AbstractIn this study, the effect of chemical and microbial fertilizers on the density of primary products and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton biodiversity categories over a period of three months in a hydrothermal fish farm located in Abadan city More
AbstractIn this study, the effect of chemical and microbial fertilizers on the density of primary products and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton biodiversity categories over a period of three months in a hydrothermal fish farm located in Abadan city were studied and compared. The experiment was completely randomized, consisting of two treatments, each with three replications, including the first treatment: water’s pond fertilized by chemical fertilizers and cow manure, and the second treatment: water’s pond fertilized by microbial fertilizers and cow manure. In this study, different types of phosphate fertilizers at the rate of 75 kg per hectare and microbial fertilizers including two nitrogen bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum, and Bacillus coagulans were used. The results of this study showed that the mean of phytoplankton counted in the first treatment (chemical fertilizer) was significantly higher than their number in the second treatment (microbial fertilizer) (P<0.05). Among them, most of the counted phytoplankton belonged to the Bacillariophyceae class in chemical fertilizer treatment. However, the mean of zooplankton counted in the second treatment (microbial fertilizer) indicated a higher number of zooplankton compared to the first treatment (chemical fertilizer) (P<0.05). Among them, most of the counted zooplankton belonged to the Rotifer class in microbial treatment. In conclusion, due to the zooplankton being eaten by most carp juveniles in hydrothermal ponds in the first year of breeding and a significant increase in zooplankton population in microbial fertilizer treatment compared to chemical fertilizer, it can be concluded that microbial fertilizers have a positive effect on the number of zooplankton in hydrothermal pools.
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Background & Objectives: Plant growth-promoting bacteria in rhizosphere improve plants’ growth in different ways. In this study, the effects of five growth promoting bacteria, in the form of three biofertilizers were investigated on the chlorophyll a More
Background & Objectives: Plant growth-promoting bacteria in rhizosphere improve plants’ growth in different ways. In this study, the effects of five growth promoting bacteria, in the form of three biofertilizers were investigated on the chlorophyll a fluorescence changes of tomato seedlings.Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted as factorial based on a completely randomized design. The bacteria were Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Bacillus lentus, Pseudomonas putida and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans; and biofertilizers were nitroxin, biosporphosphate and biosulfur. Chlorophyll a fluorescence changes were recorded using a Handy PEA device and analyzed by the JIP-test method.Results: The results showed that the use of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum caused L band formation about 15 microseconds after light exposure, which revealed an improvement in the grouping and connectivity of antenna chlorophylls with photosynthetic reaction centers. Besides, the formation of the K band about 0.3 milliseconds after light exposure showed that the performance of the water-splitting complex was increased under the influence of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum. The increase in electron transfer efficiency and the rate of reduction of the end electron acceptors in photosystem I were confirmed by the formation of J, H, and G bands in the presence of plant growth-promoting bacteria. Conclusion: The results of this study proved that the best photosynthetic performance in tomato plants including electron transfer between carriers of the photosynthetic electron transport chain occurred in the nitroxin bio-fertilizer containing Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum lipoferum.
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