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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Historical Development of Comparative Literature
        Francois Jost Alireza Anoushirvani
        This paper studies the historical development of comparative literature as an academic discipline from the Middle Ages to modern times. It starts with the development of national languages which results in the emergence of national literatures during the Renaissance. Th More
        This paper studies the historical development of comparative literature as an academic discipline from the Middle Ages to modern times. It starts with the development of national languages which results in the emergence of national literatures during the Renaissance. The author emphasizes the fact that diversity is wealth and that variety is the spice of intellectual life. This is at the heart of comparative literature that there is oneness and unity beyond all appearances. The author, then, continues with a short survey of comparative literature in France and Germany, and lists the comparative periodicals which were published in Europe and America since the 19th century. The author concludes that comparative literature, which is increasingly expanding all over the world, promises to become a prominent and valid approach to literature and criticism in future.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Content-based analysis and examine of Farrokhi Yazdi’s "Toofan Haftegi"
        Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh
        Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi except from  composition of the political poems and the publication of the critical “storm” newspaper, published the "weekly storm" magazine for two years,  to develop the  literary works, to promote poetry, to develop More
        Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi except from  composition of the political poems and the publication of the critical “storm” newspaper, published the "weekly storm" magazine for two years,  to develop the  literary works, to promote poetry, to develop the Persian language and literature and to generalize the European literary works. In this study, with reviewing the 41 existing numbers of the “weekly storm” with the descriptive, analytical and quantitative assessment method, we introduce and examine the publication motives, formal structure, importance and quality, content, and writers and poets of the magazine. Because of the high position of the authorities, the publication of useful literary, artistic and historical literature, and the quality and diversity of Iranian and worldly literary materials, the literary magazine benefits from the cooperation of popular writers and poets like:  Malek o-Sho''arā Bahār, Abdolhossein Hazhir, Ishmael Yekani, Sayyed Ahmad Kasravi, Sayyed Abdolrahim Khalkhali, Ali Javaherolkalam, and etc among foreigner writers and poets, translations of Tolstoy works and Victor Hugo works had been more commonly used. In the second period of publication, due to the policies of the Reza Shahi period, Toofan adopts a more lenient approach and pays more attention to social, economic and literary issues, while emphasizing the elements of Iranian identity and literary traditions in a balanced way towards modernity. Hence, due to the necessity of modernity and understanding the situation of the time, he uses prose texts and fiction in translations of Western works. Manuscript profile