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Open Access Article
1 - The Relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran
MohammadSharif Karimi Kiomars Sohaili Shima BarzegariBackground and Objective: Iran is one of the examples of growth patterns relying on natural resources, especially fossil fuels. Considering the end of the oil and gas resources of the country, from now on, there should be alternative sources of thought. One way of doing MoreBackground and Objective: Iran is one of the examples of growth patterns relying on natural resources, especially fossil fuels. Considering the end of the oil and gas resources of the country, from now on, there should be alternative sources of thought. One way of doing this is to using renewable energies instead of fossil fuels. From the point of view of energy economy, it is logical to create diversification in energy sources and utilize a basket of different fuels. Also, production-related pollution is expected to decrease as well by increasing the use of renewable energy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in Iran using ARDL bounds and VECM. Method: In this study, using the Eviews 9 software and the ARDL Bounds econometric method and the VECM model, a case study of Iran in the years 1981 to 2014 has been conducted. Findings: The results show that there is no causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the long run, and there is only one-way relationship between labor force and economic growth. But in the short run, there is a one-way relationship between economic growth and renewable energy use, as well as a one-way relationship between labor force and economic growth, renewable energy consumption and capital. Investigating the short-run dynamics of the pattern using instantaneous response functions showed that the shock eventually vanishes and often affects the response variable positively. Therefore, in the long run, shocks from independent variables, such as renewable energy consumption per capita, will be balanced against economic growth. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the positive and statistically significant effects of renewable energy, capital and labor force variables on economic growth in Iran, it is suggested that by saving energy consumption, improving production technologies, reducing costs, the use of new energies, the promotion of appropriate and efficient policies and the creation of supportive laws will increase the use of renewable energy, which has a major role in the economy and the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Extraction of soil moisture index (TVDI) using a scatter diagram temperature/vegetation and MODIS images
Salah Shahmoradi Hamid Reza Ghafarian Malamiri Mohammad AminiBackground and Objective Soil moisture is an important parameter in controlling many processes of the climate system, one of the basic parameters of the environment and its direct impact on the plant, animal and microorganisms, its importance in the global cycle of MoreBackground and Objective Soil moisture is an important parameter in controlling many processes of the climate system, one of the basic parameters of the environment and its direct impact on the plant, animal and microorganisms, its importance in the global cycle of water, energy and carbon, the energy exchange between air and soil is known for its natural water cycle (especially in the distribution of rain between surface runoff and infiltration) and the management of water and soil resources. Soil moisture plays an important role in the interactive processes between the atmosphere and the earth and global climate change. Triangular and trapezoidal methods combining thermal and visible data are the most commonly used methods for determining the amount of soil surface moisture. The aim of this study is to estimate the surface moisture of the soil (TVDI), by the triangular method in the south of West Azerbaijan province using land temperature index (LST) and vegetation index (NDVI), during 2010, 2014 and 2018. Materials and Methods The present study using MODIS timing series images, NDVI index and LST index, to estimate the surface moisture index (Temperature–Vegetation Dryness Index, TVDI), in three time periods including; the first time period from 1 January 2010 to 30 December 2010 and the second period is from 1 January 2014 to 30 December 2014 and the third period is from 1 January 2018 to 30 December 2018. During each period, 12 images were used on the 15th day of each month. Also, surface moisture was estimated by two methods, one was to establish a high regression relationship and remove the minimum temperature, and the second method was to establish a high and low regression relationship of the pixels. To evaluate the accuracy of these two methods, a regression correlation between the results of these methods with the soil surface moisture content of the Agricultural Jihad (30 points) at a depth of 5 to 15 cm was used. The reason for choosing these three years is due to the difference in high rainfall in some months of the studied years. This study was conducted in the south of the province of West Azerbaijan, which is part of the western region of Iran. Results and Discussion The evaporative triangle diagram consisting of the vegetation index and the surface temperature of the earth in 2010 from January to December month has seen many temperature changes. These same changes in the Earth's surface temperature have caused that the graphs have many changes. During the 2010 year, according to the chart, the maximum temperature was August and the minimum was January, and the maximum vegetation was May and the minimum was December. In 2014, the maximum temperature in August and the minimum in January and the maximum vegetation in May and the minimum in January and also this year were relatively warmer and drier than in 2010. The evaporative triangle chart in 2018 is rainier than the other two years studied, and the amount of vegetation and according to the graphs in this year, the maximum temperature in July and the minimum is January and the maximum vegetation is May and the minimum in January. The surface moisture level of the soil in 2010 for the western region of Iran, which is the maximum moisture level in May and the minimum in August. In most of the 2010 moisture index maps, the maximum humidity in the west and the lowest in the South of this region. The results of the moisture index maps in 2014 this year have been relatively drier than in other years studied. In 2014 has little rainfall and vegetation. Humidity changes this year are lower than in 2010. The maximum and minimum humidity in 2014 was between 0 and 0.6. The maximum humidity is June and the minimum is August. The TVDI moisture index maps for 2018 have had more moisture indicators this year than in the other two years. In 2018, heavy rains caused the vegetation to increase and the ground temperature to decrease, and this has led to an increase in the moisture index compared to 2010 and 2014. In 2018, the vegetation reached 0.89. But in other years it has been studied up to 0.7. This year, the high humidity is in May and the lowest in August. The maximum humidity during this year is in the west and the lower is in the south. The results of the TVDI index for 2010, 2014 and 2018, using the second method, the general results of this method are similar to the first method. Based on the results obtained from the accuracy of both methods, we conclude that the accuracy of the first method is better and generally simpler than the second method. In 2018, in May, according to the first method, the amount of R2 = 0.67, and also according to the second method, the amount of R2 = 0.41. Conclusion Estimation of surface soil moisture is essential for optimal management of water and soil resources. Surface soil moisture is an important variable in the water cycle of nature, which plays an important role in the global balance of water and energy through its impact on hydrological, ecological and meteorological processes. Examination of the two methods used indicates that the first method, which was also used in this research in general, has higher accuracy than the terrestrial fields due to the results of image accuracy. In 2010, the months of May and August, according to the first method are R2 = 0.61 and 0.57. In 2010, the amount of R2 according to terrestrial data and the use of the second method in May and August are R2 = 0.43 and 0.47. Also, in 2018, the value of R2 using the first method in May is 0.66. In 2018, the value of R2 using the second method in May is 0.41. The results of the soil surface moisture index, in this study, showed that this model is able to estimate the amount of soil moisture in large geographical areas with acceptable accuracy. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26767082.1400.12.1.3.4 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Impact of Economic Fluctuations on the Political Stability of Iran
khosro Mehralian Beytollah Divsalar Fakhrollah MolaiIn this article, with a sociological approach, the political-security consequences of the security model of the balance of power on creating political instability in the countries of the region at both domestic and foreign levels are examined. Also, the principles of th MoreIn this article, with a sociological approach, the political-security consequences of the security model of the balance of power on creating political instability in the countries of the region at both domestic and foreign levels are examined. Also, the principles of the impact of economic fluctuations on instability and the effects of the intensity and weakness of economic fluctuations should be investigated. The question that arises is to what extent do economic fluctuations affect Iran's political instability? Economic fluctuations seem to affect instability and cause a crisis in Iran. The extent and intensity of economic fluctuations can have different effects on the instability of the country. Of course, external threats and pressure, and internal vulnerabilities are two important factors that were identified in the emergence of political instability in the country. The research is conducted by using analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The views of English travel writers on the political situation in Nasserite Iran
Hojat Abdolahi Masomeh Gharadaghi Manuchehr Samadivand nazli EskandarinejadThe nineteenth century AD is one of the most important and influential periods in the history of Iran. The emergence of great European powers and their extensive interference in the internal affairs of Iran on the one hand threatened the political-economic independence MoreThe nineteenth century AD is one of the most important and influential periods in the history of Iran. The emergence of great European powers and their extensive interference in the internal affairs of Iran on the one hand threatened the political-economic independence of the country and on the other hand introduced Iranian intellectuals to Western science and technology. Iran's strategic position, which was adjacent to the two superpowers at the time, Russia and Britain, and the two countries' competition for greater benefits led to the signing of treaties and the concession of concessions to them. European ambassadors and representatives, examining the geographical situation and resources of Iran, began to compile works that, although mainly serving the national interests of their respective countries, can be considered in some respects, but their use must be carefully considered. This study shows that the reports and works of British tourists and ambassadors from the Nasserite Iranian society, which pointed to the tyranny of the governing body, the weakness and ignorance of the people about the world situation, internal differences between different ethnicities, factors of Iran's decline and backwardness , Be reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - بررسی عوامل تاریخی مؤثر در تأسیس مدارس ارامنه در کشور ایران
دکترمهوش لطفی -
Open Access Article
6 - The comparative evaluation of the relationship between university and industry in Iran and Turkey, based on correlation analysis of their international patents and scientific articles
Behjat Taheri Abdolreza Noroozi ChakoliPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of scientific papers and patent in Iran and Turkey according to Scopus and USA Patent Database. Methodology: This study has been done with scientometric methods and citation analysis. The study populatio MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of scientific papers and patent in Iran and Turkey according to Scopus and USA Patent Database. Methodology: This study has been done with scientometric methods and citation analysis. The study population was all of Iran and turkey patents and scientific articles in USA Patent and Scopus databases Findings: Findings showed that Iran had about 151159 articles and 143 patents in Scopus and USA Patent database. Turkey had 258719 articles and 584 patents in these databases. Also subject similarity between Iran and turkey was not appropriate. Conclusion: According to findings of this study, turkey had better situation than Iran in scientific productivity, therefore Iran must pay attention to release front researches and international collaborative that improve quantity and quality of science and technology situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Designed by Iranian Professional Team Sports Club System
hojat kazemini zinat nikaeein ali zareiThe main purpose of the present study was to design a system of professional team sports club in Iran. The purpose of this study is fundamental to qualitative methodology by using fundamental data theory. The statistical population of this study consisted of published d MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to design a system of professional team sports club in Iran. The purpose of this study is fundamental to qualitative methodology by using fundamental data theory. The statistical population of this study consisted of published documents on professional team sport club topics and 13 experts. Purposeful sampling, which is a non-probability sampling method, was used to select the sample. Then, theoretical sampling was used for sampling adequacy. The data collection tool in this study was in-depth interview. Measurement validity and reliability were performed when coding the review; The results were categorized or verified by referring to the interviewees; Confirmation of research collaborators including supervisor; In this study, MAXQDA Version 2018 software was used to analyze the data. The results of open coding indicated that 86 open codes were obtained from the analysis of interviews and documents. The axial coding results indicated that 11 categories of this coding were obtained which included: The design of the club is the perception of the environment, the executable duties of the manager in the sporting environment, managerial skills, human resource management, marketing practices, public relations, cultural affairs, finance, infrastructure, and factors influencing success. Finally, findings from selective coding included 4 concepts (contextual factors, driving factors, developer factors, and club success). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Providing a model for the professional development of mathematics teachers based on the brain training approach in the Iranian educational system
Saeedeh Shahsavani Maryam Baratali Narges Keshtiaray,The aim of this study was to provide a model for the professional development of mathematics teachers based on the brain training approach in the Iranian educational system. This research is of qualitative type and is in the category of systematic reviews. To answer the MoreThe aim of this study was to provide a model for the professional development of mathematics teachers based on the brain training approach in the Iranian educational system. This research is of qualitative type and is in the category of systematic reviews. To answer the research question, the key findings of the texts were coded and then categorized. The method used for purposive sampling. Prism flowchart was used to select the best text. The result of this effort was 109 articles in the first phase of data collection. Finally, 29 articles were included as the final records in the research. The study of these texts resulted in the selection of key findings, their coding, and finally access to the categories that formed the dimensions of the model. The findings of the present study regarding the identification of the dimensions of the pattern of continuous professional development of mathematics teachers showed that the identified pattern is based on 9 dimensions. The dimensions of this model, in order of emphasis in previous studies, are the connection between neuroscience and mathematics education in the classroom with the help of neuroimaging, changing the method of teaching mathematics by understanding brain function when learning mathematics, students' academic achievement In mathematics with the help of adaptive learning, brain structure and mathematical processing, the role of working memory and attention control in mathematical progress, limitations of educational neuroscience research in its application in the field of mathematical education, the use of numerical processing in mathematical progress, comprehensive model Math processing and development of a brain-based training package to assist math teachers in teaching. Proper implementation of the continuous professional development model of mathematics teachers based on the brain training approach in the mathematics classroom can lead to significant differences and effectiveness in teachers' teaching, which has positive effects. Proper implementation of the continuous professional development model of mathematics teachers based on the brain training approach in the mathematics classroom can lead to significant differences and effectiveness in teachers' teaching, which has positive effects. Manuscript profile
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