List of Articles ینی‌چریان

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  1 - Janissaries; Inconsistency between their Titles and Duties
  Monireh Kazemirashed reza shabani
  Janissaries were the most important division of the Ottoman infantry that had a significant role in the expansion of Ottoman territory and its establishment. Despite this militancy, most   of the Janissaries titles were not military. Some of them were derived More

  Janissaries were the most important division of the Ottoman infantry that had a significant role in the expansion of Ottoman territory and its establishment. Despite this militancy, most   of the Janissaries titles were not military. Some of them were derived from the kitchen jobs, whereas their duties were not related to the kitchen duties. Another part of the titles, were hunter’s and the gundogs training group's names that indicated their job in the early Ottoman era. They gradually left their duties as haunters but kept their titles. Another part of the titles has been taken from Persian and Arabic languages that have been changed in terms of word and meaning among the Turks, so there is not any relation between the titles and their duties. References Ahiskalı, Recep, “Muhzır”, Vol.31, İstanbul, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam ansiklopedisi (DİA), Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, 2006. Beşinci (5) Numaralı Mühimme Defteri (973/ 1565–1566) <Özet ve İndeks>, (Dîvân- ı Hümâyûn Sicilleri Dizisi: II), Başbakanlık devlet arşivleri genel müdürlüğü, yy nu: 21, Ankara, 1994. Canatar, Mehmet, “Kethüda”, vol.25, İstanbul, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam ansiklopedisi (DİA), Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, 2002. Çürük, Cenab, “Çadır Mehterleri”, vol.8, İstanbul, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam ansiklopedisi (DİA), Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, 1993. Göksel, Sinan Can, Osmanlı Askeri Düzeni ve Yeniçeriler, Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, 2009. Güven, Özbay, Hergüner, Gülten, “Türk Kültüründe Avcılığın Temel Dayanakları”, PAÜ, Eğitim Fak. Derg., no.5, 1999. Halaçoğlu, Yusuf, XIV-XVII. Yüzyıllarda Osmanlılarda Devlet Teşkilâtı ve Sosyal Yapı, Ankara, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 1991. Hezarfen, Hüseyin Efendi, Telhisül-beyan fi Kavanin-i Al-i Osman, Haz. Sevim İlgürel, Ankara, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1998. İnalcık, Halil, Kuruluş Dönemi Osmanlı Sultanları (1302-1481), İstanbul, İSAM, 2010. İsazade, İsazade Tarihi, Haz. Ziya Yılmazer, İstanbul, İstanbul Fetih cemiyeti, 1996. Karaçelebizade, Abdülaziz efendi, Zafername (Tarihçe-i feth-i Revan ve Bağdad), Haz. Ömer Kucak, Yüksek lisans tezi, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyonkarahisar, 2007. Koçu, Reşad Ekrem, Yeniçeriler, İstanbul, doğan kitabçilik, 2004. Medhi, Mehmet Esad, Sadaret Teşrifat Defteri, Haz. Üzeyr Yıldırım, İstanbul, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı Kütüphaneler ve Yayımlar Genel Müdürlüğü, 2007. Nyberg, Henrik Samuel, A Manual of Pahlavi, Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz, 1974. Özcan, Abdülkadir, “Çorbacı”, vol.8, İstanbul, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi(DİA), Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, 1993. Idem, “Sekban”, vol.36, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, 2009. Idem, “Haseki”, vol.16, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, 1997. Idem, “Turnacıbaşı”, vol.41, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, 2012. Idem, “Zağarcıbaşı”, vol.44, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, 2013. Özcan, Nuri, “Mehter”, vol.28, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları İşletmesi, 2003. Pakalın, Mehmet Zeki, Osmanlı Tarih Deyimleri ve Terimleri Sözlüğü, İstanbul, Milli eğitimbasımevi, 1971. Şemdanizade, Fındıklılı Süleyman Efendi, Müri üt-tevarih, Haz. Münir Aktepe, İstanbul, Edebiyat Fakültesi Mabaası, 1976. Silahdar Fındıklılı, Mehmet Ağa, Nusretname, Haz. İsmet Parmaksızoğlu, İstanbul, Milli Eğitim basımevi, 1969. Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı, Osmanlı Devleti Taşkilatından Kapukulu Ocakları, Ankara, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1988. Idem, İsmail Hakkı, Osmanlı Devletinin Markez ve Bahriye Teşkilatı, Ankara, Türk Tarih Kurumu,1988. Üçüncü (3) Numaralı Mühimme Defteri (966-968/1558–1560), (Dîvân- ı Hümâyûn Sicilleri Dizisi: I), Başbakanlık devlet arşivleri genel müdürlüğü, yy nu: 12, Ankara, 1993. Yedinci (7) Numaralı Mühimme Defteri (975-976 / 1567–1569) <Özet-Transkripsiyon - İndeks>, c I ve II, (Dîvân- ı Hümâyûn Sicilleri Dizisi : V), Başbakanlık devlet arşivleri genel müdürlüğü, yy nu: 37, Ankara, 1998 ve 1999.   Manuscript profile
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  2 - Cognitive Perspective and Linguistic Metaphors in Iran’s Contemporary Architecture
  Ali Asgharzadeh Ali Mohammadi
  Perspective is not necessarily a representive instrument of drawing, but it is emerged our comprehensive and cognitive-linguistic framework. In fact perspective creation in art is interweaved with our linguistic view toward our surrounding environment. Perspective is a More

  Perspective is not necessarily a representive instrument of drawing, but it is emerged our comprehensive and cognitive-linguistic framework. In fact perspective creation in art is interweaved with our linguistic view toward our surrounding environment. Perspective is a schema to transform the concepts and make metaphors as the linguistic aspect because it metaphorically demonstrates our prediction and conception towards the time and the reference frames toward place, whenever our frames of reference would be changed in language, our perspectives would be changed in art. We have used three linguistics reference frames (absolute, relative and intrinsic) and matched them with three human positions toward horizon line (below, same level and upper horizon line) to create a model. We have expanded this model to review philosophy and architecture in three periods (Tradition, Renaissance and Information age) Emphasizing on the subject or subjectivism could turn the modern epistemology in philosophy in renaissance period. This movement which determined the configuration of knowledge in an exact place and prediction of events in an exact time, recreated perspective in painting and architecture. As this movement is wholly organized on human point of view, it is called relative perspective. In tradition era, which ontological and holistic cognition govern on thought, perception of space and ordering of events have achieved not only by human point of view but also by their inherent placement. In Iranian perspective, architect or painter do not see objects in human view. Instead, imagine him or herself in infinite position or everywhere and each scene or event is placed simultaneously beside the others based of its inherent value therefore, when objects go father they become wider, contrary to western perspective in painting and architecture which objects become smaller when they go farther. Because of comprehensive point of view, this perspective is called intrinsic perspective. Human mind has sunk in simultaneous information in the electronic revolution and its affected virtualization, which simultaneity is replaced with the sequentiality, smoothness and two dimensional spaces are replaced with three dimensional spaces. In this age, we have multi surfaces of consciousness that each layer have its perspective. Since we have overlapped perspectives based of multi point of view of different observers, this perspective is nonlinear relative perspective. We have done an analogy between imaginative and paradoxical spaces in Iranian miniature and cyber space in network world based on our cognitive linguistic achievements. In order to illustrate our analogy, we have compared the perspective of two different case studies: Auditorium of Seattle library (Designed by Rem Koolhaas) and central pavilion of Kashan Fin Garden. At the end, we have achieved the comparative table and analogical model that help us to explain the structure of the perspective for Iran’s contemporary architecture in the virtual era. We concluded that we need a double pattern, intrinsic-relative perspective, in which we interface with two different scales: On the one hand, we have hyper realization when we zoom on objects and on the other hand, we have simultaneous imagination when we go far of the events. Manuscript profile