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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Histological Study of Middle Ear Ossicles in Adult River Buffalo
        سید رشید هاشمی رسول شهروز فرهاد سلطانعلی نژاد غلامرضا نجفی
        Inroduction & Objective:The smallest bones in the body is located in the middle ear. It transmits air from the outer ear to the inner ear  and this ossicle important in physiology and pathology . There is no study performed on the histology of middle ear bones More
        Inroduction & Objective:The smallest bones in the body is located in the middle ear. It transmits air from the outer ear to the inner ear  and this ossicle important in physiology and pathology . There is no study performed on the histology of middle ear bones in the buffalo. Material and Method: For this study, eight male and female buffalos heads were selected from the slaughterhouse. Then histological section was taken from the middle ear ossicles and histologically stained by haematoxylin-eosin staining. At the end the middle ear ossicles were studied histology  and the internal structure of the ossicels and joints between them was studied. Results: The histological results showed middle ear ossicles in buffalo was Compact bone and It has synovial joints.The joint between malleus bone and incus bone and The joint between incus bone and stapes bone had diarthrosis joint and a articular capsule covered the outside of the articular space. This articular capsule was thicker in the joint between the malleus bone and incus bone than the incus bone and stapes bone. Around the foot plate of the staped bone obseves annular ligament that connected the joints of the stapes bone to the ventral window. Conclusion: The results of the present study can provide basic information for other researchers to physiology and pathology in this regard. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Tympanotomy for otitis media treatment in a German Shepherd dog
        H.R Fattahian, فرخ Kabir, A.R Hosseinzadeh, نیما Vazir, B. Vazir
        Ear disease is one of the main problems in small animal feld. The various therapies have been recommended for ear disease. Medical treatment is sometimes are insuffcient and the response is not curative, therefore, surgical treatment is suggested. An eleven-year-old, More
        Ear disease is one of the main problems in small animal feld. The various therapies have been recommended for ear disease. Medical treatment is sometimes are insuffcient and the response is not curative, therefore, surgical treatment is suggested. An eleven-year-old, German shepherd dog weighing 27 kg with weakness, loss of appetite and left side head tilt had been referred to small animal clinic. During nine months period, several courses of medications had been prescribed for this patient but all the medical treatments were unsuccessful. According to patient signalment, surgical treatment was suggested. After patient and operation team preparation, anesthesia was induced and the surgical procedure was carried out with vertical and horizontal canal ablation. Lateral bulla osteotomy was performed using surgical hand-peice. The copious irrigation was done and plate-form pus organized removed from floor of bulla and the Incision lines were sutured routinely. After 48 hours of supportive treatment, clinical signs improved and the patient returned to normal life. One year follow-up showed no head tilt. Manuscript profile