromthese parts including kindness to the parents, elderly, workers, slaves,and etc. Moreover, this article surveys the decrees pertaining tobeneficence such as paying tithes, leaving fields and crops for the poorin the seventh year of planting, forgiving people’s debt in their seventhyear of indebtedness, and etc. Finally it is shown that the expression ofJewish Superiority, according to the Old Testament, does not implyracism and discrimination against other people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Function of Zaddik in Hasidic Community
ارسطو میرانی

Hasidism, the last mystical movement in Judaism, emerged anddeveloped in the second half of the 18th century C.E. Tsaddiq or Zaddikis the cornerstone of Hasidic community and as a concept, it is thedistinguishing quality of Hassidic mysticism compared with otherJewish m More

Hasidism, the last mystical movement in Judaism, emerged anddeveloped in the second half of the 18th century C.E. Tsaddiq or Zaddikis the cornerstone of Hasidic community and as a concept, it is thedistinguishing quality of Hassidic mysticism compared with otherJewish mystical trends. In Hasidism, Zaddik is a perfect man whointercedes with god on behalf of his followers and conveys theirprayers to Him. He is believed to be a channel from God to men,through which the divine grace flows and brings blessings to hisfollowers. Zaddik is the teacher and spiritual leader of the community.His followers pay more attention to his acts and behavior than what heteaches and preaches. Zaddik is believed to be highly holy and enjoys acharismatic personality, which is not resulted from his knowledge ofTorah and religious precepts, but from his spiritual state and hisproximity to god. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Factors Affecting the Survival of Judaism after the Destruction of the Second Temple
Ali Ghanaatian Jahromi طاهره حاج ابراهیمی

10.30495/jrs.2022.19945

Since Judaism, as a tradition-based religion, had a strong connection with Temple, the religious and national identity of Jews was seriously endangered after the fall of the Temple. This paper examines factors leading to the survival of the Judaism after the destruction More

Since Judaism, as a tradition-based religion, had a strong connection with Temple, the religious and national identity of Jews was seriously endangered after the fall of the Temple. This paper examines factors leading to the survival of the Judaism after the destruction of the Second Temple. By carefully examining the historical documents and previous studies, we can identify two groups of internal and external factors. Internal factors include the role of Yohanan ben Zakkai, Sanhedrin council, Pharisees, and rabbinic system. Simon Bar Kokhba’s revolt led to the consolidation of the Jews’ theological status. Moreover, the prominent role of oral traditions in the post-Second Temple period in the form of Talmud led to the survival of Judaism. External factors include the exile to neighbouring lands, especially Babylon, the influence of ancient Iran’s monotheist religions, the opposition between the Roman and Persian empires in the post-Second Temple era, bringing the Jews closer to the Parthians in enmity with Rome, and the probable role of the Parthians in provoking the Jewish revolts to distract Romans. The combination of these factors provided the basis for the religious life of the Jews and the consolidation of monotheistic beliefs in the post-Second Temple era. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Meaning of Life in Judaism and the Way to Achieve it
سید حاتم Mahdavi Nour محمد تقی Fa'ali

The meaning of life is one of the issues of human interests that can be studied from three perspectives: the purpose, the benefit and the value of life. This Paper studies the meaning of life in Judaism from the perspective of the purpose of life and the way to achieve More

The meaning of life is one of the issues of human interests that can be studied from three perspectives: the purpose, the benefit and the value of life. This Paper studies the meaning of life in Judaism from the perspective of the purpose of life and the way to achieve it.  In this respect, two goals are drawn for man in Judaism: intimacy with God that is the ultimate goal, and creating a fair society that is a worldly goal. In order to get closer to God, it is necessary for man to believe in God and obey His commands and treat people well, otherwise he will be punished in this world and the hereafter. Only in this world can criminals repent and compensate the mistakes in order to be forgiven for their sins and crimes.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - "Blessing" and its Role in Building of Jewish Identity in the Pentateuch
Sepideh Vahidnia Arastoo Mirani Yahya Sabbaghchi

One of the important social functions of religion is identity building. Religions determine characteristics for their followers that by creating similarities and differences with others, create correlations between them and distinguish them from others. In this way, the More

One of the important social functions of religion is identity building. Religions determine characteristics for their followers that by creating similarities and differences with others, create correlations between them and distinguish them from others. In this way, they define the identity of their followers by creating a border between insiders and others. In historical religions, this process of identification continues in the context of history. Jewish identity, as an ethnic-religious identity, has been formed throughout history and is still subject to ambiguity and controversy to this day. The Pentateuch, the basis of the Old Testament, describes the birth and formation of the Jewish people. In this text, several components and processes can be found that play a role in the construction of Jewish identity, including the covenant, the patriarchs, the choice, the ethnicity, the law, etc. "Blessing" is also one of these components. In this article, with an interdisciplinary approach, the function of blessing as an identity-making process in the text of Pentateuch is explained and analyzed. Blessing is shown to be related to the definition of ethnic boundaries, concepts, and religious institutions, and to the definition of Jewish identity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - بررسی دین شناختی مساله شر از دیدگاه اسلام و یهودیت
ابراهیم قدرتی محمدرضا عدلی غلامحسین طریقی بخشعلی قنبری

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Open Access Article

11 - The Role of Women in Judaism
Masomeh Azizi Khadem Ali Yar Hoseini

The sacred script, Torah, signifies the presence of women right after the genesis and creation of men. Jewish women are not allowed to do specific religious services such as tying Tefillin (the headband for prayers) or the Shema Yisrael prayer (emphasis on the unity of More

The sacred script, Torah, signifies the presence of women right after the genesis and creation of men. Jewish women are not allowed to do specific religious services such as tying Tefillin (the headband for prayers) or the Shema Yisrael prayer (emphasis on the unity of God); yet they attend other services like men.  For Jews, the highest level a woman can reach is the motherhood. Being a Jew is inherited from the mother's side; however, the children are called after their fathers. In order to observe woman's post marriage rights, the man has to sign a deed named Ketubah. The man and the woman may separate if there is no agreement between them. Men conduct divorce when they give a Get (divorce document) to the woman. Divorcing an adulteress is an obligation on the other hand. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - A comparative study of the position of women in Islam and other Abrahamic religions
Nafiseh Navid

Islam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures thro More

Islam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures throughout history. The distorted Jewish religion has a negative attitude towards women and he is a secondary existence and a human which must always be submissive and owned by a man And she is deprived of her economic and social rights. The distorted religion of Christianity also considers the creation of woman to be according to man and for him. A woman is an imperfect creature and serves a man And she considers her a deceiver and a seducer You should always be safe from his evil and it does not deserve many human rights. Islam attaches great value to women. The Quran considers the creation of man and woman as independent and the essence of humanity as one and he considers women as worthy of benefiting from all human rights and she places her in the ranks of men in reaching the stage of perfection and closeness to God. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Obsessions of purity and worship in Judaism and Shi'sm; With regard to the scientific approch
Roya Hazbi alireza ebrahim Tahereh Haj Ebrahimi

Doubt is one of the characteristics of human thought and cognitive disorders that originate from lack of awareness and if persisted, can lead to anxiety and obsessive behavior. Religious affairs are inherently "mysterious" and, accordingly, are always subj More

Doubt is one of the characteristics of human thought and cognitive disorders that originate from lack of awareness and if persisted, can lead to anxiety and obsessive behavior. Religious affairs are inherently "mysterious" and, accordingly, are always subject to doubt, anxiety, and obsession. This research, which has been done analytically-comparatively and with regard to psychological findings, shows that the obsession of religious people in Judaism and Shi'sm is partly due to the "mystery" of the sacred and partly due to interpretations of anxiety. The motivation of some religious people originates from the sacred texts. From an intra-religious point of view, evil instincts also contribute to obsessive-compulsive disorder and can lead to abnormal behaviors in cleansing the body of blood and feces or reciting prayers. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is treated in ways such as changing the sufferer's attitude toward sacred things, correcting and softening anxious interpretations of sacred texts, and raising awareness about the role of demons. Of course, the use of pseudo-religious methods (traditional medicine) or referring to psychotherapy centers is also common. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Differences in the identities of American Jews and the Zionist regime; Policy agenda
Naser Pourhassan Yousof Qorashi

The world's Jewish population is estimated at 15 million, 85% of whom live in the United States and the Occupied Territories. Although Zionism and Judaism are not equal; because some Jews are political anti-Zionists and some non-Jews are also Zionists; However, Jews are More

The world's Jewish population is estimated at 15 million, 85% of whom live in the United States and the Occupied Territories. Although Zionism and Judaism are not equal; because some Jews are political anti-Zionists and some non-Jews are also Zionists; However, Jews are the dominant aspect of Zionism. Jews do not have a single identity. The main question of the article is: What is the view of the American Jews and the Jews living in the occupied territories of Palestine towards the ideals of Zionism? The hypothesis of the article is formulated using the results of the Pew Survey Institute as follows: Jews living in America and the occupied territories, due to their identity sources and different life experiences, have different views in terms of believing in the ideals of Zionism, adhering to the beliefs and rituals of Judaism, and the performance of the Zionist regime.This difference of opinion has led to a variety of political actions, including a reduction in the immigration of American Jews to the Occupied Territories. International Zionism, while tacitly acknowledging this difference, sees Jewish influence in American and even world politics as complementary to the migration of Jews from other parts of the world to the occupied territories, and seeks to reduce these differences. The main purpose of this article is to open a new direction in Zionist studies and to explain the real gaps between the Jewish communities, especially the United States, and the Occupied Territories, and to make policy recommendations in this regard. Manuscript profile

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