مقاومت

Open Access Article

1 - The Impact of the Doctrine of Resistance on International Political Developments
Khosro Vafaei Sadi

This article discus the relationship between the Doctrine of Resistance and political developments in Iran's foreign policy, as well as in regional and international politics. It begins by discussing the issue of instability, insecurity, and war in the Middle East in th More

This article discus the relationship between the Doctrine of Resistance and political developments in Iran's foreign policy, as well as in regional and international politics. It begins by discussing the issue of instability, insecurity, and war in the Middle East in the 21st century, and questions the influence of political movements on the region's developments. In response to this question, the article presents a multi-layered hypothesis, which is explained in three sections. The hypothesis suggests that the Islamic Doctrine of Resistance, as the most significant political, cultural, and military movement, has had a significant impact on military-political developments. In fact, the comprehensive impact of the Islamic Resistance movement on Iran's foreign policy, the developments in the Middle East, and international politics and system constitute the overall structure of this hypothesis. The mobilization, organization, training, and deployment of volunteer forces from various Islamic countries against the Western invading and occupying front led by the United States and regional allies such as Israel and Saudi Arabia have been the most important function of the Islamic Resistance front. Through the formulation of grand and shortcut strategies, designing operations, long-term planning, and overall management, the Islamic Resistance movement, led by the 21st-century strategist martyr Qasem Soleimani, has been able to overcome heavy and unprecedented military attacks on the Middle East and achieve significant victories in regional and international arenas, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy front. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Antibiotic resistance in patients with diabetic foot ulcers
Shima Shantiaee

Diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in today's modern societies. It is difficult to estimate the total number of people suffering from the disease. Approximately 20% of diabetic patients develop wound infections during their life Which in the absence of effective tre More

Diabetes mellitus is a growing problem in today's modern societies. It is difficult to estimate the total number of people suffering from the disease. Approximately 20% of diabetic patients develop wound infections during their life Which in the absence of effective treatment can disrupt the quality of life of these people. On the other hand, treatment of this complication is very costly. DFIs diabetic foot infections are one of the most important public health issues and the identification of microorganisms that cause microbial infections An antibiotic is good for finding an appropriate treatment. Meanwhile, many reports have shown that antibiotic resistance is rising dramatically. Therefore, early diagnosis of lesions and the rapid onset of antimicrobial treatment are essential for controlling infection and preventing complications and improving the quality of life. An antibiotic susceptibility test is needed to manage infection, which can help in choosing the best treatment options. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Determination of phenotypic and genotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates isolated from diabetic patients in Shahrekord
fatemeh Khodaverdipour Amin Roozbehi

Introduction: Preventing the spread of drug resistance is one of the most important issues in society. Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacterial agents isolated from the urinary tract and nosocomial infections. Treatment of infections due to it is difficult d More

Introduction: Preventing the spread of drug resistance is one of the most important issues in society. Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacterial agents isolated from the urinary tract and nosocomial infections. Treatment of infections due to it is difficult due to the acquisition of resistance genes. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance in clinical uropathogenic strains isolated from diabetic patients. Materials and methods: A total of 51 E. coli isolates from urinary tract infection in diabetic patients obtained from clinical, were used in this study. Isolates were confirmed by chemical tests and molecular techniques based on tracking of the 16srRNA gene. Antimicrobial resistance assessment of isolates was done using molecular methods base on (qnrA, tet A, tet B, aac (3)IIa, sul1) and disk diffusion. Results: Most resistance r to ampicillin (66.66%) and the lowest resistance to Nitrofurantoin (1.96%) were reported. The frequency of tet A, tet B, qnr A, sul 1 and aac (3) IIa genes reported 68.62%, 64.7%, 29.41%, 39.21%, and 29.41% respectively. The statistical analysis shows a significant relationship between resistance to the antibiotic tetracycline and the gene tet A, tet B statistically. Conclusion: Early detection of resistant strains to select the most appropriate treatment options is essential to prevent the spread of resistance. It is suggested, as treatment for urinary tract infections is important, so to prevent drug resistance and treatment failure, it should be done according to the resistance pattern in the region. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigating the prevalence of resistance genes in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food samples
Mohammad Reza Saebi Fahimeh nourbakhsh Hossein Khodabandeh shahraki

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of pathogenic bacteria that causes listeriosis infection. This facultative anaerobic bacterium is able to survive in the presence and absence of oxygen and is the cause of a wide range of diseases in humans and animals More

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a type of pathogenic bacteria that causes listeriosis infection. This facultative anaerobic bacterium is able to survive in the presence and absence of oxygen and is the cause of a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. Consumption of contaminated dairy products, meat and vegetables is the most important source of contamination. There are limited studies of the antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes species. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the frequency and level of resistance in the evaluated samples. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 different samples were randomly collected from different regions of Isfahan province. The samples included 60 samples of meat, 40 samples of dairy products (including milk, cheese, etc.) and 50 samples of vegetables (including leek, watercress, radish and basil). The serotyping of the isolated strains was done using the commercial O and H antisera of Listeria monocytogenes and according to the manufacturer's instructions, using slide agglutination method and antibiotic resistance evaluation. Standard PCR method was used to detect ermA, ermB, strA, tetS, tetA and ermC genes in the strains. Based on the serological reaction, somatic antigens O and flagella H of Listeria monocytogenes with the corresponding antisera, most Listeria species (70%) belong to serotype 1.2a and the rest from serotype 1.2b (19%) and 4b (11 %) They were. The results of the microbial investigation showed that the highest drug resistance was related to streptomycin (89%) and the lowest drug resistance in the evaluated isolates was related to ampicillin (14%) and chloramphenicol (13%). The most evaluated genes were related to strA gene and ermA gene, with frequencies of 79.8% and 65.4%, respectively. The prevalence of other Listeria monocytogenes genes evaluated in this study included tetA (17%), tetS (2.5%), ermB (10.7%) and ermC (2.1%). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader
حسن سلطانی

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical po More

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical population is 380 academic staff members of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch. Using Morgan's table, the sample size was determined to be 181 people. The tools of data collection were two researcher-made questionnaires on the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom and the engineering questionnaire on the culture of resistance economy, which were distributed using a non-random sampling method. Data analysis has been done using correlation tests, analysis of variance and regression. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom and the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering at the three levels of ideal, existing and goal. Therefore, the existence of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in universities provides a suitable platform for the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering, and with scientific and comprehensive planning and policies, the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom can be established in universities. Raise an acceptable level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia and its effect on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups
Mohammadbagher Mokaramipour sohrab Mohammadzadeh Neda Parsa

The Middle East as a special security complex due to its ambiguous and complex situation has always been the scene of alliance and competition between the great extra-regional powers and the regional powers, and among them, the countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as the More

The Middle East as a special security complex due to its ambiguous and complex situation has always been the scene of alliance and competition between the great extra-regional powers and the regional powers, and among them, the countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as the two determining and possessing powers. Influence in the region, they have the necessary power to shape and influence the relations of the West Asian region. So that it can be clearly seen that the region of West Asia and North Africa is affected by the policies of the two mentioned countries and the quality of their relations with each other. Therefore, the resumption of relations between the two countries, which - after 7 years of complete termination of relations, during five rounds of negotiations in Baghdad and Oman, finally took place on March 10, 2023 with the mediation of China in Beijing and - with the signing of a peace agreement , is very important. This agreement, which has had a wide coverage in the regional and world media due to its many consequences on regional relations, raises many questions about regional issues. In this research, the authors of the work seek to investigate the effect of this special and bilateral agreement on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups. Therefore, the main question of this research can be posed as "What effect will the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia have on the activism of the Palestinian resistance groups?". In response to the said question, which the authors of the work came up with a descriptive-analytical approach to answer, such a hypothesis can be proposed that: based on the theory of "structural realism" and also the theory of "Balance of threat", the mentioned agreement.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Antibiotic resistance pattern and prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integron genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections in Shahrekord
Marziyeh Soleymanian نازیلا ارباب سلیمانی sanaz khaksar haghani

Integrons are mobile genetic elements capable of carrying resistance genes to various antibiotics. These elements have been found in different places of plasmid and chromosome. The aim of this present study was determine the prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in E More

Integrons are mobile genetic elements capable of carrying resistance genes to various antibiotics. These elements have been found in different places of plasmid and chromosome. The aim of this present study was determine the prevalence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in Escherichia coli isolates isolated from urinary tract infection in Shahrekord. In this research, the number of 64 isolates of Escherichia coli were investigated. The antibiotic resistance of the investigated isolates was evaluated using a simple disking method in Mueller Hinton agar medium. In order to determine the frequency of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons, specific primer pairs were used. After the antibiogram test, the highest resistance to ampicillin (75%) and the lowest resistance to imipenem (12.5%) were observed. The frequency of class 1, 2 and 3 integron genes was observed as 12.5%, 6.25% and 3.12%, respectively. None of the integron genes were observed in 52 isolates. In the statistical analysis with chi-square test, a statistically significant relationship was observed between class 1 integron and resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin (p = 0.02 < 0.05). Due to the fact that resistance genes are located on integrons and can be transferred from one strain to another strain and spread resistance in the hospital or other environments, this has doubled the importance of identifying this type of antibiotic resistance genes. Key words: Escherichia coli, integron, antibiotic resistance, urinary infection Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and tsst-1 gene frequency in staphylococcus auresu strains isolated from patients of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz
ziba shanaki baversad مریم ریسی Marziyeh Soleymanian

isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from different samples to determine antibiotic resistance and Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of hospital acquired infections and community. Toxic shock syndrome toxin -1 gene secreted by the bacteria from the categories are impo More

isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from different samples to determine antibiotic resistance and Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of hospital acquired infections and community. Toxic shock syndrome toxin -1 gene secreted by the bacteria from the categories are important virulence factors and is component super antigens toxins pyrogenic (PTSAgs). The purpose of this study is determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and tsst-1 gene frequency in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz. In this study, 133 clinical frequency tsst-1 gene were studied. After genomic DNA extraction using DNA extraction kit was performed the definitive diagnosis of bacteria, Then the gene tsst-1 frequency done in the presence of specific primers and antibiotic resistance was determined by agar disk diffusion method. After PCR amplification and detection of the bacterium, Of 133 isolates sequence tsst-1 gene was observed in 6 strains. In antibiogram test the greatest resistance to cefazolin (3/83%) and the lowest resistance to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin (0%) was observed. Due to the increasing prevalence of resistance to antibiotics of clinical importance tsst-1 gene timely identification and implementation of appropriate therapeutic strategies for controlling infection seems necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Sustainable Tourism Future Studies, New Approach in Resilient Economy (Case Study: Experts in tourism and hotel industry)
mahbobeh naeimi majd arezoo naeimi majd

Sustainable Tourism Future Studies, New Approach in Resilient Economy (Case Study: Experts in tourism and hotel industry) In the field of tourism, in particular planning for the development of sustainable tourism, addressing the future and planning it, is an integral pa More

Sustainable Tourism Future Studies, New Approach in Resilient Economy (Case Study: Experts in tourism and hotel industry) In the field of tourism, in particular planning for the development of sustainable tourism, addressing the future and planning it, is an integral part of the planning and development process. Also, in formulating a resistance economy strategy, tourism and, in particular, sustainable tourism should be considered as part of the economy and at the same time as a tool against cultural and economic challenges. The present study is descriptive-survey nature. It is also considered quantitatively in terms of time, sectional view and type of data. The statistical population of this study consists of 30 experts and experts in tourism and hotel industry. The findings show that a sustained economy has a positive and direct impact on the future of tourism and tourism. The statistical population of this study consists of 30 experts and experts in tourism and hotel industry. The findings show that a sustained economy has a positive and direct impact on the future of tourism and tourism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Designing a Model of Resistance Businesses in Service Industries
Hoda Zeynali Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi mirza hassn Hosseini Sina nemati zadeh

10.30495/jmfr.2023.70667.2769

Background: Considering that service industries have the largest share in the economy of countries and today we are facing unpredictable crises, therefore the resilience and stability of these businesses is of particular importance.Objective: The current research was co More

Background: Considering that service industries have the largest share in the economy of countries and today we are facing unpredictable crises, therefore the resilience and stability of these businesses is of particular importance.Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of resistance businesses in service industries.Method: The method used in the research is qualitative and based on the strategy of database theory. In-depth interview tool was used to collect data. The target community was academic experts, managers and senior experts of service industries who participated in the process and executive decisions of service industries. Also, theoretical saturation was achieved by using targeted sampling after 15 in-depth interviews.Findings: In the foundational data approach in this research, three stages of open, central and selective coding It has expressed 27 general categories in a paradigmatic format including causal, background, intervening conditions, core categories, strategies and consequences based on the development of resistance business.Conclusion: The results of the research include the presentation of causal, contextual, interventional, central category, consequences, and formulation of strategies for the development of resilient businesses in service industries, which is realized in the form of a paradigm model in accordance with the data theory of the foundation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Examing the Importance of Brand Equity for Customer Loyalty in the Food and Beverage Industries in Iran
M. Bamenimoghadam K. Hidarzadeh H. Mehrzadi

Business organizations in B2B markets create strategies for attracting customers and gaining theirloyalty.This paper examines the importance of brand equity for customer loyalty in the food and beverageindustry of Iran. This study evaluates satisfaction, value, trust, r More

Business organizations in B2B markets create strategies for attracting customers and gaining theirloyalty.This paper examines the importance of brand equity for customer loyalty in the food and beverageindustry of Iran. This study evaluates satisfaction, value, trust, resistance to change, affect, and brandequity in relation to behavioral and attitudinal loyalty. The results show that attitudinal loyalty isrelated with trust , satisfaction, and brand equity only. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Determining the effective location factors on attracting knowledge workers in the public sector of Iran
Raheleh Chamanifard Masoud Porkiani

Background and Objective: In this age that is the age of knowledge, attracting knowledge workers among the issues is that ignoring it destroy the organization, also slowly bring growth and development of the country. The objective of resent research is to identify the e More

Background and Objective: In this age that is the age of knowledge, attracting knowledge workers among the issues is that ignoring it destroy the organization, also slowly bring growth and development of the country. The objective of resent research is to identify the effective location factors on attracting knowledge workers in the public sector of Iran. Methods: This study is a descriptive- correlation research that has been conducted through a survey. Also, this study is in terms of the aim the development- applied research. The study population consisted of all staffs in ministry of science, research and technology that their number is 417 persons, and all of them were selected as volume of sample. The data gathering tool was the questionnaires of the assessment of condition knowledge-axial, effective location factors on attracting knowledge workers and attracting knowledge workersthat the validity and reliability of the questionnaires have been approved, and descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of enter multiple regression confirmed the suggested model of research, also indicated that technical infrastructure, amenities and entertainment,social and economic security,social services,social equality,population diversity, civil liberties, quality of urban architecture and environmental, cost of living index, housing, and conditions of labour market are including effective location factors on attracting knowledge workers in the public sector of Iran, and among the factors, social equality have had the most impact on attracting knowledge workers. Conclusion:Given that the effective location factors on attracting knowledge workers in the public sector of Iran include technical infrastructure, amenities and entertainment, social and economic security, social services, social equality, population diversity, civil liberties, quality of urban architecture and environmental, cost of living index, housing, and conditions of labour market, thereforeexecutive officers should realiz each of effective location factors on attracting knowledge workers via the development and implementation of appropriate policies and programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Modeling Reduction of Resistance of Managers of Government Organizations in Implementation of Administrative Transformation Programs
allahyar tanhaei touraj mojeibi Aryan Gholipor masoud ahmadi

The present research aimed to design a model for the resistance of managers in governmental organizations to implementing administrative reform programs. The research method was based on mixed exploratory research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population i More

The present research aimed to design a model for the resistance of managers in governmental organizations to implementing administrative reform programs. The research method was based on mixed exploratory research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of managers of executive agencies, consultants of executive agencies, university professors in the field of public management, higher education centers, experts and specialists in the subject of research, and in the quantitative section, employees of management levels, consultants and experts of nine selected organizations in the provinces of Mazandaran, Golestan, Tehran, and Ilam in the summer of 2022, with a total of 1126 participants. In the qualitative section, using the snowball sampling method to reach theoretical saturation with 16 experts, in-depth interviews were conducted, and in the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire with 127 items was distributed among 286 participants using relative stratified sampling. To determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, necessary examinations were carried out, including acceptability (expert review) and confirmability (expert review again). In the quantitative stage, the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by three methods: formal, content (CVR and CVI range for items between 0.6 to 1 and 0.85 to 1), and structure (convergent validity range between 0.552 to 0.751 and discriminant validity greater than the correlation of the structure with other structures). Reliability was estimated and confirmed by three methods: factor loading coefficient of items (greater than 0.4), Cronbach's alpha of components (between 0.760 to 0.888), Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Exploring the Banking System Media Model of Economic Strength Resilience during Social Media Warfare & Coronavirus Pandemie: A Grounded Theory Study
Mohammadjavad Khomami Faeze Taghipour Saeed Sharifi

10.30495/mediastudies.2023.68419.1470

Base:Extra burden on Iran Society Psychological Security, by Hyper medias like BBC,VOA,Euro News also new targeted networks like Manoto ,Iran International,etc. In terms of Corona Pandemic & Sanctions Consequences, lead the bank oriented economy of Iran to take on c More

Base:Extra burden on Iran Society Psychological Security, by Hyper medias like BBC,VOA,Euro News also new targeted networks like Manoto ,Iran International,etc. In terms of Corona Pandemic & Sanctions Consequences, lead the bank oriented economy of Iran to take on customer driven values to immunization of media based model that is the basis & background of this research. Being affected by new generation of wars known as Psychological Media Warfare, Iran has encountered an expensive experience about the potential of social media, satellite and TV channels that aims at the banking system in which plays the role‌ of vital artery in the bankoriented economy of the country.Material & Method: This paper has used qualitative method and Grounded Theory Methodology by semi structured interviews with 34 banking and media elite managers, out of 20 Private Bank in Iran, to identify critical factors after coding process in a media based model.Research Achievement:Casual Conditions: are Sanction & Corona Virus Pandemic Consequences , also Social Media Cultural Invasion and USA withdrawal from JCPOA(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) results.Phenomenon: Resilience & Immunisation depend on Price Elasticity of Demands as Core Category.Context: Level of E-Banking Platforms & Media Sources.Interving Conditions: Customer drived Values & Corporate Governance.Conclusion: By Approach Adoption of paradigm Strategies as Customer Persuasion & Productivity Management, also Risk & Cost management due to Portfolio Modification in a Proffesional Banking Intermediation, the Immunisation can be possible. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Review and analysis of the cultural role of the Resistance Front media in managing public opinion (Case study of the Syrian crisis)
mohammadsaleh hosseinzadeh

Media as a tool to enlighten thoughts, creating a space for a healthy and constructive approach to views and appropriate information, It is one of the most important factors of progress and one of the signs of dynamism and mobility of society in today's world. But it mu More

Media as a tool to enlighten thoughts, creating a space for a healthy and constructive approach to views and appropriate information, It is one of the most important factors of progress and one of the signs of dynamism and mobility of society in today's world. But it must be accepted that the dual role of the media in crisis-making and crisis-solving, at least for experts in this field, is an undeniable and obvious fact. In today’s world, the media forms a large part of the nature of public opinion, and this trend is increasing. Our main question in this study is the cultural role of the Resistance Front media in managing public opinion in the Syrian crisis. The method used in this research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative consecutive methods. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by factor analysis and the reliability of the items was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (0.997). The statistical population of this study includes officials and experts related to the media of the resistance movement and the study sample that was purposefully selected included 40 officials and experts related to the field of media in Syria who had sufficient information about this research and have been willing to cooperate. The research findings indicate that the cultural role of the media, including mentality, culture, transmitting values, etc., have an effective role in managing public opinion Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Resistance Movement in Japanese Cinema and Animation (Case Study: Analysis and Review of the Animation of the Grave of the Fireflies)
Ebrahim Kargaran Mohammed Hussain Farajnejad

10.30495/mediastudies.2022.66306.1444

In order to have an accurate and intelligent analysis on every country’s cinema, religious and political typologies and schools of thought recognition is of a great interest. This research aims to recognize active Japanese movements in governance, thought, culture More

In order to have an accurate and intelligent analysis on every country’s cinema, religious and political typologies and schools of thought recognition is of a great interest. This research aims to recognize active Japanese movements in governance, thought, culture, media and also the animation produced by companies affiliate to the movements. In the research, regarding to the defects on new formalistic methodology and criticism level, a special method called “techno- rational”, which is calassified as one of the qualitative methodologies, has been used to achive a deeper understanding of aesthetics and media and social effects of the animation. Going beyond merely attention to the form, in this method, social, religious, thought and political backgrounds have been studied and also rational effects of animation on human sublimation or decline has been assessed. Finally, some “Resistance Movement” in Japanese animation production has been recognized and introduced and an animation called “Grave of the Fireflies” has been explored a case study on the animation. As a result, we can see Grave of the Fireflies, could be classified as one of the greatest animations in what so called resistance movement. This animation was successful to show American cruelties on Japanese nation in the World War II. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Using two Reliability Estimators in a Stress-Strength System
Kazem Fayyaz Heidari Einolah Deiri Ezzatallah baloui Jamkhaneh

In this paper, we propose an estimate of reliability in a multicomponent stress-strength system. The reliability of such a system is obtained when strength and stress variables are given by Gompertz distribution with common scale parameter λ and different shape p More

In this paper, we propose an estimate of reliability in a multicomponent stress-strength system. The reliability of such a system is obtained when strength and stress variables are given by Gompertz distribution with common scale parameter λ and different shape parameters α and . The system reliability is estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and the best observational percentile estimation (BPE) methods in samples drawn from strength and stress distributions. Also, the asymptotic confidence interval for system reliability is obtained. The reliability estimators obtained from both methods are compared using mean squares error criteria and confidence interval length via Monte Carlo simulation. In the end, using two real data sets we illustrate the procedure. Before analyzing the data, we first show that the Gompertz distribution is fitted to this data sets using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test statistic. In general, the simulation results show that due to the increase in sample size, the average mean, mean squares error and length of confidence interval in the maximum likelihood method is decreasing compared to the best percentile estimator method. This indicates that the maximum likelihood method is more efficient. Also, in this paper, it was shown that the one out of three component system reliability is more than the one out of two component system reliability for both methods of estimation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Designing Trading Strategies Based on Momentum & Reversal Effect, Using Stock’s Major Historical Highs and Lows
Gholamhosein Assadi S. Amirhosein Emami

Investors and traders in financial markets, use fundamental analysis, technical analysis or their combination to achieve abnormal returns and beat the market. In recent decades, although numerous researches are done to assess the usefulness of technical analysis methods More

Investors and traders in financial markets, use fundamental analysis, technical analysis or their combination to achieve abnormal returns and beat the market. In recent decades, although numerous researches are done to assess the usefulness of technical analysis methods, a large number of techniques that are more subjective and abstract and hard to quantify, are left out.In this research, based on previous studies that have shown momentum effect in stock returns in the short-term and reversal effect in stock returns in the long-term, and by using stock’s major historical highs and lows, that are systematically and directly identified through price charts, three trading strategies are developed and designed and after being implemented in 226 stocks in the Tehran stock exchange over the six year period of 1390 to 1395, results indicates that the returns of all three designed trading strategies, in gerenal, are considerably higher than buy and hold strategy. Manuscript profile

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19 - اثرات فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر تولید ناخالص داخلی در ایران و مجموعه کشورهای حوزه خلیج فارس
اسماعیل سرآمد قرانقیه فرید عسکری فرزانه خلیلی عبدالرحیم هاشمی دیزج

10.30495/jae.2023.74988.1503

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20 - بررسی آثار عوامل موثر بر تاب آوری اقتصادی در ایران و کشورهای منتخب: رویکردی بر روش داده‌های تابلویی با ضرائب متغیر
محمدرضا فرزین عباس معمارنژاد الهام غلامی

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21 - میزان آشنایی مدیران مالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان و مراکز تابعه با روش‌های نوین بودجه‌ریزی و رابطه آن با مقاومت مدیران در برابر تغییر نظام بودجه‌ریزی سنتی
فاطمه ذاکری اکبر اعتباریان

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22 - Designing a conceptual model of resistance economy in banks, financial and credit institutions of the country
Mahmoud Ziaei hashim nikoumaram KARIM HAMDI HAMDI

attention to the country's economic issues. Naming consecutive years with economic issues and focusing on resistance economics shows the high importance of this issue. Among these, the bank and the banking system, which has a main and fundamental role in the veins of th More

attention to the country's economic issues. Naming consecutive years with economic issues and focusing on resistance economics shows the high importance of this issue. Among these, the bank and the banking system, which has a main and fundamental role in the veins of the society's economy. The purpose of this study is to design a model of resistance economy in the banking system. This study is an objective study in terms of purpose and a descriptive-survey study in terms of data collection. The research community includes all present banking experts who are familiar with the concepts of resistance economics and have properly understood its role in the banking system. Qualitative method (theme analysis) has been used to analyze the data in the model design section and confirmatory factor analysis (TFLPS) has been used to validate the conceptual model. The model designed in this study includes four dimensions, which are: jahadi model in the banking system, integration and cohesion of the banking system, reform and improvement of the banking system and strengthening the bank name. Manuscript profile

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23 - Designing a local model of combating and preventing goods smuggling based on resistance economy from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and law
Ali HajatPoorGhaleRoodkhani Esmail Abdolahi MARYAM SAFAII

10.30495/jijl.2022.70226.1606

Illegal cross-border trade, contrary to the country's laws and regulations, is called goods smuggling, which disrupts the country's economic policies. Due to the fact that resistance economy is an essential need for our country, it is necessary to prepare a local model More

Illegal cross-border trade, contrary to the country's laws and regulations, is called goods smuggling, which disrupts the country's economic policies. Due to the fact that resistance economy is an essential need for our country, it is necessary to prepare a local model to fight and prevent the smuggling of goods, which was done in this research using a quantitative-qualitative method. Out of all the police personnel fighting against goods and currency smuggling in Bushehr province, 10 people agreed to cooperate with the researcher in the interview section and 100 people in the questionnaire section. After the interview, the desired factors were identified and ranked by scoring in the questionnaire section, which finally led to the preparation of a model for combating and preventing goods smuggling. The main factors including five factors 1-economic, 2-executive, 3-technical, 4-legal and 5-judicial-security were determined. Each main factor has 5 sub-factors, which was designed as a model with a total of 25 sub-factors, and it is hoped that with its full implementation, the general policies of resistance economy with the approach of border dwellers' rights will be realized. Manuscript profile

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24 - Management accounting is an efficient tool to serviced Resistance economy
Zahra Dianati Deilami

Given the importance of implementing Resistance economy in domestic of our country and Responsibility of all people (especially academics), this article Tries to enumerate managerial accounting tools which can aid entity’s management to of implementing Resistance More

Given the importance of implementing Resistance economy in domestic of our country and Responsibility of all people (especially academics), this article Tries to enumerate managerial accounting tools which can aid entity’s management to of implementing Resistance economy’s Pillars. Also in this paper explain the relationship between the teachings of Islam and the need for proper use of modern management accounting, and create national culture for it. Manuscript profile

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25 - Evaluating influential factors in Environmental management accounting (EMA) adoption
سیدامین عالمشاه

Environmental management accounting(EMA) as a management tool assists in improvingfinancial and environmental performance through enhanced environmental accountability.This study accomplished with to focus of attention upon EMA, for to identify factorsinfluencing EMA ad More

Environmental management accounting(EMA) as a management tool assists in improvingfinancial and environmental performance through enhanced environmental accountability.This study accomplished with to focus of attention upon EMA, for to identify factorsinfluencing EMA adoption. For achieving the research objective, established 6 hypothesises.For hypothesises testing, sent questionnaire to key personnel with three different functions(i.e. financial Manager, chief accountant and management accounting headman). After datacoding, those tested and analyzed by T-test. Results indicated 1)Low priority of accountingfor environmental costs 2)Resistance to conventional accounting practices change3)Efficiency or financial considerations 4)Expert member and resource constraints5)Difficulties in collecting or allocating environmental costs 6)External pressure, are factorsinfluencing the decision to adopt, or not to adopt, EMA in mentioned corporations. Finallyprovided suggestions made by this study for EMA adoption. Apart from the theoreticalextension to this area of research, the results and findings of this study supported the uses andapplications of EMA by our industries. Much more can, and should, be done by corporationsin relation to how they account for the environment. This can provide benefits not only for thesector itself, but also for the environment in which we live. Manuscript profile

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26 - Investigating the use of hybrid populus (euphratica-alba) cultivar of “Mofid” in particle board production
Ali Kazemi Tabrizi Farhad Zeinaly

10.30495/jrnr.2023.70806.10277

Cultivation of fast-growing industrial trees is one of the solutions to overcome the wood resources lack. To invest optimally in this field, some cases such as annual growth rate of the cultivated species, species adaptation to the climate of the region, adaptation to t More

Cultivation of fast-growing industrial trees is one of the solutions to overcome the wood resources lack. To invest optimally in this field, some cases such as annual growth rate of the cultivated species, species adaptation to the climate of the region, adaptation to the soil of the culture site, and also the quality of the produced wood and its applicability in lignocellulosic industries must be regarded. One of the recently introduced extremely fast-growing poplar cultivars is the Mofid hybrid poplar (Populus euphratica Oliv. × P. alba L.). Since low-density wood and wood waste, are used as the main source in the particle board production, in this study, the use of 4-year-old “Mofid” hybrid poplar wood as raw material in particle board production was investigated. To make particle board, the screened chips had been resined with 12% resin by a rotary gluer and then pressed for 5 min at a temperature of 170°C and a pressure of 32 kg/cm2. The examined tests included density, thickness swelling, bending strength, and internal bonding strength. The results showed that the produced particle board samples with “Mofid” poplar wood had acceptable mechanical and physical properties and they were more or less similar to the paulownia particle board samples (control group). Manuscript profile

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27 - بررسی مقاومت برشی اتصال‌های سازه خرپا
امیر لشگری

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28 - بررسی خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی تخته فیبر نیمه سنگین (MDF) ساخته شده از اختلاط ضایعات اسکناس باطله و الیاف چوبی
علی حسن پور تیچی امین دلیرزاده بهزاد بازیار سیدمهدی خاکزادیان

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29 - اثر درصد ذرات لیگنوسلولزی نخل و کلرید کلسیم بر ویژگی‏ های مقاومت خمشی، مدول الاستیسیته و چسبندگی داخلی پانل‏های چندسازه چوب‏ سیمان
مرضیه کریمی سید خلیل حسینی هاشمی ابوالفضل کارگرفرد غزاله ارشدی نیا

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30 - Sociological analysis of economic resilience of insurance funds with emphasis on Delphi method
Ebrahim Sadeghifar Hosahng Zahiri Ahmad Meydari

10.30495/jisds.2022.68125.11752

Economic resilience is the ability to withstand economic impulses in the face of sudden risks. Insurance funds are one of the main components of society's resistance at the macro and micro levels. "Sustainable insurance" is considered one of the most important pillars o More

Economic resilience is the ability to withstand economic impulses in the face of sudden risks. Insurance funds are one of the main components of society's resistance at the macro and micro levels. "Sustainable insurance" is considered one of the most important pillars of the social security system in achieving development goals, including sustainable economic growth and social support. The aim of the research is sociological analysis of the concept, dimensions and indicators of economic resilience of insurance funds. The qualitative method was conducted using Delphi interviews. 12 interviews were conducted with "purposive" sampling method. The sample size was based on theoretical saturation. The findings of the research showed that Iran's economy is a combination of 2 neoliberal economic approaches and the welfare state. Resilience indicators of insurance funds include sustainability, redundancy, tact, reaction to risk, recovery. Among the components related to the economic resilience index, the component of redundancy and revivability has been of special importance. Insurance funds are severely challenged in the three characteristics of sustainability, adequacy of benefits and quality of governance. The status of the indicators related to these three characteristics has caused the "resilience" of the funds to become a serious risk. On the one hand, pension funds in Iran are facing investment restrictions because they are not connected to global financial markets, and on the other hand, they are facing political imposition in the management of their economic units. These two features distinguish them from their peers in the field of investment. The economic resilience of insurance funds is affected by the resistance economy, and this issue is a clear distinction from other countries. It can be said that the current situation of resilience of insurance funds is not so favorable. As a result, it can be stated that regarding the social security organization, resilience can be measured with actuarial calculations and based on this, by introducing different shocks to the organization, its financial consequences can be evaluated. Without considering these calculations and taking into account key indicators such as support ratio, capital return rate, available resources and the government's financial situation, it seems that the social security fund should also be described as a fragile fund. Manuscript profile

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31 - The Effect of Modernization and Economic Growth on Passive Defense Policy Making
Abbas Mosallanezhad

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32 - Assessment effect of structure and texture characteristics of rock units in Alvand pluton on the outcrop resistance against destruction and weathering
Hossein Bakhtiari Ebrahim Moghimi Mohammadreza Servati

The Alvand plutonic mass is one of the largest plutonic bodies in the Sanandaj – Sirjanmetamorphic belt. This paper evaluates outcrop relative resistance of rock units againstdestruction and weathering based on intact rock texture and structure properties with usi More

The Alvand plutonic mass is one of the largest plutonic bodies in the Sanandaj – Sirjanmetamorphic belt. This paper evaluates outcrop relative resistance of rock units againstdestruction and weathering based on intact rock texture and structure properties with using thenumerical value. For this purpose at first the some properties of texture and structure as thecriteria were chosen and indexed. Then relative resistance outcrop of rock unites based onnumerical value from 1 to 10 was assessed, and the zoning map was provided. AccordinglyPegmatitic granite has minimum resistence with 3.75 and Olivine gabbro has maximumreasistence with 5.75. Weighted average degree of Alvand pluton was specified 5.1 whichreflects the moderate resistance degree outcrops against destruction and weathering in terms ofstructure and texture characteristics between internal igneous rocks. Manuscript profile

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33 - Examining the process of public policy in the field of urban economy based on the naming of years by the Supreme Leader
Hassan Nikpiran Aziz Javanpour Heravi Parviz Ahadi Ehsan Shakeri Khoei

10.30495/ums.2023.23120

 Introduction and purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the process of public policy in the field of urban economy in Iran based on the naming of years by the Supreme Leader.Research method: The current research is practical in t More

 Introduction and purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the process of public policy in the field of urban economy in Iran based on the naming of years by the Supreme Leader.Research method: The current research is practical in terms of purpose and was conducted with the help of multifaceted foundation data theory qualitative method and through semi-structured interviews with 13 experts who were selected by theoretical sampling.Findings: In the findings section, attention was paid to 5 main sections: 1- the most important economic components emphasized in naming the years, 2- the perception of the interviewees about the category of naming the years, 3- examining the impact of the name Placing years on the policy-making process of the three forces, 4- Economic factors and obstacles affecting the non-implementation of policies based on naming years and 5- Economy and urban economy: the focus of naming years in the last decade by the leader of the revolutionConclusion: Based on the text of the interviews, the urban economy categories mentioned by the interviewees can be classified into 3 categories, i.e. resistance economy, support for domestic production, employment creation. The interviewees' perception of the category of naming the years includes ideal-oriented, judgment-oriented, policy-oriented, stereotype-oriented, expediency-oriented, jurist-oriented. The results showed that among the legislature, executive and judiciary, from the point of view of individuals, the government and then the judiciary played the most important role. Most of the interviewees stated that the government had this possibility and was able to establish or facilitate economic policies such as resistance economy policy, job creation, support for national production in the country, but in some cases it was not carried out in the desired way. It has not been successful.   Manuscript profile

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34 - بررسی الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی اشریشیا کلی های جدا شده از موارد اسهال گوساله های زیر یک ماه در دامداریهای اطراف شهرستان گرمسار
تقی زهرایی صالحی دکترسید محمد مدنی

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35 - Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from animal and human and determining their antibiotic resistance patterns
کیومرث امینی .

Salmonella is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Infections in humans that are caused by these bacteria, are manifested asgastroenteritis, enteric fever (typhoid or para-typhoid) and septicemia. Class I integrons are the most common integrons found in the differ More

Salmonella is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Infections in humans that are caused by these bacteria, are manifested asgastroenteritis, enteric fever (typhoid or para-typhoid) and septicemia. Class I integrons are the most common integrons found in the different serotypes of Salmonella enterica, that has caused multiple antibiotic resistance and problems in the treatment of infections resulted from these bacteria, in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class I integrons in Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from human and animal, and their antibiotic sensitivity or resistance. In this study, human)11 samples) and  animal (13 samples) Salmonella enteritidis samples were received from the microbial collection of Islamic Azad University- Science and Research branch- faculty veterinary medicine . Then multiplex PCR experiments were performed to determine the frequency of class I integrons. Finally, agar disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic resistance pattern. The results showed that none of the 11 human Salmonella enteritidis strains had the class I integrons and 2 strains (15.3%) out of 13 animal Salmonella enteritidis had the class I integrons. As well 36.3% of human Salmonella enteritidis strains and 30.8% of animal Salmonella enteritidis strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: In multiple-resistant strains that lacked class I integrons, resistance genes can be located on plasmids, transposons or other integron classes Manuscript profile

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36 - Effect of dietary supplementation vitamin C in liver tissue destruction rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the face of nano-zinc oxide
Darabitabar, F., Hedayati, A., salati, A., Hosseinifar, H. .

Unsuitable water quality and pollutants in the water causing stress response and eventually occurs on physiological parameters of fish health and reduced immune function of fish, hence the use of vitamins seems like a very necessary safety supplier for improve immunity. More

Unsuitable water quality and pollutants in the water causing stress response and eventually occurs on physiological parameters of fish health and reduced immune function of fish, hence the use of vitamins seems like a very necessary safety supplier for improve immunity. 170 pieces of fish with an average weight of 170 grams was taken at 70 L tanks. Then fish were placed in 40 and 80 mg per liter concentrations of nanoparticles on two levels of vitamin C (400 and 800 mg per kilogram of food). Compatibility during was performed twice feeding during this period fish with commercial food were fed at a rate of 2% body weight per day. The water used in the workshop physicochemical factors including temperature C ° 20 ± 2, pH 7/2 ± 0/4 and dissolved oxygen 6/74 ± 0/2 and water hardness 185 ± 16 ppm was measured on a daily basis and fixed in all treatments were considered. The combination of 800 mg/kg of vitamin C and 40 mg/l of Nano simultaneously taking the cause of the protective effect of vitamin C by Nano zinc on liver damage so that damages were lower compared with other treatments. This study shows that the use of a suitable material such as vitamin C at high concentration, 800 mg per kg in the diet of rainbow trout, seems to be necessary and useful for increasing the antioxidant defense. Manuscript profile

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37 - Investigation of antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens with colibacillosis to ten antibacterial agents commonly used in the Iranian poultry industry
Azizpour, A., Saeidi Namin, V. .

Colibacillosis is one of the most important of bacterial diseases in poultry industry with huge economic losses that is caused by Escherichia coli. Various antimicrobial agents were used in order to reduce the losses associated with colibacillosis infection. But in rece More

Colibacillosis is one of the most important of bacterial diseases in poultry industry with huge economic losses that is caused by Escherichia coli. Various antimicrobial agents were used in order to reduce the losses associated with colibacillosis infection. But in recent years, enormous use of antibiotics in poultry medicine has been increased antimicrobial resistance among bacterial strains that lead to reduce efficacy of drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the Antibiotic resistance rate of 178 E. coli isolated from 40 broiler flocks with clinical signs of colibacillosis in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. The Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates to ten antibacterial agents commonly used in the Iranian poultry industry was determined by disc diffusion test. According to the results, resistance rates to tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim - sulphadiazine (sultrim), enrofloxacin, neomycin, danofloxacin, colistin, ampicillin, florfenicol and lincospectine were 99.43%, 97.75%, 80.34%, 77.53%, 75.84%, 69.66%, 68.54%, 60.11%, 58.99% and 36.52%, respectively. There were 51 drug resistance patterns among 178 E. coli isolates to ten antibacterial agents commonly used in the poultry industry that 142 isolates (79.78%) belonged to more than one pattern, whereas 36 isolates (20.22%) each isolate belonged to one pattern only. The results of this study show the high frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents commonly used in the Iranian poultry industry. So, National monitoring programs is strongly needed for antimicrobial resistance and rational use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

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38 - Determining the antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella from broiler flocks to 28 antimicrobial agents used in Iran
Azizpour, A.* .

The purpose of this study was to determine the serogroups of isolated Salmonella spp from broiler flocks and their drug resistance patterns to 28 antimicrobial agents commonly used in medicine and veterinary of Iran. One-hundred and eighty-nine samples were collected fr More

The purpose of this study was to determine the serogroups of isolated Salmonella spp from broiler flocks and their drug resistance patterns to 28 antimicrobial agents commonly used in medicine and veterinary of Iran. One-hundred and eighty-nine samples were collected from liver, heart and intestine of slaughtered broiler flocks in Ardabil province for identification of salmonella. The antibiotic resistance rate of isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 189 samples examined, Salmonella was isolated from 22 samples (11.6%). Out of 22 salmonella isolates, fourteen (63.7%), seven (31.8%) and one (4.5%) isolates belonged to serogroups D, C and B, respectively. Multiple resistance was observed among isolates. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (100%), chlortetracycline (91%), streptomycin (91%), doxycycline (86.5%), nalidixic acid (81.8%), neomycin (77.3%), kanamycin (68.3%), furazolidone (63.7%), lincospectin (59.1%), flumequine (54.6%), penicillin (45.5%) and sulfamethoxazole+ trimethoprim (40.9%). Ten resistance patterns to ten antimicrobial agents commonly used in Iranian poultry industry were found in 22 Salmonella isolates 81.82% of isolates were resistant to more than two antibacterials. The results of this study showed that the frequency of resistance to the antimicrobial agents among avian salmonella isolates is a major public health concern. Manuscript profile

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39 - Survey Genotyping of Animal and Human ‏ ‏‏Klebsiella pneumoniae‎ Isolates using ERIC-PCR and evaluation ‎ of Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern
Estabraghi, E., Zahraei Salehi, T.*, Amini, K., Jamshidian, M. .

Klebsiella pneumoniae, is an opportunistic pathogens and cause infections in humans and animals. Drug resistant K. pneumoniae is rising. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing before prescribing antibiotics, it seems necessary. The aim of present study was to s More

Klebsiella pneumoniae, is an opportunistic pathogens and cause infections in humans and animals. Drug resistant K. pneumoniae is rising. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing before prescribing antibiotics, it seems necessary. The aim of present study was to survey typing of clinical and animal K. pneumoniae isolates and evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility. A total 100 clinical and animal K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from Babak city. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed with Kirby-Bauer method according to CLSI guidelines. Then, DNA genomic extraction was done using DNA kit and PCR amplification was performed with ERIC1 and ERIC2 primer. Our results were shown that all strains (100%) were resistant to the ampicillin and amikacin antibiotics. The most and least resistance belong to tetracycline (53 strains; 88.3%) and imipenem (8 isolates; 13.3%), respectively. The results of cluster analysis and drawing dendrogram based on genetic similarities for 100 isolates was separated to seventeen distinct groups. According to our finding indicated an increasing resistance to antibiotics amongst K. pneumoniae. Additionally, the ERIC sequences have a pair of games that contain highly reversed and central reps and are located in the outermost regions of the bacterial genome and have less complexity in determining the genetic diversity of all isolates, but the separation good at the strain level.     Manuscript profile

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40 - Prevalence of salmonella serotypes in livestock feedstuff and their antibiotic resistance to antibiotics widely used in the Iranian health centers
, A Azizpour سیامک Ghazaei,

Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that the most of salmonella infection in humans result from the ingestion of contaminated food. In recent years, resistance of salmonella to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing and has emerged as More

Salmonellosis is an important zoonotic disease that the most of salmonella infection in humans result from the ingestion of contaminated food. In recent years, resistance of salmonella to commonly used antimicrobials is increasing and has emerged as a global problem. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of salmonella serotypes in livestock feedstuff and their antibiotics resistance rate to antibacterial agents widely used in the Iranian health centers. To achieve this, fifty samples from livestock feedstuff were collected randomly from different parts of Ardabil city for identification of salmonella .The antibiotic resistance rate of isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. Out of 50 samples examined, Salmonella was isolated from 4 samples (8%). The result of serotyping was Enteritidis (50%), Muenchen(25%) and Unknown (25%). Multiple resistance was observed among isolates. The highest resistance was to Tetracycline (100%), Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (100%), Cotrimoxazole (100%), Amicycin (100%), Chloramphenicol (66.7%), Amoxicillin (66.7%), Doxycycline (33.4%), Florfenicol (33.4%) and Enrofloxacin (33.4%). All isolated were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The highest resistance rate was found against most prevalent drugs in poultry and animal industry, reinforcing this hypothesis that wide usage of drugs in the livestock feedstuff results in vast drug resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile

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41 - بررسی وجود ژن‌های مقاوم به کلسیتین(mcr- pmr) در کلبسیلاپنومونیه جداشده از شیر خام با روش Multiplex-PCR
Maleki, N. ملکی , K Amini , G Javadi

کلبسیلا پنومونیه باکتری گرم منفی رودهای است که سبب عفونتهای بیمارستانی میشود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی ژنوتیپی ژن‌های مقاوم به کلسیتین (mcr- pmr) در کلبسیلا پنومونیه جداشده از شیر خام با روش Multiplex-PCR است.از 220 تانک نگهداری شیر خام در مراکز نگهد More

کلبسیلا پنومونیه باکتری گرم منفی رودهای است که سبب عفونتهای بیمارستانی میشود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی ژنوتیپی ژن‌های مقاوم به کلسیتین (mcr- pmr) در کلبسیلا پنومونیه جداشده از شیر خام با روش Multiplex-PCR است.از 220 تانک نگهداری شیر خام در مراکز نگهداری شیر در سال 1397 در تهران نمونه‌برداری صورت گرفت. سویه‌های کلبسیلا پنومونیه با استفاده از آزمون‌های روتین بیوشیمیایی و میکروبیولوژیکی استاندارد شناسایی شدند.استخراج &rlm;DNA&rlm; طبق دستورالعمل کیت تجاری مرکز ملی ذخایر ژنتیکی و زیستی ایران (&rlm;MBK0041&lrm;&rlm;) انجام شد. بعد از انجام آزمون &rlm;PCR&rlm; در دستگاه ترموسایکلر جهت بررسی حضور ژن‌های mcr  وpmr محصول نمونه‌ها  بر روی ژل آگارز 1% انتقال داده‌شده و با اتیدیوم‌بروماید رنگ‌آمیزی و سپس در دستگاه ژل داک موردبررسی قرار گرفت. در این مطالعه به بررسی فنوتیپی و ژنوتیپی دو ژن mcr و pmr، در 60 جدایه باکتری  کلبسیلا پنومونیه پرداخته شد. در این میان ژن mcr با فراوانی 11، (3/18%)  و ژن Pmr  با فراوانی 7، (6/11 %) گزارش شد. ردیابی دو ژن موردمطالعه با روش مالتیپلکس PCR انجام شد که به نظر می‌رسد این اولین موردمطالعه بر روی شیر و بررسی دو ژن mcr، pmrباشد، که در ایران از نمونه‌های شیر جداسازی شده از تانک نگهداری شیر در دامداری‌های صنعتی از باکتری کلبسیلا پنومونیه صورت گرفته است، و دو ژن مذکور به‌عنوان مارکر اصلی شناسایی شدند. Manuscript profile

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42 - Molecular study of SCP, NP, MEP genes in Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolated from dermatophyte lesions
حسن Mohammadifard kumarss amini , M. Bayat , S.J Hashemi , F Noorbakhsh

Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes are important causes of human and animal skin infections that cause infection by expressing pathogenic genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and role of pathogenic genes in the pathogenesis of th More

Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes are important causes of human and animal skin infections that cause infection by expressing pathogenic genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and role of pathogenic genes in the pathogenesis of these fungies. In this study, 48 approved samples were obtained from the mycology collection of Pasteur Institute of Tehran. The fungies were grown in specific media and differential tests were performed for both dermatophytes. DNA extraction was performed using a special kit. Multiplex PCR was performed using specific primers to evaluate the presence of target genes. The results obtained from Multiplex PCR showed that in the studied strains mep4 and mep1,2,4 showed the highest presence in Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, respectively. The results of Multiplex PCR for ScpA, B and Np genes indicated that NP gene was present in approximately 80% of both dermatophyte strains. The presence of ScpA gene was observed in 6 strains of Trichophyton rubrum and 14 strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The data of this study confirmed the synergistic effect of pathogenic genes in the pathogenesis process. The present study also proved that the Multiplex PCR method is an accurate and precise method that can increase the chances of treatment in patients with this disease by significant reducing the time of diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Manuscript profile

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43 - Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Yarrow Hydroalcoholic Extract on Salmonella with Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene Isolated from Dogs with diarrhea
ابوالفضل Solyemani asl مریم Karimi-Dehkordi

Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness and serious health concerns worldwide. The high Prevalence of Salmonella is one of the problems in the livestock industry. Due to the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, in this study we evaluated the an More

Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness and serious health concerns worldwide. The high Prevalence of Salmonella is one of the problems in the livestock industry. Due to the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics, in this study we evaluated the antibacterial effects of Yarrow hydroalcoholic extract on Salmonella with antibiotic resistance gene isolated from diarrhea dogs. For this purpose, fecal samples of 83 dogs with diarrhea were immediately cultured by swap in differential media. After confirmation of Salmonella isolates in both molecular and microbial methods, the presence of aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac (3) -IIa and aac (3) -Ia) was investigated. The antibacterial effect of yarrow extract and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was investigated. Finally, the results were analyzed in SPSS 20 software. The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria in the fecal sample of diarrhea dogs was 8.5%.In the MIC study among the measured groups, the lowest inhibitory concentration in mg/ml for strains with aac (3) -Ia, aac (3) -IIa, aac (3) -Ia + aac (3) -IIa and isolates without resistance genes were 78.2±66.3, 46.9±22.1, 62.5 and 93.8±44.2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between these groups (p>0.05). Due to the fact that yarrow has different compounds that can have a strong effect on the inhibition of various microorganisms. Therefore, choosing the right treatment strategies such as the use of medicinal plants like yarrow can play an effective role in reducing the prevalence and epidemic of bacterial diseases. Manuscript profile

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44 - In vitro Effect of Carotenoid Pigment of Rhodotorula glutinis on Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis
S. Naisi, منصور Bayat, , T Zahraei Salehi, بهاره Rahimian Zarif, R. Yahyaraeyat,

10.30495/jcp.2022.20937

Mastitis, as a most costly disease of dairy cows, causes a lot of damage to the livestock industry in the world every year. One of the most important bacteria which causes clinical mastitis in cattle is S. aureus, which has become resistant to most common antibiotics in More

Mastitis, as a most costly disease of dairy cows, causes a lot of damage to the livestock industry in the world every year. One of the most important bacteria which causes clinical mastitis in cattle is S. aureus, which has become resistant to most common antibiotics in veterinary medicine. Therefore, researchers are looking for new methods in the treatment of such infections, in which the pigments of microorganisms fall into this category. The aim of this recent study was to optimize the production of carotenoid pigments by Rhododorula yeast and to investigate its antimicrobial effect on S. aureus isolates To isolate S. aureus, samples were taken from the milk of 100 cows with mastitis and the femA gene was identified for molecular confirmation among suspicious isolates of Staphylococcus by PCR method. Also, the isolate of R. glutinis obtained from one of the samples of mastitis was further examined and used as a sample of yeast producing pigment. The results showed that in addition to S. aureus as one of the causative agents of mastitis in dairy cattle, but also the yeast R. glutinis can be a causative agent of mastitis. The inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus using the pigment extracted from R. glutinis was also quite evident and more than 80% of S. aureus isolates were sensitive to the pigment at a concentration of 200 μg. R. glutenis inhibits excellent growth in S. aureus as one of the leading causes of mastitis in cows. The cause is the appearance of synthetic antibiotics and the reduction of microbial resistance. Manuscript profile

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45 - Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Dill (Anethum graveolen L.) and garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) against of Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC= 14028)
نازیلا Eslami, , Y , Anzabi, M.A Nour Azar,

10.30495/jcp.2022.21486

Salmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of livestock and humans worldwide. With the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the tendency to use medicinal plants to control microorganisms has increased. The aim of this research was to investigate the anti More

Salmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of livestock and humans worldwide. With the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the tendency to use medicinal plants to control microorganisms has increased. The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial effects of the essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and salmonella typhimurium (ATCC=14028). For this purpose, first, the essential oils of the mentioned plants were extracted by steam distillation using a Clovenger machine. Then, using the microdilution broth method, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of essential oils alone and in combination, as well as drug sensitivity or resistance testing based on the well diffusion method in agar against the standard strain of Salmonella‌ typhimurium bacteria, were determined in comparison with three common antibiotics in veterinary medicine. The MIC was calculated for thyme (0.25), mixed essential oil (0.50), doxycycline (0.0078) and oxytetracycline (<0.00195) μg/ml. The MBC for them was 0.25, 0.50, 0.0156 and >0.00195 respectively. Dill essential oil and erythromycin antibiotic had no antimicrobial effect against Salmonella typhimurium. The highest effect was related to oxytetracycline (with a growth inhibition diameter of 27 mm) and the lowest effect was related to thyme essential oil (with a growth inhibition diameter of 10 mm). Unlike dill essential oil, garden thyme essential oil has a significant antibacterial effect. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

46 - A survey of prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from eggs in Ardabil area, Iran
آیدین Azizpour,

10.30495/jcp.2022.21488

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases globally. Eggs can contaminated with S.aureus when they make contact with dirty surfaces, litter materials as well as clothing and hands of poultry workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to More

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases globally. Eggs can contaminated with S.aureus when they make contact with dirty surfaces, litter materials as well as clothing and hands of poultry workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from eggs in Ardabil area located in the northwest of Iran. One hundred and fifty eggs were collected randomly from poultry farms (n=50) and retail outlets (n=50 native and n=50 bulk) in different parts of Ardabil. In terms of S. aureus contamination, eggs were examined using bacterial culture and biochemical tests. From 150 egg samples examined, 9 samples (9.3%) were infected with S. aureus. Out of these, the highest contamination rate of S. aureus was observed in native, industrial and bulk eggs 50%, 28.58% and 21.42%, respectively. There was the highest resistance to penicillin (78.57%), tetracycline (71.42%) and ampicillin (64.28%), while the lowest resistance was observed to chloramphenicol (21.42%), gentamicin (14.28%) and ciprofloxacin (7.14%). All the S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%). The results of this study indicate the presence of S. aureus infection in eggs and the relatively high prevalence of S. aureus isolates  resistant to some antibiotics is a potential risk to human health. It is necessary to pay attention to hygienic points in storing and consuming eggs and monitoring the use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

47 - Isolation and identification of dominant Salmonella species and their virulence factors in pets and their owners in Isfahan city
آتنابلالی Balali Dehkordi علی Sharifzadeh

10.30495/jcp.2022.21926

Salmonellosis is a common disease between humans and animals, and in some cases, animals carrying bacteria are a potential source of contamination for humans. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of dogs and cats and their owners in epidemiology of sal More

Salmonellosis is a common disease between humans and animals, and in some cases, animals carrying bacteria are a potential source of contamination for humans. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of dogs and cats and their owners in epidemiology of salmonellosis in in Isfahan city. For this purpose, Rectal swabs of 115 asymptomatic dogs and cats from Isfahan city (2021) were cultured and evaluated by PCR. Salmonella isolates were serotyped and virulence gene and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility applying standard methods. The results obtained in the present study indicated that Salmonella spp. were isolated from 8% of cats,16% of cat owners and 12% of dog owners samples. 2 salmonella serotypes were observed including S. typhymurium (80%), and S. enteritidis (20%). The results showed that there is no significant relationship between age, condition of the digestive system and the environment of storage with the amount of salmonella infection in dogs and cats. Also, no connection was observed between the contamination of animals and their owners. According to the results, all cases were infected with invA and flic strains. According to the antibiogram tests performed, they were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, nalidixic acid, semi-sensitive to tetracycline, gentamicin, cephalothin   and resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin. Isolation of Salmonella spp. from asymptomatic cats and dogs makes them dangerous source of Salmonella and a treat for human and animal health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

48 - The relationship between resistance to change and the productivity of the librarians at Tehran Islamic Azad University branches
Farnoosh Azimi Khabazan Mina Afshari

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between resistance to change and the productivity of the librarians at Tehran branches of the Islamic Azad University. Methodology: The methodology of this study was descriptive and correlation. Participant More

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between resistance to change and the productivity of the librarians at Tehran branches of the Islamic Azad University. Methodology: The methodology of this study was descriptive and correlation. Participants included 145 librarians at 44 library locations of Islamic Azad University. The instrument used in data gathering was a questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and analytical methods plus the SPSS 22 had been used. 145 questionnaires were handed out but only 135 of them were received and examined. Findings: “Ability” as one of the dimensions of “librarians’ productivity” was higher than the other elements (with a mean of 3.6) and motivation was the lowest of all (with the mean of 2.1). Moreover, organizational level with the mean of 2.9 had the highest percentage of librarians’ resistance to change and individual level with the mean of 2.6 was the lowest of such resistance. The findings showed that at the Islamic Azad University libraries of Tehran, the individual and group level of resistance to change tended towards the average point and the organizational level of resistance had a tendency to move above the average point. Conclusion: At the libraries of Tehran’s Islamic Azad University branches, the ability of the librarians was at a high level but they had little motivation to enhance their productivity. The high level of organizational resistance to change showed the lack of acceptance of organizational changes by the librarians. Overall, the findings indicated there was tendency to move above the average. In other words, an increase in librarians’ resistance to change lead to reduction in their productivity and vice-versa. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

49 - Efficiency of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation on Surface Strength of Jabalkandi Dune Sand
Kazem Badv ّFarzaneh Douzali Joushin Mohsen Barin

By approaching towards Urmia Lake, the potential source of sand dust originating from the sand dunes can be clearly observed. Wind erosion causes soil and environmental degradation. The high cost of petroleum mulches and their destructive effects on the environment have More

By approaching towards Urmia Lake, the potential source of sand dust originating from the sand dunes can be clearly observed. Wind erosion causes soil and environmental degradation. The high cost of petroleum mulches and their destructive effects on the environment have led to the use of environmentally friendly and cheaper materials. In this study, the control of surface erosion of sand dust in the Jabalkandi region has been investigated by enhancing its surface strength by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation. An aerobic sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria, which exists pervasively in natural soil deposits was utilized to control soil erosion. The industrial corn extract has been used to cultivate this bacterium. To evaluate the effect of bacteria, the undrained shear strength of the soil was measured using insitu vane shear apparatus. The evaluated parameters included the bacteria concentration, retention time, effect of double injection with 7 days delay period, effect of environmental conditions on the bacteria functionality and the rate of gain of surface strength. The results showed improvement of the soil shear strength with time. The resulted maximum soil shear strength was 0.65 kg/cm2. The results indicated that the reinjection of the bacteria solution and cementation resulted in 60 % extra surface strength gain of the soil compared to one time injection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

50 - Short-Term Effects of Mushroom Substrate Compost on Penetration Resistance, Aggregate Size Distribution and Their Stability in Soils with Different Textures
Chiman Mahdizadeh Hossein Bayat

10.30495/wsrcj.2023.71436.11348

Background and objectives: Adding organic matter to the soil is an important method to solve the problem of compaction and consequently penetration resistance and fertility reduction. Mushroom substrate compost (MSC) has many properties that are required for growing org More

Background and objectives: Adding organic matter to the soil is an important method to solve the problem of compaction and consequently penetration resistance and fertility reduction. Mushroom substrate compost (MSC) has many properties that are required for growing organic crops and environmental management. Considering that the ingredients of mushroom substrate compost (including heavy soil, light soil, root soil, wheat straw and stubble, limestone and chicken manure) are different from other types of organic materials, it is necessary to carry out new research to investigate its effect on the physico-chemical properties of the soil. Although different textures behave differently but, the effect of MSC on the penetration resistance and aggregates size distribution in different soils, has not been studied, so far. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of MSC on the penetration resistance, mean weight diameter of aggregates, aggregates size distribution and organic matter content in three soil types. Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications.  Factors consist Soil texture at three levels (sandy loam, loam and clay) was the first factor, and MSC at three levels (0, 3 and 6% W/W) was the second factor. After treatment of the soils, samples were then incubated for 120 days, and they were saturated and dried with urban water, regularly, once a month (saturated from above), during this period. At the end of the incubation period, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken by 5 cm in diameter and 4.5 cm in height steal cylinders. The penetration resistance was measured by a micro-penetrometer on the core samples at the matric suction of 0.3 bar. Organic matter, mean weight diameter of aggregates and aggregates size distribution were measured. Results: The results showed that the use of 6% level mushroom substrate compost in the sandy loam soil caused a decrease in the penetration resistance compared to the level of 3% and the control, due to the interaction between the compounds in the compost and the creation of stable soil aggregates. Also, the results showed that highest amount of organic matter and mean weight diameter of aggregates at 6% level of MSC was found in loam texture. Also, the order of the mass of aggregates in classes 4-8 and 2-4 mm, was in loam> sandy loam> clay, with significant differences between the textures. Application of MSC at 3 and 6% levels in the loam texture significantly increased the mass of aggregates of 0.25 – 0.5 and 0.5-1 mm in comparison with control. These aggregates did not show significant differences in sandy loam and clay soils at different application levels of the MSC. Organic matter, mean weight diameter of aggregates, mass of aggregates of 0.5 to 1, and 0.25 to 0.5 mm increased in the range of 27 to 66%, 16 to 34.5%, 4 to 117.5% and 4 to 170%, respectively, by increasing MSC application levels at different soils. Conclusion: This compost is different from other modifiers and can have different effective mechanisms in different textures. The simultaneous addition of lime, clay and organic matter (through compost) to soils with different textures causes cation exchange reactions in the soil. Lime as one of the main additives that has the ability to improve the behavior of fine-grained soils has been noticed for a long time. In this way, in clay and loam soils, the interaction between lime and clay with organic matter plays an important role as soil accumulation factors by forming cationic bridges. The use of lime and gypsum directly improve soil resistance. Therefore, the use of mushroom substrate compost in agricultural lands is useful for improving the soil structure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

51 - The effect of compaction test component on development of stress-strain in the clay soil in comparison to clay- sand soil
Javad Ahadian Amin Salemnia Mahmood Karimi

Soil strength and elasticity modules are important parameters in the engineering characteristics of soils. Bearing capacity is increased by soil strength. Elasticity module determines the potential of soil deformation. In this experiment, stabilization of prob More

Soil strength and elasticity modules are important parameters in the engineering characteristics of soils. Bearing capacity is increased by soil strength. Elasticity module determines the potential of soil deformation. In this experiment, stabilization of problematic clay soils using sands were investigated. The samples were prepared with variable soil moisture and compaction, and were tested in single-axis compression apparatus in the soil mechanics laboratory of Shahid Chamran University (SCU) in Khuzistan province. The samples were tested with soil moistures as follows: optimum humidity; 2% and 4% less than optimum; and 2% and 4% more than optimum moisture. The compaction of applied, R.C, were equal to 85, 95 and 100 percents. Using the obtained data, the soil strength and elasticity modules were calculated. Our findings show that for all in clay and sandy-clay samples tested increasing moisture lead to decrease of soil strength. However, reduction of soil strength in the sandyclay sample is more than problematic clay soils samples. Results of these experiments regarding the moisture change from 4% less than optimum to 4% more than optimum, decreased soil strength of problematic clay soil, approximate 84%, while, for sandy-clay soil it was about 93 percents. Moreover, decreasing of elasticity module in sandy clay samples with 100% compaction and 13% moisture is approximately 51 percents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

52 - Optimization of vegetable ice cream formulation based on almond milk and hazelnut oil
Minoo Ramezani Sara Jafarian Mohammad Ahmadi Leila Roozbeh Nasiraie

10.30495/jftn.2022.64011.11162

Introduction: The aim of this study is to optimize the formulation of beneficial ice cream based on almond milk, hazelnut oil and grape juice.Methods: For this purpose, treatment was performed based on the ice cream formulation and based on the highest level of response More

Introduction: The aim of this study is to optimize the formulation of beneficial ice cream based on almond milk, hazelnut oil and grape juice.Methods: For this purpose, treatment was performed based on the ice cream formulation and based on the highest level of response. Response variables include; The melting point overrun and overall acceptance. The functional relationship between the parameters affecting the ice cream formulation was determined using the Box Bancon experimental design.results: In this study, the aim of optimization is to achieve the highest percentage of overrun and the highest melting resistance, which is one of the important quality indicators of ice cream in consumer acceptance. Based on the selected models, the optimal formulation selected by the software included 10.57% hazelnut oil, 63.26% almond milk and 25.81% grape juice.Conclusion: The presence of almond milk, grape juice and hazelnut oil in the ice cream formula improved the effective properties such as firmness, increased overrun and melting resistance of ice cream in promoting marketability and product acceptance by consumers. Almond milk increased the volume and decreased the melting point by increasing its viscosity and high protein content. With the addition of grape juice and hazelnut oil, the overall acceptance rate was higher. As a result, these plant compounds with beneficial nutritional and health properties can be used in ice cream formulations and while maintaining the texture and melting properties of ice cream, lead to the production of useful products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

53 - Comparison of the Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacilli Isolated from Traditional Dairy Products with the Antibiotic Resistance of Lactobacilli Isolated from Industrially Produced Dairy Products
B. Moghimi M. Ghobadi Dana R. Shapouri

Introduction: Lactobacilli are a member of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) family that are used as starter culture in the production of industrial and traditional dairy products. Lactobacilli could potentially play an important role in the transition of antibiotic resist More

Introduction: Lactobacilli are a member of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) family that are used as starter culture in the production of industrial and traditional dairy products. Lactobacilli could potentially play an important role in the transition of antibiotic resistance to gastrointestinal bacteria or pathogenic bacteria.Materials and Methods: In this study, Lactobacilli were isolated from traditional yogurts, yogurt drinks and industrial yogurts and yogurt drinks and the antibiotic resistance to  13 antibiotic including: Penicillin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Vancomycin, Nalidixic acid, Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole, Kanamycin, Rifampin, Ciprofloxacin, and Chloramphenicol have been investigated and the results were compared.Results: According to the results, vancomycin resistance was the most prevalent phenotype in traditional yogurt (45.8%) and yogurt drink (40%) and in industrial yogurt (59%) and yogurt drink (50%) respectively. Except in the case of Penicillin and rifampin there was no significant difference between the resistances of Lactobacilli isolated from industrial yogurt to other studied antibiotics in this study are compared to the resistance of Lactobacillus isolated from traditional yogurt. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Lactobacilli isolated from industrial yogurt drink is significantly higher than the resistance of Lactobacilli isolated from traditional yogurt drink and there was no significant difference between the resistances to the other studied antibiotics inLactobacillus isolated from industrial and traditional yogurt drink.Conclusion:Antibiotic resistance was observed in Lactobacilli isolates of traditional and industrial samples. It seems that there is a need to pay attention to the antibiotic resistance in starter cultures used in the food industries in order to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

54 - The Effect of Blackberry Extract on the Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation after Acute Resistance Exercise in Obese Men
Sirvan Atashak Abdollah Niloofari Kamal Azizbaygi

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, that is associated with increased oxidative stress statues. Moreover, despite of many studies that indicated regular exercise training is associated with numerous hea More

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, that is associated with increased oxidative stress statues. Moreover, despite of many studies that indicated regular exercise training is associated with numerous health benefits, it has been shown that acute exercise might give rise to increased oxidative stress. Therefore, natural supplementation might attenuate oxidative stress in exercise. The present study is conducted to assess the effect of blackberry extract on the total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation after acute resistance exercise in obese men.Materials and Methods: In a randomized double-blind design, twenty obese men (BMIS 30) were assigned into one of two placebo (n = 10) and supplement (n = 10) groups. Supplement group received 100 mg blackberry daily for seven days while other group consumed placebo.All subjects underwent resistance exercise that included nine exercises with 60% 1-RM. Venous blood samples to determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index to lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity were obtained one week prior to the exercise, immediately before the exercise and 24 hours after the exercise.Results: The results indicated that MDA concentration significantly increased after resistance exercise in placebo group as compared to the supplement group (P<0.05). Moreover, the mean of total antioxidant capacity remained unchanged in both groups in immediately preexercise and 24 h post exercise (P>0.005).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that acute resistance exercise give rise to increased MDA concentration in obese men. The application of blackberry extract employed as an antioxidant supplement might ameliorate this marker and prevent the oxidative stress damage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

55 - The Effect of 16 Weeks of Low Calorie Diet on Irisin Serum Levels and Insulin Resistance Index in Obese Sedentary Women
A. Ramezankhani R. Sori

Introduction: Irisin is a new adipokine that is released from membrane protein FNDC5 and has positive effects on metabolism. The aim of this study was to survey the effects of caloric restriction on serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in obese sedentary wom More

Introduction: Irisin is a new adipokine that is released from membrane protein FNDC5 and has positive effects on metabolism. The aim of this study was to survey the effects of caloric restriction on serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in obese sedentary women. Materials and Methods: Twenty women (Mean± SD: 41.40±4.53 years; 76.69±6.14 Kg) who referred to home health of west of Tehran were divided into two groups; caloric restriction group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The calorie restriction group, in the intervention period, received 25% less than the estimated daily energy requirement. Serum irisin, glucose, insulin levels and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR were measured before and after 16 weeks. Results: Weight, BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist to hip ratio), serum irisin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased significantly in the caloric restriction group. Significant correlation were observed between changes of serum irisin levels with changes of body weight, WHR, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between serum irisin levels with BMI, WHR and HOMA-IR. 16 weeks of caloric restriction is effective in reduction of serum irisin levels and insulin resistance in obese sedentary women. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

56 - Effect of Active Coating with Carboxy Methyl Cellulose and Tragacanth Containing Cloves Extract on Some Quality and Shelf Life of Eggs During Storage
R. Roudashtian Sh. Shabani G.H. Asadi

Introduction: Among foods, egg is noticeable due to its high content of proteins, essential amino acids and fat soluble vitamins. The presence of low amount of water and carbon dioxide inside the shell have direct effect in the freshness and quality of the egg. These tw More

Introduction: Among foods, egg is noticeable due to its high content of proteins, essential amino acids and fat soluble vitamins. The presence of low amount of water and carbon dioxide inside the shell have direct effect in the freshness and quality of the egg. These two elements may fade away during storage and therefore the quality may be diminished as the result. A novel method for preventing this phenomenon is the coating of relevant channels by biopolymeric materials. In this study, the effect of coating with CMC biopolymer reinforced with tragacanth containing clove ethanolic extract during storage were evaluated. Materials and Methods: The qualitative factors studied were percentage, weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, albumin pH, shell resistancy in 30 days of room temperature. Results: The results that were counted out in triplicate orders indicated that 1.5% CMC, 1.5% tragacanth, 10% clove extract concentrations exhibited the best results. conclusion: It might be concluded that coating as mentioned earlier had a positive effect and meaningful difference with the uncoated samples improved and extended the storage shelf life of eggs at room temperature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

57 - Seismic Assessment of Environment Friendly Dams (CSG Dam)
Amir Arefian Ali Noorzad Mohsen Ghaemian Abbas Hosseini

10.22034/jest.2018.19300.2805

Background and Objective: Trapezoidal Cemented Sand and Gravel Dam(trapezoidal CSG dams) are new type of dams which recently considered as environmental point of view specially. These types of dams have less negative effect on environment specially compare to concrete w More

Background and Objective: Trapezoidal Cemented Sand and Gravel Dam(trapezoidal CSG dams) are new type of dams which recently considered as environmental point of view specially. These types of dams have less negative effect on environment specially compare to concrete weight dams. Considering the positive environmental performance of these dams, it’s important to assess their structural performance. Method: As the dynamic researches on CSG dams are so limited, this research will analysis the trapezoidal CSG dams using finite element method with ABAQUS software. Findings: To calculate earthquake damages, fragility curves plotted based on damage index which is the length of cracks on the dam base and areas of the cracks on dam. Discussion and Conclusion: The final results of this research shows trapezoidal CSG dams comparing with concrete dams showing a good structure resistance and in some other sampels they showed a better performance than concrete gravity dams, considering the materials in trapezoidal CSG dams weakened to reduce the negative environment aspect of dams. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

58 - 1
داریوش منصوری مسعود ترابی آزاد

1

1 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

59 - 5
آرزو طهمورث پور روحا کسری رکمانشاهی اشرف السادات نوحی

5

5 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

60 - 7
محمدرضا ذوالفقاری فریدون ملک زاده محمدعلی آموزگار محمدرضا رضوی

7

7 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

61 - Antibiotic Resistance in Isolated Negative Gram Bacteria From Intestinal Organ of Anzali Wetland Wild Common Carp
Shila Safaeian Zahra Moghaddam Hedayat Hosseiny Akbar Esmaili

Introduction: A research has been performed on antibiotics' resistance in negative gram bacteriaseparated of wild common carps intestinal organ.Material and Method: 126 negative Gram bacteria have been separated in total and resistancerate of bacteria in relation to 6 A More

Introduction: A research has been performed on antibiotics' resistance in negative gram bacteriaseparated of wild common carps intestinal organ.Material and Method: 126 negative Gram bacteria have been separated in total and resistancerate of bacteria in relation to 6 Antibiotics are measured: Ampicillin (10 microgram Am),Streptomycin (30 microgram S), Tetracycline (30 microgram T), Chloramphenicol (30 microgram C),Gentamycine (10 microgram GM), Amikacin (30 microgram AK).Results and Discussion: The results showed that negative Gram bacteria in comparison toantibiotic such as Ampicillin (93.5%), Streptomycin (51.15%), Tetracycline (46.5%) had higherresistance. So it showed that such bacteria’s resistance in comparison to Chloramphenicol (12.15%). isrelatively low and it showed loss of existence of resistance in negative Gram bacteria in comparison toGentamycine and Amikacin (0%).Surveying of the resistance rate of bacteria to some antibiotics show that 80% of separated bacteriafrom fish intestinal organ in comparison to consumption antibiotics are multi-resistance.Research shows that antibiotics consumption in animal is growing and more consumption ofantibiotics in environment could cause bioenvironmental problems such as resistance againstantibiotics. This research which was done for the first time in Anzali Wetland on Antibiotic resistancerate in negative Gram bacteria separated of wild common carp digestive system shows that negativegram system resistance against antibiotics in Anzali Wetland is high. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

62 - Determination of optimal percent mixing of cardboard waste in production of non-load bearing concrete
Daryoush Yousefi Kebria Seyyedeh Fatemeh Seyyedalipour Mehdi Dehestani

incineration and disposal methods for their waste production. Hazardous substances contained in thesewastes can contaminate the environment and cause a risk for the human health. Many recent studiesshow that some of the paper and cardboard industry wastes can be used as More

incineration and disposal methods for their waste production. Hazardous substances contained in thesewastes can contaminate the environment and cause a risk for the human health. Many recent studiesshow that some of the paper and cardboard industry wastes can be used as raw material in theconstruction industry. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal percent mixing of cardboardwaste in production of non-load bearing concrete.Materials and method: In this study, two kinds of recycled paperboard mill wastes (type 1: wastecontains cardboard and sand and type 2: waste containing nylon, cardboard and Yonolit) that have themost volume of the wastes were used. Physical and microbial characteristic of wastes were measuredaccording to ASTM. As well as the chemical composition of the waste consists of various elementswere measured by using an electron microscope. After preparation of the samples, the required testswere carried out to determine the optimal mixture of waste in concrete at the ages of 7, 14 and 28 daysrespectively.Results: Since the pH of fresh concrete containing waste is greater than 12, can be sure that therewill not be any microbiological problem. In general, the use of waste in concrete production reducesthe compressive strength of the samples. Comparing the compressive strength of concrete containingwaste type 1 and concrete samples containing both waste types shows that reducing the amount ofwaste type 2 in compare with waste type 1 improves concrete strength. The results of dry density testshow the density decrease of concrete samples containing waste by increasing the percentage of wastereplacing in the sand. Also using of waste type 2 causes lighter concrete samples in compare withusing waste type 1. Optimal amounts of waste replacement instead of sand for samples containingwaste type 1 and type 2, 70% and 75% ,respectively, as well as for samples containing both wastetypes, 49% of waste type 1 and 21% waste type 2.1- Assistant professor, Department of Civil & Environmental engineering, Babol Noshirvani University ofTechnology, Babol, Iran.2- MSc in Environmental engineering Department of Civil & Environmental engineering, Babol NoshirvaniUniversity of Technology, Babol, Iran.3- 1-Assistant professor, Department of Civil & Eenvironmental engineering, Babol Noshirvani University ofTechnology, Babol, Iran.J.Env.Sci,TechJ.Env. Sci. Tech., Vol 17, No.3, Autumn 2015203Conclusion: According to the results, in terms of economic and environmental benefits, the use ofwaste type 1 in the production of concrete for the lower use of cement is more satisfactory. The use ofpaperboard mill wastes in the production of concrete due to environmental and economical efficiency(profitability and employment, reducing the cost of transferring waste to landfills, reducing structuralweight, using waste instead of buying sand and reduce the environmental pollution caused byincineration and landfilling) is noticeable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

63 - investing in start-ups in order to achieve a resilient economy and economic defense
mohammadreza ranjbar fallah hamid fatahi

Today, start-ups play an important role in the economic growth of developed countries, and in the meantime, this type of business can play a decisive role in the realization of a resilient economy and the establishment of appropriate methods of economic defense. Accordi More

Today, start-ups play an important role in the economic growth of developed countries, and in the meantime, this type of business can play a decisive role in the realization of a resilient economy and the establishment of appropriate methods of economic defense. Accordingly, in the present study, we seek to answer the question of how investing in start-ups helps to achieve a resilient economy and economic defense? The present research is applied in terms of purpose and uses the qualitative research method in the form of structured foundation data theory. For this purpose, based on the analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with 11 managers and experts of start-up businesses, the process of the phenomenon under study was discovered. Data analysis was performed based on open, axial and selective coding methods. The model obtained from this research shows that the main category that is the common chapter between start-ups and resistance economics is the tendency towards knowledge-based economics. Among the causal factors influencing this process include the components of business owner mentality, inward looking, value-oriented model, risk-taking and teamwork; Environmental factors including government, media, academia and social environment; Intermediate or contextual factors including networking, culture, government institutions, human capital, education system and social capital; Strategies and actions include financing, management consulting, accelerators, entrepreneurial intent and productivity that lead to the creation of economic and defense value as well as increased economic resilience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

64 - Presentation a technology commercialization model in ICT Knowledge base companies
Mehri Yahiaei Ali Hasanzadeh

In this paper, effective factors, obstacles and various models of commercialization have been identified in ICT companies globally and Finally, has been proposed based on the PESTLE model, a native model for technology commercialization in domestic companies. The resul More

In this paper, effective factors, obstacles and various models of commercialization have been identified in ICT companies globally and Finally, has been proposed based on the PESTLE model, a native model for technology commercialization in domestic companies. The results of this study showed that all six factors of PESTLE model are effective on technology commercialization; the most important effective factor is economics and the least effective factor is legislation. Also, sequentially, the most important factors affecting the commercialization of technology are specific laws in the IT industry, technology transfer and licensing, technological maturity,access to raw materials and energy, interest rates, consumers' attitude to goods and services, government allocation, outsourcing Technology, Immigration, Ethical Issues, New Product Development, Prospects for Future Policies, Income Distribution, Internal Economic Situation, and Intellectual Property Rights.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

65 - Designing Joint Investment Fund to increase the capacity of the insurance reinsurance
Saeed Soleimani Mahdi Sadeghi Shahedani Mohammad Fetanat

Many accidents occur every year around the world cause material and human losses. The amount of insured losses resulting from these incidents make damage inflicted on the insurance company. in some cases, the insurance company are faced with the threat of bankruptcy. In More

Many accidents occur every year around the world cause material and human losses. The amount of insured losses resulting from these incidents make damage inflicted on the insurance company. in some cases, the insurance company are faced with the threat of bankruptcy. Insurance companies use reinsurance to approach to the crisis traditionally. But it should be noted that the reinsurance companies have limited storage capacity and concentration risk. so, one of the effective tools to solve this problem is a direct relationship between the insurance industry and the capital market as a concept called "risk securitization". This is known as debt securities insurance. However, an additional problem in our country is international sanctions that cause limitation. In this case the cost of such reinsurance increases. Thus, according to studies and evaluated that were collected and analyzed by using the Delphi technique ideas theme "insurance investing investment fund  reinsurance in order to increase capacity" was proposed.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

66 - Investigating the Effect of “BMI” Policies By “Resistive Economy” Approach on Increasing of “Return On Asset” Index
Esmaeil Nasseri Mohammad Abbasi fard Ali Jamshidi Hossein Abdi Hanjani

"Resistive economy", this is a type of economy which helps Iran to be in a position it deserves. It's an economy based on production and scientific innovation which has high efficiency. This kind of economy cannot be threatened. The "Resistive economy" helps the Iranian More

"Resistive economy", this is a type of economy which helps Iran to be in a position it deserves. It's an economy based on production and scientific innovation which has high efficiency. This kind of economy cannot be threatened. The "Resistive economy" helps the Iranian nation play an important role in the international arena. Following Leader’s general policies on "Resistive economy" and president’s mandate for implementation of leader’s plan, Central Bank is due to plan policies proper to Resistive economy. Now Bank Melli Iran, "BMI" As the greatest bank in islamic world wide shoud be more ready than other competitors to apply the opportunity of "Resistive economy" because it’s life cycle is in "after mature" step, so it is better to follows strategies based on "productivity" than finance growth  and "Resistive economy" approach will expand BMI to reach productivity. In the other hand, "ROA" as productivity indicator of "Resistive economy" policies can be surveillanced in "BMI".       Manuscript profile

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67 - Examining the potential of the energy exchange in performance resistive economic policies and transparency in capital market information
Reza Raei Hosseyn Karami

Abstract: Given the importance of the share of oil revenues in the budget of oil-rich countries, the change of Iranian economic approach from the export of raw materials and natural resources towards the export of products and technical services in line with resistive e More

Abstract: Given the importance of the share of oil revenues in the budget of oil-rich countries, the change of Iranian economic approach from the export of raw materials and natural resources towards the export of products and technical services in line with resistive economy polices has been taken into consideration as a significant matter. In order to achieve this change of approach, the formation of Iranian energy exchange as the fourth capital market exchange was necessary. Besides, the existence of huge reserves of petroleum and natural gas resources as well as appropriate potentials such as powerful refinery and petrochemical complexes that provide the possibility of processing, refining, and conversion of underground sources to oil and higher valued products will significantly contribute to the realization and globalization of resistive economy paradigm which relies on competition and concentration on strengths and opportunities ahead. Furthermore, the exploration of infrastructures needed for the formation of energy exchange and the feasibility study of Iranian capital market conditions compared to international energy exchanges and the establishment of Iranian Energy Exchange will pave the way for the introduction of Iranian financial oil market in the form of the first energy exchange in the Persian Gulf region and make it possible for Iran to become a huge center of energy economy in the international arena. The possibility of liberalization, removal of monopoly, transparency, and price discovery in the competitive environment of the market supply and demand will result in information transparency for cost and sales prices of domestic products and exports of refinery and petrochemical entities listed in the capital market. Furthermore, such information transparency on the performance of firms that involved in oil and gas industry will provide a secure environment for actual and legal investors to make informed investment decisions and thus to earn good returns. Finally, as the findings of the present study suggest; currently it is possible to introduce Iranian energy exchange as a reference for the discovery of prices of crude oil and those of petroleum and petrochemical products in the future. Manuscript profile

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68 - Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Klebsiella Pneumoniae from Patients in Qaem Teaching Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Ali Shamsazar Arshid Yousefi-Avarvand Farzad Khademi

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, non-motile and capsular gram-negative bacillus. It is one of the most important human pathogens and is an important factor in causing nosocomial infections. The bacterium is inherently resistant to a number of antimicrobial agen More

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, non-motile and capsular gram-negative bacillus. It is one of the most important human pathogens and is an important factor in causing nosocomial infections. The bacterium is inherently resistant to a number of antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients referred to Ghaem hospital in Mashhad. A total of 274 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected from April to October 2013 from Qaem teaching hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Identification of these isolates was performed using microbiological methods such as hot staining and differential media. Modified disk diffusion method (MDDM) was used to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to the antibiotics amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, ciprofloxazine, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. In this study 175 isolates (87.63%) were from urine sample and 99 isolates (13.36%) were from different samples (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, ulcer, ascites, and secretions). Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ciprofloxacin, imipenem, nitrofurantoin and gentamicin antibiotics were 71.46%, 9.56%, 3.39% and 30%, respectively. The results of this study indicate that resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to different antibiotics is higher than previous studies. Further studies in this area could help guide us to better understand the antibiotic resistance of these infectious bacteria. Manuscript profile

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69 - Veterinary Antibiotics, Release in the Environment and its Impact on Soil, Plant and Human Health
Mahsa Mohammadzadeh Forouzan Ghasemian Roudsari Akbar Hassani Abbasali Zamani

Background and Objective: Veterinary Antibiotics are widely used in Iran and elsewhere in the world to deal with livestock and poultry diseases, due to increased demand for meat and dairy products in the community. Most of these antibiotics are excreted in the urine and More

Background and Objective: Veterinary Antibiotics are widely used in Iran and elsewhere in the world to deal with livestock and poultry diseases, due to increased demand for meat and dairy products in the community. Most of these antibiotics are excreted in the urine and feces of livestock and poultry and these excrements are used as manure by farmers in fields and gardens. This issue has raised concerns about the release of antibiotics in the environment. Increasing the concentration of these compounds in agricultural environments may lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, and ultimately affect the health of soil, plant, and humans. Method: In this article, a brief overview of the use of antibiotics in the world and Iran, ways to release it in the environment by livestock and poultry manure, its effect on the microbial community of the soil, the accumulation of antibiotics in the edible parts of plants and its impact on the health of human has been studied. Also, the effect of composting livestock and poultry manure before entering the fields and gardens as a suitable strategy to prevent the occurrence of these compounds into the soil has also been studied. Finally, existing research gaps and suggestions for a more accurate understanding of this issue in Iran has been declared. Findings: Most Veterinary antibiotics added to agricultural land are absorbed by plant roots. This leads to their bioaccumulation in plant tissues and toxicity to plants. The type of treatments performed before the introduction of livestock manure into the field determines the final concentration of antibiotics introduced into the environment. Discussion and Conclusions: There are significant research gaps in the release of antibiotics into the environment. In Iran, the concentration of various antibiotics in manure and poultry as well as their fate in soil, plants and humans should be investigated. Key words: Veterinary antibiotics (VAs), Agricultural soil, Manure fertilizer, Antibiotic resistance.  Manuscript profile

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70 - Principles of Sustainability, from the Constitution to the Islamic Revolution, relying on the Poems of Farrokhi Yazdi and Behjati
Akbar Ranjbar Hadi Heidarinia Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh

10.30495/clq.2021.679133

The literature of stability is the loud cry of the oppressed nations against colonialism and oppressive rulers. Although this type of poetry has a thousand-year history in Persian literature; But its composition began seriously and purposefully from the time of the Cons More

The literature of stability is the loud cry of the oppressed nations against colonialism and oppressive rulers. Although this type of poetry has a thousand-year history in Persian literature; But its composition began seriously and purposefully from the time of the Constitution. Poets such as Farrokhi in the era of constitutionalism and Behjati in the era of the Islamic Revolution were among the pioneers in this field. An overview of the poems of the poets shows that these two generations of revolutionary poets have much in common in terms of political and social ideas, and the themes of sustainability literature can be clearly seen in their poems. Therefore, research on the poetic themes of these two poets is important and very necessary. In this research, it has been tried to study the effects of stability in the poems of these two poets by descriptive-analytical method and to answer these questions; In the field of resistance and stability, what common themes and components can be seen in Farrokhi and Behjati poems? What are the poetic characteristics of these two poets in the field of sustainability? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

71 - A comparative study of common themes in the subject of martyrdom and martyrdom In contemporary Persian and Arabic poems of stability
zahra alavi ali eshghi sardehi abolghasem amirahmadi

10.30495/clq.2023.1986152.2560

Sustainability literature has wide and varied themes, one of the most significant of which is martyrdom. Martyr and martyrdom is a category that is mentioned in most of the holy battles, and many poets speak of the arena of resistance against them. In the religion of Is More

Sustainability literature has wide and varied themes, one of the most significant of which is martyrdom. Martyr and martyrdom is a category that is mentioned in most of the holy battles, and many poets speak of the arena of resistance against them. In the religion of Islam, this issue is also given great importance, and Islam does not consider those who sacrifice and lose their lives alive in the way of God. Rather, they are the living who rest in the presence of their God. Commemorating and honoring the martyrs of the country who sacrificed their lives to protect the country and religion is also one of the themes of the poetry of Bisandari.This research aims at a comparative study of the concept of martyr and martyrdom in the poems of Iranian and Arab poets. The results of the research show that Iranian and Arab contemporary revolutionary poets have greatly benefited from this concept in their poems, and their poems contain themes related to the martyr and martyrdom, including: praising the status of a martyr, avenging the blood of a martyr, writing a eulogy for him. and the use of symbols. Manuscript profile

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72 - A comparative study of Common Concepts of Iran and Palestine's Resistance Literature
Hossein Arian Nasrin Beiranvand

Comparative study of the resistance concept is one of the most significant concepts in the world's literature as well as Iran and Palestine's poetry. Resistance literature is the struggle and love to values and expectations; it is a turbulent literature which ignores di More

Comparative study of the resistance concept is one of the most significant concepts in the world's literature as well as Iran and Palestine's poetry. Resistance literature is the struggle and love to values and expectations; it is a turbulent literature which ignores disappointment and regret. The position of resistance literature is irrefutable in nations' changes. The concern of the poets is to warn and awaken the human beings. Martyr, challenge, hometown, symbol, residence, peace and friendship are the most important motifs of resistance poetry. The goal of the present article – which has been done in descriptive – analytic method – is to study the common concepts of the resistance literature in contemporary poetry of Iran and Palestine. Thus in this regard two poets – Salman Harati and Kaiser Aminpour as Iranian poets and Samih Al – Qasem and Mahmoud Darvish as Palestinian poets – from both countries were selected. Manuscript profile

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73 - Islamic Awakening in Farokhi Yazdi and AbulQasim al-Shabi’s Poetry
Abdollah Hosseini Ansar Saliminezhad Osman Esmaeili

The terms Islamic awakening and resistance have always been associated with confronting the oppression and cruelty of rulers and the spread of tyranny and injustice. Boosting the motivation to defend right has had a significant role in the creation and restoration of su More

The terms Islamic awakening and resistance have always been associated with confronting the oppression and cruelty of rulers and the spread of tyranny and injustice. Boosting the motivation to defend right has had a significant role in the creation and restoration of such awakening. Among the contemporary Persian and Arabic poets, Mirza Mohammad Farokhi Yazdi and Abul Qasim al-Shabi respectively, influenced by the socio-political context of their era, wrote poems with the aim of popular and Islamic awakening to resist colonial aggression, oppression, and injustice. The aim of this survey is to study the effects of Islamic and popular awakening in the poems of these two poets.Accordingly, poets are the representatives of the oppressed nations who, having been plagued by the rulers of their times, decide to revolt for justice, completing their struggle in the form of a literature and culture that aims at the knowledge and awakening obtained and nurtured by Islamic and popular resistance against cruelty and oppression. Manuscript profile

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74 - Comparative Study of Mahmoud Darvish and Bahar's Patriotism
Leila Jalali Safi Allah Kord

If the Palestinian – related poetries are divided into three titles as Palestinian displaced, devotees and concepts such as return to Palestine, it would be illuminated that after 1967 which Palestine demonstrated its presence in the battle with Israel, many poetr More

If the Palestinian – related poetries are divided into three titles as Palestinian displaced, devotees and concepts such as return to Palestine, it would be illuminated that after 1967 which Palestine demonstrated its presence in the battle with Israel, many poetries were composed. Mahmoud Darvish – Palestinian resistance poet – became famous after 1967. His poetry could be divided into three stages as beginner with featherless sparrows, intermediate with olive leaves and advanced with love to Palestine. He knows pullback as ten jumps to developments. Since his poetry is the heart of the Palestine's contemporary poetry this the present paper tries to study the resistance literature manifestations such as national identity, patriotism, fight against the old persecution and motivation. Manuscript profile

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75 - A Comparative Study of Resistance Thoughts in the Poetry of Yahya Al-Samawi and Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani
Masoumeh Baghbani Leila Jamshidi

Yahya Samawi, as one of the prominent contemporary poets of Iraq, and Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani, one of the contemporary poets of Iran, try to have an evident role by the weapon of pen, language of art and using various literary techniques in exposing the nature of More

Yahya Samawi, as one of the prominent contemporary poets of Iraq, and Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani, one of the contemporary poets of Iran, try to have an evident role by the weapon of pen, language of art and using various literary techniques in exposing the nature of colonialism and the occupying forces. The present study, in addition to explaining the literary position of these two poets, tries to study in detail and inductively the commonalities and differences of the poets in the concepts of resistance with a comparative approach based on the American school and investigate the emergence of ideas of stability and resistance in Samavi and Shafi'i poetry. The results of this study indicate that the traces of American colonialism in both countries have had bad consequences. Therefore, the two poets, relying on the high values of the Qur'an and Islam and with the support of the rich culture and glorious history of their land, while using national-religious myths symbolically and sometimes openly, have had a significant contribution to the awakening of their nation and by creating the solidarity between them has taken firm steps towards stability. Manuscript profile

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76 - Common principles of resistance literature in the poems of Jamil Sedghi Zahavi and Maroof Al-Rasafi
Alireza Hosseini Hossein Hadidi

Resistance literature is considered as one of the most dynamic contemporary Arab literary currents and was formed especially in Iraq, following the increase of oppression of the Ottoman government and the colonialists in order to fight against it. These poems reflect th More

Resistance literature is considered as one of the most dynamic contemporary Arab literary currents and was formed especially in Iraq, following the increase of oppression of the Ottoman government and the colonialists in order to fight against it. These poems reflect the pains and sufferings, struggle and stability, freedom and express the problems of different strata of human societies, that poets such as Zahawi and Rasafi are the true preachers. With a great effort, they were able to compose exciting poems and provoke the dormant emotions of the people who, in addition to influencing events, also wrote lasting literary works in the interests of their homeland. This article examines the dimensions and angles of the subject using literary and historical research methods. The findings show that love for the homeland, struggle against the Osmani government and the rule of guardianship are the most important parts of the resistance literature in the poems of these two Iraqi poets. Zahawi and Rasafi were among the poets who called the people to seek right and oppression. Manuscript profile

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77 - Poetic Intrest by Tragedy Style in the poetry of Yahya Samavi and Mohammad Mehdi Javaheri
Mohammad Etemadi

There is no doubt that Iraq has experienced ups and downs in contemporary times, since 2003, when it was invaded and occupied by the United States and its allies, Saddam's tyrannical regime ended, and the Iraqi people, after years of sanctions, oppression, and misery en More

There is no doubt that Iraq has experienced ups and downs in contemporary times, since 2003, when it was invaded and occupied by the United States and its allies, Saddam's tyrannical regime ended, and the Iraqi people, after years of sanctions, oppression, and misery entered a new era which manifested in the occupation of new American colonialism. Iraqi poets listened to the voices of the oppressed people and expressed different reactions to resistance and stability. Yahya Samawi is one of the Iraqi poets who have been able to play a positive role in the awakening of the Iraqi people and politicians from neglect and laziness towards the occupier and its plunder. In various poems, Yahya Samawi created poetic challenges and interests, which were supported by both Americans and some traitorous and utilitarian politicians. The poet has been able to present the sufferings and misfortunes of his country as a painful tragedy in a certain style. But the poetic interest of Jawaheri, which is almost half a century older than Samavi, was quite different in style and design, although they shared a common purpose. Interests of Jawaheri's interests are the twentieth century, but Samavi's poetry is unique to his time. Manuscript profile

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78 - Comparison of Nationalism in the Nationalistic Poetry of A ref Qazvini and Ibrahim Touqan, the Palestinian National Poet
Mahdi Momtahen Foroogh Elahi

Nationalism has been a prominent feature of Resistance Literature and has gained important status in the poetry of poets working in this regard.There are poets who were so hardly influenced by nationalism that were known as national or nationalistic poets. Among these p More

Nationalism has been a prominent feature of Resistance Literature and has gained important status in the poetry of poets working in this regard.There are poets who were so hardly influenced by nationalism that were known as national or nationalistic poets. Among these poets Aref Qazvini from Iran and Ibrahim Touqan from Palestine could be pointed out. Both these poets were influenced by resistance literature the type of literature which is very similar in Iran and Palestine. These two countries have resisted the oppression from inside and outside and thus there are similarities their nationalistic tendencies in the themes and meanings of their literature. Manuscript profile

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79 - Commonalities of Resistance Poetry by Samih Al-Qasim and Hossein Israfili
Katayoun Fallahi Masoud Bavanpour Soheila Kazem Alilou

Samih Al-Qasim and Hossein Israfili are prominent poets of the Palestinian and Iranian resistance who have common themes in their resistance poems; Both have written many poems about their homeland and have used myths, symbols and codes in their resistance poems. Israfi More

Samih Al-Qasim and Hossein Israfili are prominent poets of the Palestinian and Iranian resistance who have common themes in their resistance poems; Both have written many poems about their homeland and have used myths, symbols and codes in their resistance poems. Israfili and Al-Qasim have used the myth of Angha in their poems and both of them have considered themselves obliged to perform their duty in the field of resistance well. Using descriptive-analytical method and using the American school of comparative literature, the authors of the present article have compared the poems of the resistance of the two poets and examined the commonalities between the two poets. The two poets consider the stone to be a symbol of the Palestinian resistance, and both have used this symbol in their poems. The poem of the resistance of the two poets invites to strength and endurance and cohesion of ranks and mobilization of national and world forces against the evil enemy and the declaration of his crime; Writer that by stability against the conspiracy of the evil enemy and non-acceptance of defeat to the last detail considered struggle against oppression and corruption as their task.   Manuscript profile

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80 - A Comparative Study of the Elements of Resistance Literature in the Poetry of Jaber Mohammad Jaberi and Farrokhi Yazdi
Ruhollah Taghizadeh Seyed Akbar Ghazanfari Mohammad Janatifar

Resistance literature is a branch of obliged and committed literature that is formed under the influence of conditions such as oppression, internal tyranny, lack of individual and social freedoms, and so on. In both Iran and Iraq, according to their political and social More

Resistance literature is a branch of obliged and committed literature that is formed under the influence of conditions such as oppression, internal tyranny, lack of individual and social freedoms, and so on. In both Iran and Iraq, according to their political and social situation, this type of literature has found a special position. The resistance and stability of the Iraqi people is also significant and is well reflected in the works of Iraqi poets and writers. Jaber Muhammad Jaberi, known as Madin al-Musawi, is one of the Iraqi contemporary poets who witnessed oppression, tyranny and colonialism. Farrokhi Yazdi, a constitutional poet, is one of the Iranian poets who have defended his nation against foreigners and domestic oppression with his poetry. The results of the research indicate that the themes of patriotism and national zeal, invitation to struggle and self-sacrifice, protest against internal issues, hope for liberation and struggle for freedom and invitation to unity are common themes in the poetry of the two poets. This study, while expressing the themes of resistance literature in the poetry of both poets, has compared these themes in their poetry. Manuscript profile

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81 - A Study and Adaptation of Sustainability Themes in the Poetry of Bahaoddin al-Amiri and Gheisar Aminpour
Saifullah Mollaei Pashaei Mohammad Mehdi Roshan Neman Onegh

Omar Bahaoddin Al-Amiri is one of the contemporary writers in Syria who, by paying special attention to the issue of Palestine in his works, was able to offer valuable services to the Palestinian society and instill the spirit of resistance in the body of the Palestinia More

Omar Bahaoddin Al-Amiri is one of the contemporary writers in Syria who, by paying special attention to the issue of Palestine in his works, was able to offer valuable services to the Palestinian society and instill the spirit of resistance in the body of the Palestinian people. On the other hand, Gheisar Aminpour, a poet of the Persian resistance, is one of the writers that commitment to social issues including the issue of Palestine has been a major part of his mental concerns. Hope for liberation, praise of revolutionaries and oppressors, children and adolescents of the country, exposing the face of the occupying regime, calling for uprising and stability, and creating a nationalist feeling, are among the most prominent themes of the stability of these two poets. In this research, with the focus on these six issues in the poetry of these two poets, it has been tried to study and discover examples of harmony and explain the differences in their views in order to find out how an idea appears in a part of the world and in elsewhere, the same idea emerges in a different way. Manuscript profile

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82 - Poetry of Abu Al-Qasim Al-Shabi and its Quranic and romantic themes
Siamak Asgharpour Atefeh Asghari Chenar

10.30495/cls.2021.679146

Since Abu al-Qasem Al-Shabi was born in a family in which the light of the Holy Qur'an had shone on its atmosphere, so he chose the Qur'an as a companion and managed to preserve it, and even influenced it in his social life and way of thinking. In a way that he made the More

Since Abu al-Qasem Al-Shabi was born in a family in which the light of the Holy Qur'an had shone on its atmosphere, so he chose the Qur'an as a companion and managed to preserve it, and even influenced it in his social life and way of thinking. In a way that he made the style of his romantic poems closer to it. This is what prevented his poems from deviating from the Quranic teachings that this effect is often seen in his poems and themes. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method, this article aims to examine how the poet uses the teachings of the Qur'an and the subject of his hatred of vices and evils and praising the virtues and virtues in his poems which is allocated to the subject of nation and homeland in order to explain a source from which he has been inspired in his stances on various social and cultural events and situations by understanding Shabi verses. Manuscript profile

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83 - Resisting foreign occupiers in the poetry of Jawad al-Hattab
Mehdi Shahrokh Arshad Thamer Ibrahim Al-Khafaji

10.30495/cls.2023.1972948.1384

Resistance literature charts the course of the popular struggle that comes with the aim of liberating the land, and defending religion and culture against evil aggressors against those national and human values in a refined literary style. Contemporary Iraqi poet Jawad More

Resistance literature charts the course of the popular struggle that comes with the aim of liberating the land, and defending religion and culture against evil aggressors against those national and human values in a refined literary style. Contemporary Iraqi poet Jawad Al-Hattab is famous for his struggle stance and his resistance poetry in the Iraqi arena. And staying at home, where his book “A Wreath of Music on the Corpse of a Piano” was the first anti-occupation book of a poet living under occupation. This research aims to study the poetry of Jawad Al-Hattab's resistance against the American occupier, based on the descriptive analytical method. The results of the research indicate that the poet’s poetry is replete with issues of praising the martyrs and heroes, denouncing the American invaders, revealing their crimes, and inciting armed struggle against them, and the poet’s resistance axes is a call to struggle and expose American crime in Iraq with the aim of mobilizing world opinion and mobilizing the Arab masses against them and praising the heroes and martyrs because The role of the martyr in advocating the cause of liberating the country. We also see the emphasis on the element of hope for liberation in abundance in his poetry of resistance, where the recipient finds hope of victory and liberation important to his poetry. Manuscript profile

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84 - Manifestations of Resistant Literature in Iranian Literature and Contemporary Palestine
Mohammad reza Beigi mehdi mohammadi Khadijeh Safari kendsari

10.30495/cls.2022.691934

Language is undoubtedly the embodiment and symbol of the mind. Mental action is expressed when it comes to the stage of language, and expression is nothing but a combination of words and phrases. In fact, poets make their invisible minds visible and understandable in "w More

Language is undoubtedly the embodiment and symbol of the mind. Mental action is expressed when it comes to the stage of language, and expression is nothing but a combination of words and phrases. In fact, poets make their invisible minds visible and understandable in "what to say" and "how to say". The occupation of Arab countries, including Iraq and Palestine, as well as the imposed war after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, were a great test for the field. Anyone could protect the homeland in any way he could. This current remains to this day and is necessary to preserve the values of sacred defense. The present article is descriptive-analytical and the research findings indicate that the language of contemporary stability poetry with persuasive functions has religious, epic, cultural and mythological themes, and using structures such as allusion, simile, metaphor, aberration, The archetype, etc. depicts the blowing of the spirit of morality and the strength and heroic authority with a suitable and eloquent tone and meaning for the audience. Manuscript profile

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85 - Nationwide resistance against colonialism in the poetry of Lebanese poet Ibrahim al-Munzer
seyyed Aboalfazl Sajadi mohammad jorfi zahra kogheki nyyat

10.30495/cls.2023.1985039.1417

There is no doubt that colonialism forces resistance and protection that the defenders endeavor to achieve freedom; This poem has harmonies and ideas that inspire others to resist and protect against the colonialists.Ibrahim Munzer, a Lebanese poet, is one of the most p More

There is no doubt that colonialism forces resistance and protection that the defenders endeavor to achieve freedom; This poem has harmonies and ideas that inspire others to resist and protect against the colonialists.Ibrahim Munzer, a Lebanese poet, is one of the most prominent poets who stood up against the colonialists; he was a superpatriotic poet whose poetry retains the spirit of resistance.The outcomes of this study indicate that this poet is a resolute poet who has the spirit of patriotism and nationalism, irritation and rebellion against the colonialists and communication for brotherhood among the Arabs, and martyrdom for the cause of the motherland and the evolution of science and the conservancy of the Arabic language in There is his poetry.There is no doubt that colonialism forces resistance and protection that the defenders endeavor to achieve freedom; This poem has harmonies and ideas that inspire others to resist and protect against the colonialists.Ibrahim Munzer, a Lebanese poet, is one of the most prominent poets who stood up against the colonialists; he was a superpatriotic poet whose poetry retains the spirit of resistance.The outcomes of this study indicate that this poet is a resolute poet who has the spirit of patriotism and nationalism, irritation and rebellion against the colonialists and communication for brotherhood among the Arabs, and martyrdom for the cause of the motherland and the evolution of science and the conservancy of the Arabic language in There is his poetry. Manuscript profile

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86 - A Study of the Theme of Palestine in the Literature of Sustainability in the Poems of Ali Mousavi Garmaroodi, Nasrallah Mardani and Javad Jamil"
Forouzan joolaei nahid fowzi

10.30495/cls.2022.1945783.1350

The literature of the Palestinian resistance is considered an important and inseparable part of contemporary literature as well as the Intifada, and because of its roots in reality, it is one of the purest examples of sustainability literature throughout history. This t More

The literature of the Palestinian resistance is considered an important and inseparable part of contemporary literature as well as the Intifada, and because of its roots in reality, it is one of the purest examples of sustainability literature throughout history. This type of literature as a branch of committed literature in the occupied territories due to concerns as well as oppression and resistance of the people and also due to its formation in contexts such as oppression, rape, tyranny, oppression and repression from a high position. And the issue of resistance against the occupiers, due to the recording of the struggles of the peoples of the Orient due to the political commonalities and beliefs that exist between the two nations of Iran and Palestine, as one of the central themes of Islamic Revolution poetry, in the works of many committed poets And there is a revolution. In this article, with a comparative approach to the poetry of Javad Jamil, a prominent Iraqi poet, and Seyyed Ali Mousavi Garmaroodi and Nasrallah Mardani, prominent poets of the Islamic Revolution, the common themes of these poets in dealing with the issue of the occupation of Palestine are examined. The resistance and stability of the Palestinian people and the fighters of this land have been praised by poets. Anti-authoritarianism and the expulsion of the usurpers of the land of Palestine are the aspirations of all three poets. Manuscript profile

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87 - The signs of calling for awakening and progress in the poetry of Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi
javad ranjbar karim barin

10.30495/cls.2023.1988145.1427

Love for the homeland is in the essence of all human beings and it is an undeniable feeling so that nationalism is one of the permanent topics in poets' poetry. Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi is a poet whose nationalism tendencies and attitudes are prominent in his poetry. In fa More

Love for the homeland is in the essence of all human beings and it is an undeniable feeling so that nationalism is one of the permanent topics in poets' poetry. Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi is a poet whose nationalism tendencies and attitudes are prominent in his poetry. In fact, his poetry calls for the awakening and progress of the country. In this way, he takes advantage of issues such as the fight against colonialism and aliens, as well as honoring the status of science, art, and civilization. He sarcastically refers to the progress of the West to the people of his homeland. He pays attention to the issues of the homeland and loves his country and portrays his regret for the backwardness of his homeland in the form of abstract and metaphorical images. He complains that why his compatriots neglect their homeland while he himself sacrifices his life for his country. The present study aims to state al-Zahawi’s attention to the issue of homeland and its progress with a descriptive-analytical and library method. The results show that the poet focuses on the elements of national awakening and progress, including honoring the status of science and knowledge, resistance, anti-colonialism and patriotism. Manuscript profile

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88 - Unity ideological resonance in the literature of resistance to the movement of Bahrain
Ali Bagher Taheri nia Farzaneh Mahmoodi Nasrin Abbasi

Islamic consciousness is set of people-revolutionaries which has being started at late 2010 s, including rising and rebelling of Bahrainian on 14th Feb. 2011. But this rising is different from others because of Bahrain Media's trying as well as western governing's effor More

Islamic consciousness is set of people-revolutionaries which has being started at late 2010 s, including rising and rebelling of Bahrainian on 14th Feb. 2011. But this rising is different from others because of Bahrain Media's trying as well as western governing's efforts about clannish so that it is adapted as Shiite cultism, belligerent antagonistic motion against Sunnite. The topic has been reflected clearly within resistant literature, as far revolutionary poets states ideological solitariness between Shiite and Sunnite Muslims. Along direction, in this study was analyzed total relation among Islamic resistance in general and acknowledge in special. Manuscript profile

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89 - An Analysis on Resistance Factor in Al-Rabi' Boushameh and Hassan Hosseini
Sabereh Siavoshi Amineh Soleimani

Algeria and Iran are countries which suffered from colonialism and violation in special decades but could survive by resistance, fight and sacrifice. Thus public resistance and sacrifice for hometown caused forming "resistance literature" in which the poets depict peopl More

Algeria and Iran are countries which suffered from colonialism and violation in special decades but could survive by resistance, fight and sacrifice. Thus public resistance and sacrifice for hometown caused forming "resistance literature" in which the poets depict peoples' championship and their combats. Accordingly literature is of a special share in dependence and liberty in both countries. The researchers of the present article study the resistance factor in Algerian poet - Al-Rabi' Boushameh and the Iranian one – Seyyed Hassan Hosseini to analyze their poetries and discovering different aspects of resistance poetry comparatively. The results show that invitation to combat and war, respecting martyr and martyrdom, hope to freedom and victory and disclosing the violators' crimes are the most important elements of resistance in their poetries. Manuscript profile

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90 - Code and poets of the Arab resistance (Boland al-Heidari, Abdul Aziz al-Maqaleh, Soleiman al-Issa, and Ezz al-Din al-Mihubi as example)
Nader Mohammadi Mojtaba Omranipour Jihad Faiz al-Islam Sadegh Fathi Dehkordi

Among the most famous poets of the Arab resistance are Boland Al-Heidari from Iraq, Soleiman Al-Issa from Syria, Abdul Aziz Al-Maqaleh from Yemen, and Ezz al-Din al-Mihubi from Algeria. This article using a descriptive-analytical method studies cryptography in the Arab More

Among the most famous poets of the Arab resistance are Boland Al-Heidari from Iraq, Soleiman Al-Issa from Syria, Abdul Aziz Al-Maqaleh from Yemen, and Ezz al-Din al-Mihubi from Algeria. This article using a descriptive-analytical method studies cryptography in the Arab world and the reasons for its use in poetry by studying the poetry of these poets as an example. Code and decryption are among the practical capacities in the resistance literature, and with this capacity, national and internal sufferings can be expressed. Familiarity with Western literature, fear of suffocation, and oppressive practices such as imprisonment, assassination, and exile, as well as modernism and the deepening of meaning and the embodiment of feelings and concepts, and the audience's participation in discovering meaning, are among the reasons for using code in resistance literature. The code in the resistance literature in Arabic poetry is related to the occupation and the revolution against it, and among the concepts discussed in it are right and wrong, occupation and freedom, oppression and justice, revolution and resistance and intifada. Codes such as spiders and crows and ... to indicate the concept of occupation and occupier, the secrets of dragons and storms and ... to indicate oppression and tyranny and the secrets of rain and wind and ... to indicate the revolution and the codes of spring and green are used to indicate freedom. Manuscript profile

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91 - National and resistance at Nizar Qabbani
Seyyed Hosein Seyyedi Sakine Saremi Garavi

Nizar Qabbani a poet of love, women and politics, was born in Damascus. It is more aljamahirin Arab poets in the Arab world made own language characterized by qualities and is no stranger to the language or have been borrowed from other languages. They are the same as t More

Nizar Qabbani a poet of love, women and politics, was born in Damascus. It is more aljamahirin Arab poets in the Arab world made own language characterized by qualities and is no stranger to the language or have been borrowed from other languages. They are the same as those unable to several poets from processed and throw them difficult and not comply with the language of poetry, and in spite of all critical studies tend to label the poet of love or a poet of women and is because books many of the poems that belong to women and love to but with is is one of the most important Arab poets who crossed from the reality of the Arab political and social. Political poems reflect the political side and is reflected in the period in which the Thar Arab regimes prevailing through his hair. In this paper, we address side of politics and resistance noodles Manuscript profile

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92 - Holy Quran's Reflection and Quranic Characters in Palestinian Contemporary Poetry
Ashour Ghelich Paseh Masoud Bavan Poori Narges Lorestani Hadiseh Motevalli

Resistance poetry's method and frame is cultural and national which makes the poet enjoy the religious and the related issues in this kind of literature. One method to study the religious contexts is the intertextual study. Undoubtedly any Muslim literate who own a stro More

Resistance poetry's method and frame is cultural and national which makes the poet enjoy the religious and the related issues in this kind of literature. One method to study the religious contexts is the intertextual study. Undoubtedly any Muslim literate who own a strong religious relations, has been affected by religious books and has apply them. Intertextuality can be seen in these poets' works in different types. The present paper tries to study contemporary Palestinian poets' divans and express the way they have applied Holy Quran and their affects. Manuscript profile

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93 - Poetry Image application in Omar Abu Risha Poetries
Abbas Yadollahi

The present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts More

The present paper surveys the most important poetries' depiction manifestations in Syrian poet works - Omar Abu Risha – and the analysis of its effect on Arabic ode structure. These images are of most important tools which a poet apply them to express his thoughts and opinions such as Muslim nations' expectations especially Syrian people. The most important and common images are: repetition, opposition, dictation and exclamation. These poetry images were usually different from their main meanings and imply a second meaning. The conclusion of the present research is that such depictions added value to the poets' works in a way that his works are more distinguished than others'. Manuscript profile

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94 - Resistance Echo in "Bahrain's Wounds" by Ibn Al Bahrain
Farouq Nemati

Islamic awareness in the region demonstrates consciousness and emotions to nations' freedom and their readiness to combat injustice and impression undoubtedly. The present paper attempts to extract the resistance themes in   "Bahrain's Wounds" by Bahraini poet More

Islamic awareness in the region demonstrates consciousness and emotions to nations' freedom and their readiness to combat injustice and impression undoubtedly. The present paper attempts to extract the resistance themes in   "Bahrain's Wounds" by Bahraini poet Ibn Al Bahrain by analytical – descriptive method.  The outcomes express that suffocation and dictatorship in Bahrain are the most important factors to form the resistance concepts in his poetry. He also applied various methods such as mocking House of Khalifa, enjoying the rhetorical and oratorical patterns to stay in patience condition. The abovementioned poet also remarks and points out Islamic Republic of Iran's revolution and knows it as a blessed event which ended injustice and chaos in the world. Manuscript profile

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95 - A Study of the Discrepancy of Double Taking in the Resistance Literature of Lebanon
Ali Taheri Naser Ghare Khani

Poets of resistance in Lebanon on one hand truly depict the devastation and exhaustedness and on the other hand they courageously defend their dignity and evoke the uprising of people for resistance against devastation, while leading them on to defend their id More

Poets of resistance in Lebanon on one hand truly depict the devastation and exhaustedness and on the other hand they courageously defend their dignity and evoke the uprising of people for resistance against devastation, while leading them on to defend their ideology. Therefore the importance of their poetry is in no way less than the weapons of the resistance groups. Their prophetic mission is to draw a roadmap for the future and revive hope in the hearts of the oppressed. The present article studies the poetic mission and social obligations of resistance poets and the discrepancy of double taking in the resistance literature. Manuscript profile

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96 - Characters Types in "Under the Midmorning Sun" by Ibrahim Nasrallah
Seyyed Mahdi Masbouq Ali Hossein Gholami Yalghon Aghaj

The Character factor plays an important role in novel's structure; it is the center of thoughts and views that all the story theme relies on it. The novel character attains his thoughts and approaches of a fact in which he lives in. Ibrahim Nasrallah applied different c More

The Character factor plays an important role in novel's structure; it is the center of thoughts and views that all the story theme relies on it. The novel character attains his thoughts and approaches of a fact in which he lives in. Ibrahim Nasrallah applied different characters in his novel - Under the Midmorning Sun – in order to express Palestine issue and then attempts to convey Palestinians states such as happiness, sadness, love, war and so on. The characters of the abovementioned novel are exclusive to mysterious and the author point out resistance and crusade for the hometown. The present paper surveys the characters, their physical and mental aspects in Under the Midmorning Sun in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile

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97 - Palestine in Javaheri's Poetry
Tahereh Heidari

Palestine in one of the most important factors in literature and art's beauty. No poetries in Arabic poetry field could be found without a trace of Palestine as a holy place. Mohammad Mahdi Javaheri – an Iraqi poet – has been worked on this place from the ve More

Palestine in one of the most important factors in literature and art's beauty. No poetries in Arabic poetry field could be found without a trace of Palestine as a holy place. Mohammad Mahdi Javaheri – an Iraqi poet – has been worked on this place from the very beginning of his activity in the field of poetry. The present research studies and surveys Palestine and the quality of studying this place in Javaheri's poetries. He is one of the most important poems who paid special attention to Palestine and showed Zionists' tricks. This paper is done in descriptive – analytical method to analyze Jvaheri's poetries samples. It is remarkable to state that Javaheri has applied both religious and national aspects to motivate defending Palestine; he ignores Zionists and could create emotions in his works. Manuscript profile

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98 - Palestine and its manifestations in the poetry of Fadwa Toukan resistant
Seyede Roghaye Mahdi Nezhad

Resistance poem is a committed poem which is not at the service of despotic ruling system interests and its desires and expresses all issues with explicit language without consideration of innovation and fantasy. There is no complexity in the resistance poem. It does no More

Resistance poem is a committed poem which is not at the service of despotic ruling system interests and its desires and expresses all issues with explicit language without consideration of innovation and fantasy. There is no complexity in the resistance poem. It does not specify truth and  does not inform its audience unless the political suffrage dominate the poem then the poet’s goals are expressed by symbolic images. Therefore, the resistance poem is a kind of committed literature that its educational purpose is essential to communicate the poets’ message. The poem teaches the audiences how resist against despotic ruler and their resistance principles. Truly, the Palestinian poet in occupied Palestine suffered from the Zionists occupation. The Arabian league is against all who desire the holly word, freedom, and all things which may lead to its freedom. If Arab nations librated themselves from their government’s system the Palestine freedom will become possible.   Manuscript profile

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99 - Echoes of resistance in the poetry of Ahmad Waeli
Seyed Yousef Nejatnejad Mojtaba Omranipour Amar Sorkheh Seyed Mostafa Mousavinejad

The issue of Palestine and the resistance is one of the most important issues in the contemporary world, and many contemporary poets and writers have investigated it and in their works, have focused on Palestine and resistance and stability against the occupiers. These More

The issue of Palestine and the resistance is one of the most important issues in the contemporary world, and many contemporary poets and writers have investigated it and in their works, have focused on Palestine and resistance and stability against the occupiers. These works have attracted the attention of analysts, and their volume is such that few poets can be found who have not dealt with them. Many movies and TV series have investigated this issue and the effects and echoes of the resistance and its position in the contemporary period and issues such as the support and help of the Palestinian people by Muslims and their other supporters in the world for the liberation of this oppressed nation, occupiers and their condemnation of the brutal occupation, whose violence, aggression and oppression of the Palestinians and their land are increasing. Ahmed Waeli was a speaker, who never stopped encouraging the Palestinian people to resist, and non-surrender and retreat to the savage enemy of Zionism. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method, we examine the characteristics of resistance that are manifested in his poetry, such as resilience against the occupiers and encouragement of fighters, and finally, we reach results such as the efforts of contemporary poets to resist and support the oppressed people of Palestine. Manuscript profile

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100 - تعیین الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه های اشریشیا کلی O157:H7 از همبرگر در استان مازندران
مهدی کریم پور ودود رضویلر نوردهر رکنی محمد احمدی

10.30495/jvm.2021.1909555.1151

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101 - شناسایی، سروتایپینگ و تعیین مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه های سالمونلا به دست آمده از سگ های بدون صاحب در تهران
نادر عسکری سیامک مشهدی رفیعی کیومرث امینی

10.30495/jvm.2020.679908

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102 - مقایسه ی روش کشت و واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز در شیوع هلیکوباکتر پولوروم جدا شده از نمونه های کبد مرغ و تعیین مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه های بدست آمده
اشکان جبلی جوان سید حسام الدین عمادی چاشمی حمید استاجی حسین اخلاقی

10.30495/jvm.2021.1904777.1141

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103 - بررسی مقاومت داروئی جدایه‌های اشریشیا کلای از ضایعات تیپیک کلی باسیلوز طیور و جستجوی ژن‌های مقاومت به فلورفنیکل (floR, fexA, cfr) و کلیستین (mcr-1) در بین جدایه‌ها
پگاه والی تبار سید مصطفی پیغمبری جمشید رزم یار عباس برین اعظم یزدانی فتانه نادری نژاد

10.30495/jvm.2022.1951159.1197

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104 - بررسی مقاوت آنتی بیوتیکی گونه های باکتری مولد استرپتوکوکوزیس جدا شده از ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) در استان کردستان
رئوف زندی بهنام سلیمی هیوا کریمی دره آبی

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105 - مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی و ردیابی حضور ژن fimH در جدایه های اشریشیاکلی بدست آمده از انسان و طیور گوشتی
راحم خوشبخت سیده هانیه هادی نژاد مجتبی خسروی عباس میهن خواه مائده صلواتی علی محبت

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106 - مطالعه اثر نانوذرات نقره و آنتی بیوتیک‌های موثر بر جدار بطور مجزا و توام بر استافیلوکوکوس اوریوس‌های جدا شده از موارد ورم پستان گاو
جلال کاظمی ملاحت احمدی حبیب دستمالچی ساعی مسعود ادیب حسامی

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107 - جداسازی، تعیین هویت و تعیین مقاومت دارویی مایکوباکتریوم از ماهیان آکواریومی تبریز
مهدی سیف احمدی سید رضا مودب آذر سبکبار

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108 - بررسی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی در سالمونلا اینفنتیس جدا شده از ماکیان شهرستان اراک
سهیلا مرادی بیدی هندی

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109 - تعیین الگوهای مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی در اشریشیا کلی جدا شده از جوجه‌های گوشتی سالم و مبتلا به کلی‌سپتی‌سمی در اهواز
رمضا نعلی جعفری رضا قنبر پور مسعود قربان پور نجف آبادی منصور میاحی امیر امانی

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110 - الگوی پلاسمیدی و مقاومت نسبت به داروهای ضد میکروبی در سالمونلاهای جدا شده از طیور
ملاحت احمدی علیرضا طالبی صدف منصوری بنت الهدی رحمان

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111 - مطالعه تاثیر نوار آپیستان بر آلودگی جرب واروآ در زنبورداری های اطراف تبریز
میرهادی خیاط نوری حسین هاشم زاده فرهنگ مسعود جهانبانی اصل پریسا شهبازی

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112 - طراحی چهارچوب درس دین و زندگی مبتنی بر سیاست‌های اقتصاد مقاومتی بر اساس مولفه‌های برنامه‌درسی زایس در دوره دوم متوسطه
سیاوش انگورج تقوی عزت‌اله نادری مریم سیف‌نراقی قدسی احقر

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113 - ارائه الگوی تحقق اقتصاد مقاومتی در مدیریت شهری با رویکرد دانش و فناوری(مطالعه موردی: منطقه14 شهرداری تهران)
تحسین ربیعی نژاد عباس ارغان زینب کرکه آبادی

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114 - بررسی ژئوپلیتیک مقاومت شیعیان در بحرین بدنبال تحولات خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا
عزت‌الله عزتی دلشاد خضری علی رحیمی

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115 - بررسی راهبرد اقتصاد مقاومتی با محوریت انرژی گاز در بستر جغرافیایی سیاسی ایران
خوشنود عزیزنژاد عزت اله عزتی

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116 - The Philosophy of Al-Shariah Intentions in Shari'a Tricks Approaching the Imam Khomeini's Jurisprudential Views
Seyedmehdi Nezhadhahshemi Ali Bahraminezhad

The prosperity and dynamism of the Islamic society depends on the political and economic character accepted by the Shari'a on the one hand, as well as the strategies that lead to the prosperity of the production cycle. Including the interest-free economy, accreditation More

The prosperity and dynamism of the Islamic society depends on the political and economic character accepted by the Shari'a on the one hand, as well as the strategies that lead to the prosperity of the production cycle. Including the interest-free economy, accreditation of the intention of the parties to the contract to prevent the influence of foreigners. In this regard, the model of resistance economy can be linked on the one hand with the philosophy of the goals that Muslims have of doing economic activity, and all the tricks that are against the intentions of the Islamic society are rejected. Therefore, the intentions and actions of Muslims on the one hand, and the intentions and actions of the other party to the treaties, on the other hand, must be taken into account so that the way of foreign influence under the heading of economic contracts on Muslims is not opened. Therefore, in this study, on the one hand, it examines the intention and intentions in contracts for the purposes of the Shari'a, and on the other hand, the threats that can be inflicted on the economy of Islamic countries by the hegemonic countries are examined according to the statements of the Supreme Leader and Imam Khomeini. To cover the ways of abuse and weaknesses and to have an Islamic Islamic economic society resistant to internal and external (foreign) threats. Manuscript profile

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117 - Determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw milk
faeze zadsafar MOHSEN ZARGAR سید سهیل آقایی

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen bacteria, that is resistance to antibiotics and can be used in patients with immune deficiency and cause disease. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aerugino More

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen bacteria, that is resistance to antibiotics and can be used in patients with immune deficiency and cause disease. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw milk and multiple resistance of the isolates and ESBL isolates.Method: Initially, 117 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dairy products were confirmed by the standard methods of microbiology and then evaluated the antibiotic resistance of 10 strains against 10 antibiotic which selected from different categories according to the CLSI standard. Results: In the study of antibiotic resistance Ceftazidime antibiotic showed most Antibiotic resistance and amikacin antibiotic polymyxin B antibiotic resistance and lowest, respectively.27 isolates (23%), multiple drug resistance (MDR), the three classes of antibiotics showedand 86 isolates were resistant to the ceftazidime antibiotic (73.5%) isolates, of which 28 were positive ESBL (32.55%). Conclusion: Due to high prevalence Pseudomonas aeruginosa in raw milk, and existence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria, it is necessary to apply appropriate strategies for livestock health control, to prevent the spread of bacteria. Manuscript profile

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118 - The study of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from urinary tract infection in Qom
زهرا حاجی غلامی اصفهانی Mohsen Zargar رضا یاری نفیسه رضایی

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been documented to be the most important pathogen associated with symptomatic tract infections .by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli, this stu More

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been documented to be the most important pathogen associated with symptomatic tract infections .by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli, this study was to determine the local prevalence of bacterial and strains antimicrobial resistance of E.coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance.Materials & Methods: A total of 1420 samples, 150 urine samples were contaminated with E.coli. The Antimicrobial sensitivity test to 10 antibiotics was done via the disk diffusion antibiogram method and results were analysed.Results:The most of resistant to Ampicillin were 60%, Tetracyclin 58% and Nalidixic Acid 52% and the most amount for sensibility to Amikacin were 98%.Conclusion: Due to the increasing resistance among E. coli strains recommended Antibiogram tests was done on strains cause urinary tract infections Before intractably use of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

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119 - ESBL prevalence and molecular characterization of beta-lactamase gene blaTEM in urinary isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Qom
منصوره نرگسیان Mohsen Zargar Mahmoud Saffari

Klebsiella is opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections this pathogen cause a variety of diseases including urinary tract infections.Today, the prevalence of ESBL-producing pathogens (ESBLS) is important, so these infections are a More

Klebsiella is opportunistic pathogen and one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections this pathogen cause a variety of diseases including urinary tract infections.Today, the prevalence of ESBL-producing pathogens (ESBLS) is important, so these infections are associated with prevalence of diseases and increase healthcare costs associated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of genes blaTEM isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Qom.After identification of isolates using culture and biochemical methods, 140 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified. The sensitivity of the isolates to different antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion method based on the standard (CLSI2013). The phenotypic confirmatory test ESBL strains have done followed by PCR method to detection of blaTEM gene. Out of 300 samples, 140 isolate identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae that 52 (%37.14) isolates were ESBL. The most antibiotic resistance was related to ceftazidime (%50.72). Out of 52 ESBL positive strains, 32 (61.53%) strains were shown to have blaTEM gene.Considering the high prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates in hospitals, early detection and follow-up to prevent the spread of resistant isolates it all the more essential. It must also change in the pattern of antibiotics, hospital infection control measures are highly recommended. Manuscript profile

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120 - Identification of the Bacterial agents of urinary tract infections in children in the Qom city in 1389
محمد دخیلی

AbstractObjective: Urinary tract infection is most common disease of reproductive system and the second of the urinary bacterial infection in children. These study investigated the bacterial causes, symptoms and antibiotic resistance in children with urinary tract infec More

AbstractObjective: Urinary tract infection is most common disease of reproductive system and the second of the urinary bacterial infection in children. These study investigated the bacterial causes, symptoms and antibiotic resistance in children with urinary tract infections have been done.Methods: This study was performed as descriptive cross-sectional one and 70 children attending to Khorrami Hospital in Qom Province were evaluated for microbiological findings and antibiogram.Results: The most common germ was E. Coli in 7/55 percent. The antimicrobial resistance pattern was similar for fluorocinolones, cephalosporines, and aminoglycosides with other antibiotics. The intermittent sensitivity was not seen; in 38.6% and the resistance was highest to cephalosporines.Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results and comparison with other studies, it may be concluded that prevalence of anti-microbial resistance among children with UTI is relatively high and some sterategies should be developed to reduce it and its complications.Key words: Anti-microbial resistance, Children, UTI Manuscript profile

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121 - Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-negative Bacilli Resistant to Several Antibiotics (MDR)
نشاط غلامی amir hossein MOMEN مسعود زندی

AbstractOne of the major problems in hospitals resistance of pathogenic bacteria , including bacteria that cause urinary tract infections(UTI), antimicrobial substances , the problem of increased costs of treatment , treatment failure and mortality rates are increasing. More

AbstractOne of the major problems in hospitals resistance of pathogenic bacteria , including bacteria that cause urinary tract infections(UTI), antimicrobial substances , the problem of increased costs of treatment , treatment failure and mortality rates are increasing.The purpose of this research is to identify multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli of urinary tract infections with antibiotics and the effect of silver nanoparticles on them.Planting 240 clinical samples from patients admitted to two hospitals ( Fatemiyeh , Besat) within 6 months of 1395 a total of 150 gram negative bacilli of urinary tract infections was isolated. To determine antibiotic resistance of these bacteria, disk diffusion method was used, and their susceptibility was evaluated according to the CLSI(clinical and laboratory Standards Institute) . Gram-negative bacilli isolated were prepared and inhibition zone diameter was measured.The most common bacteria Escherichia coli was isolated and lowest frequencies of the Proteus vulgaris. All of the samples to a solution of silver nanoparticles at concentrations 200 ppm 100 ppm and were sensitive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30 mm) and Enterobacter aerogenes (27 mm) maximum diameter in the presence of silver nanoparticles showed 800 ppm.Conclusion: The results show that silver nanoparticles can have an inhibitory effect on all tested Gram-negative bacilli , and the concentration of nanoparticles , the diameter of the growth of Gram-negative bacilli of urinary tract infections resistant to multiple antibiotics increases.Key words: Gram-negative bacilli, Silver nanoparticles, Urinary Tract Infection,Antibiotic Resistance, Hamedan Manuscript profile

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122 - Identification of causative agents of urinary tract infection and antimicrobial susceptibility in diabetic patients in Kermanshah
farshad yadolahi Elahe Tajbakhsh hassan Momtaz

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common and important diseases in the world, and diabetic patients are at high risk of infection. Due to the high prevalence of diabetes and risks of urinary tract infections, ccauses of urinary tract infection and the proper way to tre More

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common and important diseases in the world, and diabetic patients are at high risk of infection. Due to the high prevalence of diabetes and risks of urinary tract infections, ccauses of urinary tract infection and the proper way to treat it acutely felt Material and methods: In this study, 353 urine samples of diabetic patients cultured and by using biochemical tests were examined. After DNA extraction, PCR test for definitive diagnosis of bacteria and the antibiogram test was carried out. Results: Urinary tract infection in diabetic patients 28.3% was reported. Asymptomatic bacteriuria 22.1% and symptomatic bacteriuria 6.22% was reported. The most common bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in patients were respectively Escherichia coli, Klebciella pneumonia, Proteus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Providencia. Conclusion: Given that bacterial population of urinary tract infections in diabetic patients, similar to non-diabetic patients, so antibiotic treatment in diabetic patients is alike with and non-diabetic patients. Keywords: bacteriuria, Diabetes, urinary tract infection, antibiotic resistance, PCR. Manuscript profile

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123 - Determination of antibiotic resistance pattern in different serotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from hospital infections in Zarinshahr
Zohreh Paknejad Hassan Momtaz Elahe Tajbakhsh

Background & Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria in the development of nosocomial infections, in particular urinary tract infections, which has been resistant to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to determ More

Background & Aim: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria in the development of nosocomial infections, in particular urinary tract infections, which has been resistant to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in the most common capsule types of this bacterium in Zarinshahr city of Isfahan. Material and Methods: 29 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in patients admitted to different parts of Zarinshahr Hospital in summer 2016 to summer 2017 were selected. After confirmation of phenotypic and genotype and determination of capsule types in them, antibiotic resistance pattern in isolates was determined using Kirby-bauer method, according to the CLSI standard, on the Muller Hinton Agar, 13 antibiotics were determined. Frequency of antibiotic resistance gene encoding genes including tetA, cmlA, Cat1, blaSHV, sul1, aac (3) -IV, aadA 1, qnr CITM, dfrA1, and tetB genes in isolates was determined by PCR method. Results & Conclusion: Serotype K2 with 74.51% frequency was the most commonly known capsule serotype known in isolates. All isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance and in addition to penicillin, their antibiotic resistance was the highest (10.93%) and tetracycline (44.30%) respectively. The tetA and sul1 genes with the frequency of 86.75% and 41.72% were the most common, and the two cat1 and cm1A genes with a frequency of 89.60% and 44.10% were the least common antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from urinary tract infections. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

124 - Study of drug resistance and TEM gene existence in clinical E.Coli isolates by PCR Method
samaneh ghafari vosta

Background and purpose: E.Coli, ESBL producers due to their resistance to different antibiotics, has created many health problems. Therefore, in this study, we investigate on TEM gene frequency in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli with a wide range lactamase produci More

Background and purpose: E.Coli, ESBL producers due to their resistance to different antibiotics, has created many health problems. Therefore, in this study, we investigate on TEM gene frequency in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli with a wide range lactamase producing (ESBL) in Razi Hospital of Ghaemshahr City. Materials and methods: 1200 urine samples from inpatients and outpatients Gaemshahr Razi Hospital were studied and the final confirmation E.Coli were done by using biochemical methods. Afterwards, susceptibilities to antibiotics of different classes were determined by disc diffusion method and presence of TEM gene was checked by using PCR method and verified by sequencing. Results: The results showed that 74 isolates are E. coli. In results of Antibiogram, it was found that the most resistance of this bacteria is again antibiotics nalidixic acid with 53 samples (6/71%) and the least resistance of bacteria is again antibiotics gentamicin with 11 samples (15%). In addition, among 74 isolates of E. coli, 30 strains (5/40%) of ESBL were positive (30 of 74) and from these 30 samples, 9 samples (30%) were TEM gene (9 of 30). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, although TEM gene had no significant frequency, ESBL frequency indicates that, for treatment, prescribing antibiotics should be performed by more careful to prevent increase in strains resistant to antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

125 - Evaluation of antibacterial properties of linen fibers coated with Zinc Oxide nanocomposite on resistant bacterials caused by Urinary Tract Infections.
mahdiye sadat tayebi monir doudi nasrin talebian

Introduction: Urinary tract infection as one of the most common bacterial infections is known as a second cause of infection. However, sensitivity to a various health hygiene pads in children and Easy Life in elderly as well as poor sanitation can make people susceptibl More

Introduction: Urinary tract infection as one of the most common bacterial infections is known as a second cause of infection. However, sensitivity to a various health hygiene pads in children and Easy Life in elderly as well as poor sanitation can make people susceptible to infections of the urinary tract. For this reason, antibacterial textiles used in the preparation of health and medical textiles can deal with infections especially urinary tract infections effectively. Material and methods: First, the 550 clinical isolates were collected from several hospitals and laboratories in Shahreza city, among which, 100 bacterial isolates were positive and resistant to several antibiotics. Then the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were established by using sol-gel method and under ultrasonic irradiation on linen bandages. Antibacterial activity of nano-fibers bacteria samples, based on zinc oxide by disk diffusion method in agar were assessed. Results and Conclusion: According to the results of nanofibers of zinc oxide have more antibacterial properties against gram-positive bacteria, causing urinary tract infections compared with negatives ones. It is hoped that the fibers introduced in this study in the future after the tests (in-situ) will be able to provide clothes for patients and personnel, gloves and surgical masks, and most importantly suture yarns, bandages, wound dressing and sanitary napkins should be used. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

126 - Molecular Identification of the TEM and CTX Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Clinical Samples of Hospitals in Iranshahr City
Mahnaz Thaghimosleh laleh khajehkarimaldini

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen and common cause of nosocomial infections. Increasing the emergence of multi-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia has limited therapeutic options for this bacterium. The aim of this study was to molecular More

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen and common cause of nosocomial infections. Increasing the emergence of multi-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumonia has limited therapeutic options for this bacterium. The aim of this study was to molecular identification of TEM and CTX genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples of hospitals in Iranshahr city. Materials and Methods: 50 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae within 6 months, were collected from patients admitted to the intensive care unit of hospitals in Iranshahr. The isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae based on biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion method. To molecular identification of TEM and CTX genes, PCR was performed. Results: Based on the results of PCR, 43 (86%) of the samples had phenotypic ESBL enzymes, 20 (47%) had CTX gene, 8 (18%) had TEM gene, and 15 (34%) had Both the CTX and TEM genes. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a high prevalence (P <0.05) of multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and ESBL-resistant isolates in ICU patients, which emphasizes the appropriate policies for controlling infection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

127 - Determination of bacterial contamination and evaluation of their antibiotic resistance in different parts of the Hazrat Masoumeh hospital in Qom City
maryam sadeghi Seyed Soheil Aghaii

Abstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and ide More

Abstract:Currently, microbial contamination in different parts of hospitals with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance are the most important factors in the prevalence of nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify contaminating bacteria in medical and non-medical equipment in Hazrate Masoumeh hospital Qom city (May-August2017). Methods: Sampling was done from oncology, infectious, ICU and NICU sections using sterile swabs and transfer in BHI broth. Then collected samples were streaked on Nutrient agar and incubated at 37° C for 24 h .The isolates were identified with phenotypic and biochemical standard tests. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was performed using agar disk diffusion method due to CLSI standards. Result: Out of 84 samples, 77 samples had bacterial contamination and 127 strains were isolated. The prevalence of bacterial isolates were Bacillus subtilis (18.59%), Bacillus cereus (13.18%), Pseudomonas (11.63%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis(11.62%) and Corynebacterium sp. (10.55%), respectively. Among of isolated strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, had more than antibiotic resistance. The most antibiotic resistance was obtained for penicillin. The most isolates were sensitive to Amikacin ، Gentamycin، Ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens with multi drug resistant characteristic in nosocomial infections and hospital contamination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

128 - Determination of drug resistance of Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from women's vaginal fluid has a history of abortion in Urmia
vahid tanhaei mahsa eghbalkhah kohnehshahri

Aim and Background: Lactobacilli are the most well-known natural vaginal flora that helps keep the vaginal acidic environment in the presence of hydrogen peroxide enzymes. Lactobacillus destroys pathogenic bacteria in the vagina through the production of hydrogen peroxi More

Aim and Background: Lactobacilli are the most well-known natural vaginal flora that helps keep the vaginal acidic environment in the presence of hydrogen peroxide enzymes. Lactobacillus destroys pathogenic bacteria in the vagina through the production of hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: Among the patients referring to the medical centers of Urmia, 250 women with abortion history who were between 25 and 30 years of age were selected based on a questionnaire and a clinical examination and a sample was taken from them. 250 samples were taken from the vaginal area using sterile swabs and the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus was confirmed by whiff test and biochemical tests. Then, the drug resistance and sensitivity of Lactobacillus acidophilus to 9 antibiotics cotrimoxazole, vancomycin, ceftazidime, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, ampicillin, piperacillin and colistin were studied. Results and Conclusion: from 250 samples, 238 samples (95.2%) had bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and in 12 samples (4.8%) bacteria were not observed. All abortion patients are sensitive to cotrimoxazole, piperacillin, and clostin antibiotics. Also, all samples were resistant to the antibiotics vancomycin, imipenem, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

129 - Identification and Pattern of Antibiotic Bacterial Sensitivity and Resistance in Patients in the Nekoi Hospital of Gom City in 1395
mohammad Dakhili Mansorah hodaei

Introduction: Burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries and wounds considered. Aware of the bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance an important role in the prevention and treatment of its accurate and timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the p More

Introduction: Burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries and wounds considered. Aware of the bacterial agents and antibiotic resistance an important role in the prevention and treatment of its accurate and timely. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and susceptibility pattern of burn wound infections in patients admitted to hospital burn the goodness of Qom province. Methods: In a descriptive study, sampling of 100 patients admitted to hospital burn Nekuei of Qom over a period of 5 months old. Identification of microorganisms using biochemical tests were conducted according to existing standards.tyyn antibiotic-resistance patterns of isolates was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: In this study of 100 samples taken, 62% of men and 38 percent of women were reported. 70 per cent of the samples had positive culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported as the most common infection with 31% abundance. Staphylococcus aureus (15.5%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (11.62%) and Enterococcus faecalis (7.75%) were reported in the following ranks. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of infection in burn wounds needs new strategies in order to control the distribution of infectious agents as well as the treatment of this condition.in survey, the most effective antibiotic to treat infections after burn amikacin and gentamicin is known. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

130 - Detection of VanA, VanB, and VanC Genes in Enterococcus Species Isolated from Fecal sample of Patients in Qom province, Iran (Short Report)
Ashkan Dirbazian Samaneh Rouhi Pegah Shakob

Background: Intrinsic resistance of Enterococci to vancomycin and transmission to other gram-positive bacteria is a matter of concern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify vancomycin resistance genes in patients-isolated Enterococci.Material and Methods: A t More

Background: Intrinsic resistance of Enterococci to vancomycin and transmission to other gram-positive bacteria is a matter of concern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify vancomycin resistance genes in patients-isolated Enterococci.Material and Methods: A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from patients referred to health centers in Qom province in 2018. Microbiological tests were used to identify Enterococci. The pattern of antibiotic resistance was investigated by disk diffusion method. PCR was used to detect vanA, vanB, and vanC genes in Enterococci.Results: 60 Enterococci (60%) were isolated in this study. The highest antibiotic resistance was related to the ciprofloxacin (66.6%). The highest and lowest frequencies were for the vanC (15%) and vanA (5%) genes, respectively.Conclusion: In the present study, resistance to vancomycin and other antibiotics, and the presence of van genes in resistant strains were observed. It is necessary to control and prevent the spread of enterococci in hospital and non-hospital settings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

131 - Examining the frequency and role of ompk35 and ompk36 genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with multidrug resistance
Yousef Alikhani Mohammad Reza Mehrabi Mohsen Mirzaei Reza Yari

Objective: Increasing antimicrobial resistance in thermonegative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family has become a global problem. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a thermonegative opportunistic pathogen that has been considered in causing a wide range of diseases and anti More

Objective: Increasing antimicrobial resistance in thermonegative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family has become a global problem. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a thermonegative opportunistic pathogen that has been considered in causing a wide range of diseases and antibiotic resistance due to its various resistance mechanisms. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the presence and role of ompK35 and ompK36 genes in isolates of K. Pneumonia is resistant to several drugs. Materials and methods: 96 isolates were collected from patients referred to hospitals in Borujerd city in 2019 and were identified using differential tests. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disk diffusion method and identification of ompK35 and ompK36 genes using PCR. Findings: 82.12% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin antibiotic. The most effective antibiotic was gentamicin with resistance rate (38.9%). 28 isolates had multidrug resistance. ompK35 gene in 12.5% of K. pneumoniae and ompK36 gene were observed in 11.45% of clinical isolates. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the absence of ompK35 and ompK36 genes plays a role in creating resistance to all kinds of antibiotics and it is necessary to pay attention to this issue in choosing antibiotics to treat and eliminate these isolates. Isolates lacking omk36 were more resistant to the studied antibiotics, especially gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, than isolates lacking ompk35 (P<0.05). Manuscript profile

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132 - Practical Analysis of Strengthening the Economy Based on the Guidelines of the Revolutionary Supreme Leader in the Realm of Resistance Economy (Case Study: Economic Protection of the Islamic Republic of Iran)
Mohsen Azizi Hossein Hassanzadeh Ali Reza Maqdisi

10.22034/sej.2020.1883472.1208

   The purpose of the present study is to explain important indicators of resistance Economy in Iran for the protection of frontiers based on the guidelines of the Supreme Leader on resistance Economy. Applied research method was used in this study and it was More

   The purpose of the present study is to explain important indicators of resistance Economy in Iran for the protection of frontiers based on the guidelines of the Supreme Leader on resistance Economy. Applied research method was used in this study and it was conducted by mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that the introduction of e-government in customs, shortening customs procedures, strict enforcement of health laws and regulations to put ban on importing unhealthy and harmful goods, creating a unique cross-border trade window, and providing special facilities for manufacturing companies are among the most important indicators for strengthening the Iranian economy. Manuscript profile

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133 - The Impact of Martyrdom Discourse on the Formation of National Identity
Reza Parizad Seyed Javad Hashemi Monfared

10.22034/sej.2021.1899581.1242

The purpose of the present study is to analyze the effect of altruism and martyrdom discourse on the formation of national identity, within the framework of discourse analysis. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results indicate that the political socia More

The purpose of the present study is to analyze the effect of altruism and martyrdom discourse on the formation of national identity, within the framework of discourse analysis. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results indicate that the political socialization of the new generation is the solution to identity crisis; and the discourse of altruism and martyrdom has provided the process of socialization with more potential to form national identity. On the other hand, as a result of otherness of this discourse, a resistance approach against the oppressors and dominators is formed. Therefore, those who feel oppressed show resistance by reflecting their identity out of martyrdom discourse and hence fight against or compete with the oppressors. Using this discourse and highlighting some structures and layers of identity coming out of that and by showing the perceived distinctions, Muslim fighters launch a sort of antagonism. Manuscript profile

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134 - Iran’s Islamic Revolution Giving Identity to the Axis of Islamic Resistance (A Case Study: Lebanon’s Hizbullāh)
Pirouz Hashempour Alimohammad Haghighi Ghaffar Zarei

10.22034/sej.2020.1916299.1279

The purpose of the present research is to study the relationship between Iran’s Islamic Revolution and the formation of the Axis of Resistance in giving identity to Lebanon’s Hizbullāh. The main hypothesis is that the Islamic and Shi’ite identity of Ir More

The purpose of the present research is to study the relationship between Iran’s Islamic Revolution and the formation of the Axis of Resistance in giving identity to Lebanon’s Hizbullāh. The main hypothesis is that the Islamic and Shi’ite identity of Iran’s Revolution having some criteria such as soft power could have give identity to the Shi’ite movement of Lebanon’s Hizbullāh and emphasize on the spirit of seeking martyrdom, religion-centeredness, Shi’ite symbolism, belief in Wilāt-i Faqīh, and battle against the hegemony in regional aspects. The method of study was descriptive analysis and the results showed that the cultural, Shi’ite, political, and geographical features have expanded the identity that Iran’s Islamic Revolution has given to Lebanon’s Hizbullāh.   Manuscript profile

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135 - Resistance Movements in West Asia and the Challenge of Iran's Leadership Role in the Axis of Resistance
Lotfi Mehdi Ali Shirkhani Mehdi Javadani Moghadam

10.22034/sej.2023.1975908.1527

This research, employing a descriptive-analytical method with a problem-oriented approach, examines the positive and ideological nature of the Islamic Revolution in the West Asian region as a unique phenomenon. It has managed to transform into an identity-giving model f More

This research, employing a descriptive-analytical method with a problem-oriented approach, examines the positive and ideological nature of the Islamic Revolution in the West Asian region as a unique phenomenon. It has managed to transform into an identity-giving model for the states and groups within the Axis of Resistance. The study adopts a developmental research approach, recognizing the Axis of Resistance as an unwritten security alliance among Shiite and non-Shiite resistance movements in West Asia and beyond, aimed at combating the Israeli regime and Western dominance in the Middle East, thereby advocating for the liberation of Palestine. From the early days of the Islamic Revolution's victory, Iran, by rejecting both Western and Eastern influences, proclaimed the formation of the "Party of the Oppressed" encompassing all the world's oppressed, positioning itself as an inspiring model for militant Muslims. Consequently, countries like Saudi Arabia, which seek to expand the Wahhabi ideology and lead the Arab world, accuse Iran of exporting the revolution and attempting to overthrow regional governments. Aligning with the West, they strive to portray Iran as a threat to regional countries, emphasizing its influence in four capitals (Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, and Sana'a). On the other hand, the Zionist regime attempts to establish friendly relations with Iran's neighboring countries to implement its "Iranophobia" project. By infiltrating Turkey and Iraq in Iran's western borders, Azerbaijan and Central Asia in the northern borders, and the Gulf countries, especially Qatar, in the southern borders, Israel aims to encircle Iran and reduce its influence in leading the Axis of Resistance. Manuscript profile

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136 - Controversy over the succession of Shiite resistance discourses and Takfiri discourse on traditional West Asian security
morteza shirody ahmadraza shhali karam jamshidifard

10.22034/sej.2019.670176

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nature of the competing discourse of Resistance (Shiite) discourse in contrast to the Salafist and Brotherhood discourses in the West Asian Strategic Area and within the analytical framework of the Copenhagen School. More

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nature of the competing discourse of Resistance (Shiite) discourse in contrast to the Salafist and Brotherhood discourses in the West Asian Strategic Area and within the analytical framework of the Copenhagen School. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is based on the hypothesis that following the transformation of recent years, the discourse of Shiite resistance against the Salafist and Brotherhood discourse has managed to bring the Islamic countries present in the West Asian strategic domain into form, method, slogan and also under the objective, to make an impact. The results show that the West Asian strategic area has serious political geopolitics for the proxy-Shiite discourse of the Shiite resistance and the Takfiri (Salafi-Brotherhood) discourse, and the Copenhagen school is able to analyze the dispute well. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

137 - The Missing Soluch and ecosophy
Nastaran khosravi عطاالله Koupal

     Arne Naess, the Norwegian philosopher, coined the word Ecosophy in 1970. His philosophy is the basis to a political movement called The Deep Ecology Movement. The emphasis on the word “deep” is to indicate that the movement is after More

     Arne Naess, the Norwegian philosopher, coined the word Ecosophy in 1970. His philosophy is the basis to a political movement called The Deep Ecology Movement. The emphasis on the word “deep” is to indicate that the movement is after fundamental changes in the way people think and act toward nature. Also, Ecosophy asserts that its followers can permanently review and revise their thought and action. The ultimate goal of the Deep Ecology Movement is Self-realization through nonviolent resistance. Each member of the movement can create her own Ecosophy as long as it includes Naess-Sesseions’ platform. Naess’s personal ecosophy is Ecosophy T.      Ecosophy is not a literary approach but the researcher believes that it has the capacity to become one. It can fill the gaps where Literary Ecocriticism does not assume as its realm. Accordingly, the researcher has applied some of the key concepts introduced by Arne Naess on the novel Missing Soluch by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi. Naess putsdiversity, complexity, and symbiosis under the umbrella term Self-realization while truth and fearlessness go under nonviolent resistance. These concepts are tightly interwoven and interdependent as the the novel proves them to be. The research shows that all the introduced concepts can be more or less found and discussed in the novel. In this sense, the chosen literary text is capable of being read through Ecosophy. Manuscript profile

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138 - components of Post-colonialism Mehdi Akhavan-Sales poem
seyedegohar norbakhsh Abdolhossein Farzad

One of the areas of new studies in the Third-World Countries and a critical approach to a set of theoretical approaches that emphasize the consequences of colonialism on colonial discourse analysis is Post-colonialism studies. Edward Said the real founder of  theor More

One of the areas of new studies in the Third-World Countries and a critical approach to a set of theoretical approaches that emphasize the consequences of colonialism on colonial discourse analysis is Post-colonialism studies. Edward Said the real founder of  theory  post-colonialism , The basis of his theory in his Orientalist essay is based on this. Western thinkers have mainly posited the wrong image of the Orient as "another." Edward Said believes that the consequences of colonialism in terms of chaos, coup, corruption, and civil wars and bloodshed continued to these days. Mehdi Akhavan Sales is one of the poets who narrate the presence of British and American colonialism in his poetry, in the literature of Iran. This descriptive analytic article is about expressing the post-colonial effects of his poetry. Studies show that Akhavan has spoken in a symbolic and illustrative language with poetic images of colonialism, and in his poems described a despondent atmosphere after colonial domination Manuscript profile

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139 - نقش شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی در ایجاد اَشکال مقاومت نوجوانان در پذیرش هنجارهای خانوادگی
معصومه ابراهیمی خلیل میرزایی باقر ساروخانی

Manuscript profile

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140 - A look at the phenomenon of weed resistance to herbicides; from theory to exploitation
behroz khalil tahmasebi mohammad taghi alebrahim rasool fakari Eskandar Zand Rafael de Prado Ami&aacute;n

Although the problem of water scarcity has prevented the increase of area under cultivation, the population growth has led to an increase in production demand. On the other hand, a phenomenon called "resistant weed" has caused concern about the diminished chemical contr More

Although the problem of water scarcity has prevented the increase of area under cultivation, the population growth has led to an increase in production demand. On the other hand, a phenomenon called "resistant weed" has caused concern about the diminished chemical control and consequently reduced production. The evolution and widespread distribution of herbicide-resistant weeds and their management is a challenge for crop producers and land managers. This issue requires more attention to the problem of resistance. In 2011, 372 species of herbicide-resistant biotypes were confirmed globally, reaching 479 species in 2017. By having 7 and 5 biotypes resistant to ACCase and ALS groups, Iran is respectively the 4th and 10th riskiest countries of the world. Today, the most important causes of increasing resistant biotypes in our country can be considered as special attention to the sulfonylureas family of herbicides (ALS), lack of proper training to inform farmers about the consequences of spreading of herbicide-resistant plants and their management practices. In this regard, the first and most important step in the management of herbicide-resistant plants is identification and confirmation of the resistant species. One of the most important aspects of this action is the lack of imposing surplus costs on farmers, providing appropriate management strategies to prevent the emergence and spreading of resistant weeds, and also benefiting from this natural strategy for the production of herbicide resistant plants in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

141 - Identification of dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factor gene in Bromus japonicus under salinity stress
mahboobeh basiri seyed mohsen mosavi nik seyed kazem sabagh davood naderi Asiyeh Siahmarguee Khodadad Mostafavi

Invasive plant species that are characterized as weed, plants are resistant to environmental hard conditions that this feature can be used to the genetic alternation and transformation to resistant crops. The aim of this study was identification of gene involved in tole More

Invasive plant species that are characterized as weed, plants are resistant to environmental hard conditions that this feature can be used to the genetic alternation and transformation to resistant crops. The aim of this study was identification of gene involved in tolerance to abiotic environmental stresses in the Bromus japonicus called DREB2. in this subject, salinity stress was applied via sodium chloride, Sequencing and Identification of stress resistance gene in this plant and then sequence obtained was examined. Sequence Analysis and Comparing sequence obtained with sequences this gene in other plants was performed with softwares such as BLAST, ExPasy, ELM, Clustal W, Meg Align. The result was showed that the amplified fragment belonged to part of salinity-responsive element binding-factor gene in this plant. The comparison DREB2 gene sequence with other sequences this gen in the other plant species was confirm the Bromus japonicus and Aegilops tauschii have the most similarity with 89.9% the highest likeness (the lowest genetic distance). Bioinformatics analysis of the amino acid sequence of the translated nucleotide sequence of the gene DREB2 in the Bromus japonicus through software CDD search showed that AP2 Domain area is in this sequence, These sequence was submitted to GenBank, Its accession code is KP406596. Manuscript profile

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142 - A comparison of cardinal temperatures between haloxyfop R methyl ester- resistant and susceptible winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) biotypes
Saeid Hassanpour Bourkheili Javid Gherekhloo Behnam Kamkar S. Sanaz Rameznpour

Evolution of resistance in weeds leads to induction of fitness cost. Five winter wild oat biotypes resistant to haloxyfop R methyl ester collected from Kalaleh Township located in Golestan province were evaluated along with the susceptible biotype in terms of variation More

Evolution of resistance in weeds leads to induction of fitness cost. Five winter wild oat biotypes resistant to haloxyfop R methyl ester collected from Kalaleh Township located in Golestan province were evaluated along with the susceptible biotype in terms of variation in cardinal temperatures in the following study. The experiment was conducted at laboratories of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources as completely randomized design with 4 replications each consisting of 25 seeds. Petri dishes containing seeds were incubated and monitored continuously at temperatures 5-40 °C (at 5°C intervals) following a 72 hours vernalization at 4°C. Non-linear regression models were used to quantify germination response to temperature. No notable difference was observed among winter wild oat biotypes and beta model at 50 percentile was the most suitable model to describe cardinal temperatures. Base, optimum and ceiling temperatures were estimated between -4.21 to -5.91, 23.37-23.94 and 36.99-37.54 °C, respectively. Thermal tolerance range of susceptible and resistant biotypes were not significantly different. Susceptible and resistant biotypes showed similar response. Lack of fitness cost regarding cardinal temperatures demonstrates that similar non-chemical management practices including early sowing may be implemented to control resistant and susceptible biotypes germination and emergence. Manuscript profile

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143 - Investigating the resistance of wild mustard (Sinapis arvenisis L.) biotypes to tribenuron methyl herbicide in wheat fields of Ramiyan Township
Mahtab Heravi Javid Gherekhloo Asieh Siahmarguee Hossein Kazemi Saeid Hassanpour Bourkheili

More than twenty years after registration of tribenuron methyl herbicide in Iran, there are reports on its lack of efficacy in controlling broad leaved weeds in wheat fields of Ramiyan Township. To investigate the occurrence of resistance to tribenuron methyl in wild mu More

More than twenty years after registration of tribenuron methyl herbicide in Iran, there are reports on its lack of efficacy in controlling broad leaved weeds in wheat fields of Ramiyan Township. To investigate the occurrence of resistance to tribenuron methyl in wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), a series of experiments were conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2016. Putatively resistant wild mustard biotypes were gathered from wheat fields of the Township. A susceptible biotype was also gathered from the fields with no history of spraying. Putative biotypes were first screened with the recommended dose. Then, response of susceptible and resistant biotypes to various doses of tribenuron methyl herbicide was investigated. The results of dose-response assay implied occurrence of resistant to tribenuron methyl in some wild mustard biotypes. Resistance factors of RAM-R-14, RAM-R-27, RAM-R-25, RAM-R-30 and RAM-R-5 were obtained respectively 3.90, 4.10, 3.96, 2.66 and 2.36. Distribution map of fields infested with susceptible and resistant wild mustard biotypes was drawn using geographic information system and it was revealed that the gathered biotypes were observed in the fields which possessed unsuitable cropping pattern and weed management was based on chemical control. The results of the present study may be utilized to implement herbicide-resistant weed management practices as well as prevention of development of these plants to other regions. Manuscript profile

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144 - Futures Studies in Weed Sciences (Review of Future Research Needs and Emerging Technologies)
Ebrahim Izadi Darbandi Arash Maghsoodi

Compared to other agricultural sciences, weed science is a new science, but it has been considered as an old tradition and method. Weeding was one of the first method in weed control, but with the over of time and the invention of agricultural tools, new methods for wee More

Compared to other agricultural sciences, weed science is a new science, but it has been considered as an old tradition and method. Weeding was one of the first method in weed control, but with the over of time and the invention of agricultural tools, new methods for weed control were introduced and have been more or less used until. However, Today, challenges have been created in this science, the most important of which are the emergence of herbicide-resistant biotypes, reduction of the effectiveness of old herbicides, the lack of weed management methods and the reduction of the introduction of herbicides with new modes of action. In the future, according to the need, it is important to introduce natural compounds as a suitable option to discover a new site of action and produce bio-herbicides. Also, genetic engineering will be considered as another tool for adjusting the selective properties of herbicides and creating new management methods. Computer science and robotic, which include electronic eyes, sensors for distinguishing crops from weeds, and other tools related to engineering sciences, are also important and needed in weed management that are being developed and processed. Also, combining old methods with new tools can be considered as a suitable option for sustainable management of weeds. Manuscript profile

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145 - The image of Don Giovanni in the poem of Samīh al-Qāsim and Abdulla Pashew, An imagologic and comparative study
Naseh Molaei Sayed Mahdi Masbogh Salahodin Abdi

The Imagology (Fr. Imagologie) is one of the new important branches of the Comparative literature or Comparative criticism in French school that deals with the image of "I" and "Other" in literary texts. The image of "Other" is like a mirror that on the one hand, I sees More

The Imagology (Fr. Imagologie) is one of the new important branches of the Comparative literature or Comparative criticism in French school that deals with the image of "I" and "Other" in literary texts. The image of "Other" is like a mirror that on the one hand, I sees in it his/her view, and on the other hand the "Other" can see I's viewpoint of his/her view in it. Don Giovanni is a Spanish legendary character who is famous as a philander or gallant or flirt-man. The same character is European cultures. This character is fond of relations to many women and is continuously in search of new cases and leave the old ones. Samīh al-Qāsim and Abullah Pashew, two great poets of the Resistance literature in Arabic and Kurdish literature, has each one an ode for Don Giovanni in order to use it to enrich their resistance literature through its image reflection and to create more fruitful poetic concepts. This essay in the light of comparative literature and by use of descriptive-analytic approach tries to disclose the Arab and kurd "I" outlook in  imaging "Spanish mythical other" and employing it in their poems. Samih al-Qāsim's imaging of Don Giovanni is tolerant and compromising, but Abullah Pashew's is in the beginning tolerance and then changes to negative and ugly one. I in these two odes are of the real kind (human being) and "other" is of the mythical type. Manuscript profile

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146 - A New-Historicist Reading Of Contemporary Arabic Poetic Play; "Case Study in Shawqis's the Death of Cleopatra
Ebrahim Hassani Javad Yaghoobi Derabi

New Historicists believe that a literary work should be evaluated in its historical context. It means that a work of art is written under the impacts of social conditions, formed in a particular context, impressed by various discourses, and it impacts on them mutually. More

New Historicists believe that a literary work should be evaluated in its historical context. It means that a work of art is written under the impacts of social conditions, formed in a particular context, impressed by various discourses, and it impacts on them mutually. On this ground, power as a set of relations (and discourses) is available at all times and has an intimate relationship with the dominant discourse and other narratives. So through written workes belong to a given era, critics will be able to find out power relations in that era and this helps them to achieve its meaning. Ahmad Shawqi in his verse play, under influences of social conditioning, embodied power relations. And his picture of power meets Foucault's terms regarding power. Foucault, as a new historicist, pursues power everywhere. As he says "Where there is power, there is resistance, and yet, or rather consequently, this resistance is never in a position of exteriority in relation to power", he crystallizes a binary operation between power and resistance. Furthermore, by evaluating this work, I show power relations among characters e.g. Cleopatra and Romans, Cleopatra and Caesar, Egypt and Rome. In the following, I illustrate the ways characters resist in the chain of power relations. Attendance of Eastern women in power positions is another matter which will be shown respectively. Manuscript profile

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147 - Reflection of Elements of Resistance in the Poetry of Adnan Alsaeq
Hamed Sedqi Sayyed Adnan Ashkoori Soqra Falahati Sabri Jalilian

  Literature of resistance is the sign of conscious conscience against violence of enemies and restoring human rights and also a collective reaction against domination of oppression that may be imposed from inside or outside. As a country in  which policies of More

  Literature of resistance is the sign of conscious conscience against violence of enemies and restoring human rights and also a collective reaction against domination of oppression that may be imposed from inside or outside. As a country in  which policies of terror, oppression and war by the "Baath regime" ,attacks of America ,and imposing global sanctions observed during recent few decades, Iraq has been a proper context for rise of resistance literature and warrior and exiled poets. "Adnan Al-Saeq" (born1955), contemporary Iraqi poet, is one of these poets whose poetic concepts are an outcry against the oppression of "Baath regime" and American occupation and abuses of world superpowers and a cry for union with mass movements and defense of the oppressed Palestinian people. Adnan uses different techniques in expressing his purposes including calling religious-historical events, applying masks of some historical figures, fictional odes, conversation elements, satire , burlesques, and symbolism.  Manuscript profile

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148 - The Portrait of Revolution and Resistancein Aboulqasem Lahouti's Poetry
Ali Ganjian soraya rahimi

AboulqasemLahouti is a pioneer and eminent poet in Persian literature. His poems are like historical narratives which ingeminate what happened to Iran in that period of history for his readers and audiences. He is a capable poet who is aware of his social responsibiliti More

AboulqasemLahouti is a pioneer and eminent poet in Persian literature. His poems are like historical narratives which ingeminate what happened to Iran in that period of history for his readers and audiences. He is a capable poet who is aware of his social responsibilities and has realized the significance of poetry and its effect on people's soul and its power to motivate nation and people to face power and despotism; therefore, he has expressed his liberal and reforming thoughts and ideas in the form of beautiful poems and he has invited and called his compatriots to arise and fight against injustice, cruelty and corruption. The current study and research decides to introduce this great, prestigious poet who unfortunately has remained obscure. This article studies and surveys the resistance and revolution in Lahouti's poems in analytical descriptive way and style and also expresses the most dominant and particular theme and content of his poems consisting freedom, criticizing government, colonialism review, complaint about ignorance and neglected people, reminiscence of glorious past and taking inspiration from it. By searching and deliberating in Lahouti's poems we can realize that he is a responsible and poet who motivates bravery and courage among his compatriots to fight against the enemies for the sake of reaching freedom and equality in the battlefield. On the other hand, Lahouti's joint to communist party, his political views, military morale and presence in battlefields are the features which cause Lahouti's poems be promotional (slogan) and full of invitation to insurgence and resistance   in more cases. Manuscript profile

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149 - Technical Study of Mahmood Darvish's Poems
Hassan Majidi Fershte Jannesari

Mahmood Darvish is one of the most famous poets of Palestine resistance, of those who lived in alienation and refuge, bearing the burden of hardships. The poems of this poet are the most honest experience and the most tangible picture  of Palestinians combat; and i More

Mahmood Darvish is one of the most famous poets of Palestine resistance, of those who lived in alienation and refuge, bearing the burden of hardships. The poems of this poet are the most honest experience and the most tangible picture  of Palestinians combat; and in spite of the Zionist regimes attempts to practice ethnic, life and civilization cleansing of the Palestinians, the exclamation of this poet still goes beyond other voices, making everybody hear his love of his usurped homeland.       The voice that manifests his love and epic for Palestine through his elegies sounds as though it come out of a volcano, cooling down only by revenge. Yet, dealing with the problems of Palestine and resistance did not make him neglect other issues in Arabic poetry since he regarded himself trained by and a follower of old and new poets.       In this study, references will be made to some important concepts of his resistance poems, and then samples of each will be discussed and technically like challenge, deprivation, expatriation and wandering, murder and assassination, prison, resistance and irreconcilability, love of homeland, love of homeland, hope for the future. Manuscript profile

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150 - Resistance in the poetry of Iran and Algeria: Comparative Study of Moufdi Zakaria and Farokhi Yazdi
Eisa Motaghi-Zadeh Sayed Ismaiel hoseini-Ajdad Hamed Poor-Heshmati

Literature has always been proportional to the taste of humanity and played a prominent role in revolutions and social movements to achieve independence and freedom during history. Resistance literature as a branch of literature, has made a roaring literature that there More

Literature has always been proportional to the taste of humanity and played a prominent role in revolutions and social movements to achieve independence and freedom during history. Resistance literature as a branch of literature, has made a roaring literature that there is no way of stop and hopelessness to it, and has defended societies by putting aside repressive force, it has acted like a deterrent weapon to provide eternal cultural background of attacked societies, and wants to provoke the flame of hope in the hearts of nations. An approach to study poetry from the perspective of resistance literature, helps to understand its quality. One of the effects of this literature is to arouse the nation's will against demands of oppressors who believe in suppress and oppress. Resistance literature is the only weapon which some poets such as Moufdi Zakaria and Farokhi Yazdi by using it; had done a pioneering effort in Iran and Algeria's resistance poetry. Therefore this research investigates a comparative study between two poets; Moufdi Zakaria and Farokhi Yazdi, by descriptive-analytic method, without considering the two types of revolutions in both countries and emphasize on American and Sulaf School in comparative literature. Result of the study indicates that both poets have a common general goals and different methods. Since the resistance in Farokhi Yazdi is an aggressive one, instead of blaming autarchy and colonization, he pays attention to quarrel and awareness of his own nation due to negligence and uninformed domination over them, while Moufdi Zakaria takes an encouraging method toward his own people in resistance procedure and prefers to be proud of them and narrate their valor and courage in order to increase the spirit of resistance in them. Manuscript profile

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151 - Representation of Resistance in Poetry of Ibn-al-Ghaisarani
Sayyed Mahdi Masboogh Sara Asadi

 Literature has always been the stage of representing sublime concepts of humanity and illustrates most latent scenes of human life. War and resistance have been apparently represented in literature as two most important expressions of human life. Writers and poets More

 Literature has always been the stage of representing sublime concepts of humanity and illustrates most latent scenes of human life. War and resistance have been apparently represented in literature as two most important expressions of human life. Writers and poets  have always created beautiful works in this context such as those written  after crusades and events  of fateful conflicts between   Muslims and Christians. Moreover, after the  rise of Zangian and liberation of occupied territories, poets and belletrists, as representatives  of the society, dedicated their poems to encourage rulers and associate epic feeling and fighting.  Ibn- al- Ghaisarani (478- 548 AH) is among brilliant poets of Zangian period who assigned his mission to resistance goals and its pugnaciously approach and to liberate Islamic territories from dominance of crusaders. Influenced by religious thoughts and Islamic beliefs, he caused incitement and promotion of morale of warriors and Islamic leaders. Calling to combat, hope for the future, expressing joy and happiness and history adaptation are considered as the most important elements and components of resistance in his poetry. Present study is to investigate resistance poems of the brilliant poet in resistance area of classic Arabic Literature and to consider most important elements of resistance.   Manuscript profile

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152 - Narrative Form of Story Telling in Palestine's literature of Resistance (Case Study of the Novel Babossaheh)
Kobra Roshanfekr Naeemeh Parandavaji Khalil Parvini Faramarz Mirzaee

Narrative  form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative &nbsp More

Narrative  form of the story studies the relation between the narrator and characters, and it is an important tool for transferring of speeches and thoughts of characters to the reader, from this way the readers get into the atmosphere of the story. Narrative  forms are divided in to five; direct, indirect, free direct, free indirect and narrative report of speeches and thoughts, based on the domination degree of the narrator and the characters. The present article deals with descriptive and analytical style and by presenting a complete statistics population of characters' speeches, studies different ways of speech representation of "Babossahe" a novel by Sahar Khalifeh.  Findings of the study demonstrated that the narrator used all forms of speech representation styles for showing Palestine social condition and problems of the women of country at the first years of uprising, but direct speech, narrative style of speech and free direct speech have the most frequencies. The narrator by using direct speech and free direct speech allows the characters to relate with the reader and familiarize them with the narrators political, economical, cultural and social mental distresses. Using these techniques helps the narrator to show different sides of life and problems of Palestine women. Manuscript profile

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153 - Comparative Analysis of Sa'adi’s and Al-kufi’s Odes on the Mogul's Invasion
nemat o llah beh ragham yahia ataei

The Catastrophe of Mongol invasion is regarded to have its most tragic impact on Iranian and Arabic history. It led to a painful grief and agony among the people of that era. It seems natural that the writers and poets with delicate tastes and sensation were more sensit More

The Catastrophe of Mongol invasion is regarded to have its most tragic impact on Iranian and Arabic history. It led to a painful grief and agony among the people of that era. It seems natural that the writers and poets with delicate tastes and sensation were more sensitive than the common people with respect to cruelty and assaults. Shams al-dinAlkufi and Sa'adiShirazi were among the first poets who reflected the consequencesof this tragic attack in their poems and accordingly affected the audience highly, with respect to the fact that both poets lived in the same period. The authors of this Comparative endeavor based on New Criticism studied the structure and subject matter of two odes analytically. Therefore,study ofthe communalities and differences reveals that the ambiguity and complexity in Sa'adi’s poems are not to the extent of those of Alkufi. This is due to the fact that the sentence and phrase structures are natural not artificial although both poets enjoyed a straight forward and narrative style as reflected in Mogul invasion.   Manuscript profile

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154 - Designing a Low Power Low Noise Amplifier for Global Positioning System (GPS) Standard Based on Simulation and Mathematical Relationships
Mozhgan Javahernia Sahel Javahernia

10.30495/jce.2023.1981190.1194

Today, one of the most important issues in mobile communication systems is having a long battery life. Therefore, the problem of power consumption appears as one of the challenges in the field of designing high frequency circuits. In a high-frequency receiver, due to th More

Today, one of the most important issues in mobile communication systems is having a long battery life. Therefore, the problem of power consumption appears as one of the challenges in the field of designing high frequency circuits. In a high-frequency receiver, due to the placement of the low-noise amplifier in the first stage of the receiver, this amplifier is very important to determine the linearity and noise in the entire receiver. In this paper, a low noise amplifier has been designed for the GPS standard. Compared to previous works, the noise of the amplifier has been reduced somehow, and its power consumption has reached its minimum value. The working method is that in common source amplifiers, their source base is connected with an inductor, which results in improving circuit noise. But the used inductor occupies the surface of the chip. Therefore, in this article, the existence of the inductor in wire-bond is used, and the noise of the amplifier is reduced, and the occupied area of the chip is not increased. Gain, NF, input impedance of the proposed amplifier have been calculated in the best case and the worst case in the corners of FF and SS, and it can be seen that in this article, compared to the previous works, very favorable results have been obtained. Manuscript profile

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155 - Modeling and quantitative structure-activity study of some carboxylate derivatives as anticancer drugs using multivariate linear regression and artificial neural networks
mehdi nekoei Mahmood Ebrahimi پرستو فتاحی Behzad Chahkandi

Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancers, but many cancers become resistant to the therapeutic effects of a drug during treatment with chemotherapy, which is called Multi Drug Resistance. Currently, some new drugs, including carboxylate derivativ More

Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancers, but many cancers become resistant to the therapeutic effects of a drug during treatment with chemotherapy, which is called Multi Drug Resistance. Currently, some new drugs, including carboxylate derivatives, have been used to reduce drug resistance. In the present study, a structure-activity quantitative relationship (QSAR) study was performed to predict the drug activity of some carboxylate derivatives using multivariate linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). First, the structure of drug compounds, drawing and appropriate group of descriptors were calculated. Then, the step selection method was used to obtain the best descriptors that were most related to the drug activity of the compounds. First, the linear model of multiple linear regression (MLR) was developed. ANN was then used to obtain better results. Statistical data show the superiority of ANN method over MLR method. Manuscript profile

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156 - Effect of Nano-graphene on the Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Nanocomposite based on Polystyrene Using SBS as Compatibilizer
A. Mohebbi O. Rastegar H. Hassanabadi A. Kavoosi M. Ghaznavi

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157 - Investigation on the Firing Behavior and Chemical Properties of Nano-Fluoroapatite-Fluorocanasite Glass-Ceramic Dental Glaze
B. Behdarvand Dehkoordi B. Eftekhari-Yekta A. Nemati

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158 - Effect of coating time on properties of ceramic-graphene nano composite coating applied by plasma electrolyte oxidation on AZ31B Mg alloy
H. Nasiri-Vatan M. Adabi

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159 - Effect of Silica Nanoparticles on Improvement in Compressive Strength of Aerated Lightweight Concrete
S.M. Mousavi M.R. Akbarpour B. Alinejad G. Mahdavinia M. Majedi-asl

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160 - The study of Nano-Al2O3 addition on zinc phosphate coating corrosion
M.J. Rahimian B. Shayegh Boroujeny E. Saebnoori

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161 - Determining reliability and validity of the Transition to Retirement Questionnaire and its relationship with resistance to change (case study: teachers nearing retirement)
Hossein Motahhari Nejad Farah Tajrobehkar

10.30486/jsrp.2019.548740.

The aim of this research was to determine reliability and validity of the Transition to Retirement Questionnaire (TRQ) and to study its relationship with resistance to change. Based on Schlossberg’s typology of the retired, the TRQ is designed by Maggiori, Nihil, More

The aim of this research was to determine reliability and validity of the Transition to Retirement Questionnaire (TRQ) and to study its relationship with resistance to change. Based on Schlossberg’s typology of the retired, the TRQ is designed by Maggiori, Nihil, Froidevaux and Rossier (2013) to assess five dimensions related to personal perceptions of transition to retirement, retirement, and personal plans and activities. The questionnaire on the sample of 315 teachers who have a history of more than twenty years was conducted. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine reliability of the questionnaire. From 0/70 to 0/94 reliability five factors were obtained. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine validity of the questionnaire. The results indicate suitability of the five-factor structure of the questionnaire. The results of the relationship between resistance to change and the transition to retirement also indicated that routine seeking has a negative relationship with adventure, but routine seeking, emotional reaction and short-term focus have the positive relationship with searcher and retreater (p<0.01). Manuscript profile

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162 - Critical theory impact on the curriculum studies theorizing
Sirus Mansoori Mohammad Hasan Karimi Majid Kowsary Meimanat Abedini Baltork

10.30486/jsre.2018.545141

Critical theory in recent decades have been affected field of education and curriculum studies that its results are emergence of terms and theories such as the reproduction theory, resistance theory and hidden curriculum that used frequently in educational texts. The ge More

Critical theory in recent decades have been affected field of education and curriculum studies that its results are emergence of terms and theories such as the reproduction theory, resistance theory and hidden curriculum that used frequently in educational texts. The general idea of critical theorists that generally are Neo-Marxist is based on conflict between the dominant and the dominated in education. This paper has examined at analysis approach, both study of critical theory, and also theories derived from the field of curriculum studies. In addition, given the criticisms and then its application to curriculum. Theories and key concepts derived from critical theory are including the reproduction theory, resistance theory and hidden curriculum which are discussed in this article. Reproduction theory is following this idea that educational system and the curriculum by providing specific conditions to reproduce the existing culture and is in domination hands. Hidden curriculum refers to the fact that in the context of the school curriculum, but conscious, students push gives to the ruling system. Resistance theory that the human factor at this point important is believed that Students and down stairs in the school curriculum is resistant to existence curriculum. Finally, the paper looks at the application of some elements of the curriculum based on critical theory. Manuscript profile

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163 - Intellectual and theoretical Origins of the Shadow curriculum and recognition of its evidences In educational system of Iran
Morteza Bazdar Gamchi Gayeh korush fathi vajargah Mahboobeh Arefi Magsood Farasatkhah

10.30486/jsre.2020.584895.1338

The present study intends to analyze the intellectual and theoretical origins of the shadow curriculum and then provide evidence for this concept from Iranian schools. The approach of this study is qualitative which in the first stage of the research is an analytical-de More

The present study intends to analyze the intellectual and theoretical origins of the shadow curriculum and then provide evidence for this concept from Iranian schools. The approach of this study is qualitative which in the first stage of the research is an analytical-descriptive method. The second stage is narrative research. The research population consisted of teachers, first grade students, and student teachers of Farhangiyan University of Ardebil. Data collection was in addition to written sources on theories and views, Unstructured interview. Data from 5 individual and group interviews reached theoretical saturation. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis method which consists of 6 main themes: student underground activities, documentation, engineering of exam results, inconsistency in statements and practice, discrimination and resistance of students. These themes as well as their sub-themes and concepts are among the most important examples of shadow curriculum in Iranian schools. According to the results of this research, these activities and instances have their roots in the theory of resistance, Jacques Lacan's super-ego, as well as Slavoj Zizek's ideas. Manuscript profile

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164 - Analysis of the teacher's guide books and textbooks of primary school and secondary school of the education system in terms of resistive economy
Zahra Khoje behrooz mahram mahmood saeedy

10.30486/jsre.2023.562847.1119

The aim of this research was to consider resistive economy contents of teacher's guide books and textbooks of primary school and secondary school of Iran's education system. The content analysis method was used to check the economy attention to the contents of resistive More

The aim of this research was to consider resistive economy contents of teacher's guide books and textbooks of primary school and secondary school of Iran's education system. The content analysis method was used to check the economy attention to the contents of resistive economy in these books. In this research all textbooks were investigated and the concept of each paragraph was recorded as a unit. Deductive method was done for the coding process. Descriptive statistics in this research were frequency, percentage and charts Chi-square test was used for frequency differences determination. According to the data of the content analysis of these books revealed that consumption patterns of reform, entrepreneurship, manufacture and domestic production (supporting national production), the formation and extraversion have been more considered. The resistance economic components were neglected, which they include: Knowledge-based economy, reforming economic structures and institutions, clarification and purification of economy, Justice economics and reduce dependence on oil and raw retail component. For improving the curriculum and thus foster the resistance of economy, there should be consideration over reviewing and incorporating Resistive economy in books of Education. Manuscript profile

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165 - Resistance training with nanocurcumin on IL-4 and STAT-6 gene expression in muscle cells of healthy male rats
Sadra Sheidaei Shahin Riyahi Malayeri Masoumeh Hosseini

زمینه و هدف: محور پیام‌دهی IL4/STAT-6 یکی از مهم&rlm;ترین مسیرهای مهم درگیر در رشد و توسعه سرطان می‌باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر تمرین مقاومتی همراه با مصرف نانوکورکومین بر IL-4 و STAT-6 در سلول های ضلانی رت های نر سالم بود. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، 32 More

زمینه و هدف: محور پیام‌دهی IL4/STAT-6 یکی از مهم&rlm;ترین مسیرهای مهم درگیر در رشد و توسعه سرطان می‌باشد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی تاثیر تمرین مقاومتی همراه با مصرف نانوکورکومین بر IL-4 و STAT-6 در سلول های ضلانی رت های نر سالم بود. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه تجربی، 32 سر رت نر نژاد ویستار به طور تصادفی به چهار گروه (کنترل، تمرین مقاومتی، نانوکورکومین، تمرین مقاومتی+ نانوکورکومین) تقسیم شدند. برنامه تمرینی به مدت 4 هفته و 3 جلسه در هر هفته اجرا شد. گروه های دریافت کننده مکمل روزانه 80 میلی گرم نانوکورکومین به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به مدت 4 هفته به صورت خوراکی (گاواژ) دریافت کردند. بیان ژنIL-4 و STAT-6 با روش Real-time PCR اندازه گیری شد. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد تمرین مقاومتی همراه با مصرف نانوکورکومین موجب افزایش معنادار IL-4 نسبت به سایر گروه ها و کاهش STAT-6 نسبت به گروه تمرین سلول عضلانی رت های نر سالم شد(05/0>P ).نتیجه گیری: به نظر می&rlm; رسد چهار هفته تمرین مقاومتی همراه با مصرف مکمل نانوکورکومین احتمالا با تاثیر بر محور پیام دهی IL-4/STAT-6 می تواند به تنهایی در روند کاهش آن موثرتر باشد. Manuscript profile

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166 - Evaluation of Bacteriovorus Stalpii predator on the healing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wounds in rats
Mohammad Shahbazzadeh Elham Moazamian Alireza Rafati Masoud Fardin

Inroduction & Objective: Drug-resistant infection is one of the leading causes of death from burn injuries. Bacteriovorus stalpii, like other predators, invades and destroys the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investi More

Inroduction & Objective: Drug-resistant infection is one of the leading causes of death from burn injuries. Bacteriovorus stalpii, like other predators, invades and destroys the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the Bacteriovorus stalpii on the healing rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wounds in rats. Material and Methods: 30 albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of positive, negative, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and staphylococcal bacteriorex after 3 burn wounds.30 rats N-MRI were randomly divided in to 5 groups positive and negative control, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and Bacteriovorus stalpii, and except for the negative control group, all groups Burned and Infected by 4 multidrug resistant Pseudomonas isolates. After treatment with bacteria and antibiotics, wound colonies were reported every other day and wound area was measured within 20 days. Results: The results of colony count showed that Bacteriovorus stalpii in infected wounds significantly reduced the amount of bacteria in 21 days compared to other groups and this decrease was better than the performance of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics. Measurement of wound area over 20 days also showed that the use of predatory bacteria reduced wound area in burnt rat compared to control groups. Histological examination of the resulting wounds showed that the predatory bacteria reduced inflammation, increased fibroblasts cell and increased tissue collagen compared to the control group. Conclusion: Bacteriovorus stalpii can accelerate the treatment process in drug-resistant infections. Manuscript profile

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167 - The Effect of 8 Week of Resistance Training with Licorice and Boldenone Extract on Sperm Cells, Sertoli and Leydig Testicular Tissue of Male Rats
Abdolali Banaeifar Mahnaz Shahrokhian Kermani Sajad Arshadi Bahram Abedi

Inroduction & Objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids popular among athletes have many beneficial and harmful effects on the body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the effect of 8 hours of moderate intensity resistance training with licorice and Bolde More

Inroduction & Objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids popular among athletes have many beneficial and harmful effects on the body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the effect of 8 hours of moderate intensity resistance training with licorice and Boldenone extract on sperm cells, Sertoli and Leydig testicular tissue of male rats. Materials and Methods: For the present experimental study, 40 8-week-old male rats weighing 20-220 g were selected and divided into 8 groups of 5, including healthy control, resistance training, and bulldon, Licorice, Boldenone + Licorice, Boldenone, Resistance Training, resistance training + licorice and resistance training + Boldenone + licorice were divided. Then, the resistance training groups performed moderate-intensity training 8 times a week and three times a week, the Boldenone groups received 5 (mg / kg) Boldenone once a week, and the licorice groups received weekly exercise. They received 500 (mg / kg) licorice three times. 48 hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized by injection of ketamine (70 mg / kg) and xylarine (10 mg / kg) and after incision in the anterior part of the abdominal wall, testicular tissue was removed and tested Stored in refrigerator-80. Finally Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the means of spermatoid, sertoli and testicular tissue of male rats in different groups. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study and the effect of exercise and licorice, it is recommended that athletes use these exercises and licorice in consultation with a physician. Manuscript profile

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168 - Frequency of qnrA and sul1 genes in Escherichia coli isolated from pericarditis and perihepatitis lesions of broilers in Isfahan province
Mohammad Horri Majid Gholami-Ahangarn

Inroduction & Objective: Antibiotic resistance can complicate the treatment of infectious diseases of livestock and poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of genes encoding resistance to quinolones and sulfonamides in Escherichia coli (E. coli More

Inroduction & Objective: Antibiotic resistance can complicate the treatment of infectious diseases of livestock and poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of genes encoding resistance to quinolones and sulfonamides in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from pericarditis and periphepatitis lesions in broilers to provide a suitable background for treatment with these drugs in these lesions.  Material and Methods: In this study, for detecting of resistance genes to fluoroquinolones and suvanamides, 50 bacterial strains were isolated from broiler chickens with pericarditis and periphepatitis and E. coli colonies were confirmed by microbial and biochemical tests. Then, the resistance of the strains to the commercial antibiotics (Enrofloxacin and sulfonamide + trimethoprim) was evaluated by the conventional antibiogram method. In addition, the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method and the qnrA and sul1 genes were amplified with specific primers to evaluate antibiotic resistance against fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides. Results: In this study, 54% of enrofloxacin-resistant strains possed qnrA gene and 48% of sulfonamide-resistant strains plus trimethoprim contained sul1 gene. In this study, resistant strains without studied resistance genes were also found, which indicates the importance of other resistance genes in the development of resistance against sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones. Conclusion: Evaluation of antibiotic resistance against enrofloxacin and sulfonamides is not possible with the help of one gene and to accurately determine antibiotic resistance, routine phenotypic tests are more effective than detecting a specific gene. Manuscript profile

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169 - The effect of HIIT and thyme honey on gene expression of cardiac tissue apoptotic indices and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic rats
bahareh behaeen Hossein َAbedntanzi mandana gholami farshad ghazalian

Inroduction & Objective: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that can cause damage and cell death or apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene of heart tissue and insulin resistance index More

Inroduction & Objective: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease that can cause damage and cell death or apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene of heart tissue and insulin resistance index after intense intermittent exercise and consumption of thyme honey in diabetic type 2 rats. Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of rats. After 20 weeks of high fat diet and injection of STZ became diabetic. Rats in 4 groups: control(n=6),HIIT(n= 8),thyme honey(n= 6),HIIT-thyme honey (n=8) trained HIIT for eight weeks, five sessions per week with intense 2-minute intense alternation with 2 to 8 alternations and with 80 to 90% vo2max and one-minute rest alternation with 50 to 56% vo2max.Thyme honey was given by gavage at a rate of 3g/kg 5days a week. Glucose, insulin and expression of Bax and Bcl2 genes and their ratio was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-factor analysis of variance test and determining the effect size and Bonfroni post hoc.Results: HIIT and thyme honey decreased Bax gene expression and increased Bcl2 expression in heart cells (P<0.05). HIIT and thyme honey in diabetic rats led to improved glucose and insulin levels and decreased insulin resistance index. It also decreased the expression of Bax gene and increased the expression of Bcl2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: HIIT with thyme honey led to improved glycemic profile and changes in glucose and insulin levels, as well as positive and appropriate changes in the expression of cardiac and anti-apoptotic genes.  Manuscript profile

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170 - Comparison the effect of one period of anaerobic and resistance training on some metalloproteins affecting heart fibrosis in elderly mice
Fatemeh Ghalambor Hossein َAbedntanzi mandana gholami Farshad Ghazalian

 Introduction & Objective: Aging causes structural changes in the heart that are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a period of aerobic and resistance training on some metalloproteins More

 Introduction & Objective: Aging causes structural changes in the heart that are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a period of aerobic and resistance training on some metalloproteins that affect heart fibrosis in elderly mice.Materials & Methods: For the present experimental study, 27 male Wistar rats with an average age of 24 months were prepared from the center of Pasteur Institute and after weighing were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, resistance training and low intensity aerobic training. Then, the aerobic training group started training for 12 minutes with an intensity of 12 meters per minute in the first week, and at the end of the eighth week, the time reached 52 minutes and the intensity was constant. The resistance training group did 8 repetitions in the first week with 5% of body weight and in the eighth week the intensity reached 40% of body weight. Sampling was performed 48 hours after the last training session.Results: results showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of aerobic and resistance training methods on MMP-2 and the percentage of collagen deposition in the heart tissue of elderly mice. But there is no significant difference between the effect of two training methods on MMP-9.Conclusion: According to the results, the use of aerobic and resistance training on heart fibrosis is recommended in consultation with a physician, which is more recommended on the use of resistance training. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

171 - The effect of a session of intense resistance activity with glutamine supplementation on the relative expression of myogenin and myosin creatine kinase genes in the fast-twitch muscle fibers of adult male Wistar rats.
mansoor mottahedi Tahereh Bagherpoor َArdeshir Zafari nematallah nemati

Background & Aim: Despite the importance of resistance protocol and glutamine on hypertrophy, their effect on myogenic genes expression process is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an intense resistance session w More

Background & Aim: Despite the importance of resistance protocol and glutamine on hypertrophy, their effect on myogenic genes expression process is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an intense resistance session with glutamine on Myogenin and Myosin creatine kinase gene expression in male Wistar rats. Materials & Methods: 30 8-week-old male rats with an approximate weight of 220±20 were prepared and divided into three groups, control, intense resistance training, and intense resistance training with glutamine, in a simple random manner. The training groups participated in a resistance session of climbing the ramp with 4 sets, 5 repetitions, 30 seconds of rest between repetitions and 2 minutes of rest between sets. Glutamine was once a day powder dissolved in 100 cc of distilled water at a dose of 5.5 grams per kilogram of body weight every day for 5 days. The Extensor Digitorum long muscle tissue was sent to the relevant laboratory to study the expression of Myogenin and Myosin creatine kinase genes. The relative fold change method was used to check gene expression data at a significance level of 5%. Results: The gene expression results showed that myogenin and myosin creatine kinase gene expression levels increased significantly as a result of a high-intensity resistance training session with glutamine compared to the control group, and this value was more pronounced in the resistance training group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that an intense resistance training session is more effective than glutamine on the increase of myogenic genes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

172 - تاثیر مصرف مکمل کوئرستین بر CRP و IL-6 پس از یک جلسه تمرین مقاومتی وامانده ساز در مردان جوان
خلیل محمودی خلیل اله منیخ فرامرز یزدانی

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173 - بررسی شاخص‌های رشد و ترکیب لاشه ماهی کپور معمولی(Cyprinus carpio) در مواجهه با نانوذرات آهن و پروبیوتیک لاکتوباسیلوس کازئی
روح اله شیخ ویسی سید علی اکبرر هدایتی طاهره باقری علی جافر نوده

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174 - A Novel Method to Improve Transient Performance and Reduce Microgrid Disturbances Using Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter and Auto Recloser
Arman Golzarfar Ahmad Mirzaei

10.30486/teeges.2024.2002968.1118

The increasing use of distributed generation sources in microgrids causes problems when a fault occurs, including an increase in the level of short-circuit current in the microgrid and consequently it causes disturbances in the system after fixing the fault. In this pap More

The increasing use of distributed generation sources in microgrids causes problems when a fault occurs, including an increase in the level of short-circuit current in the microgrid and consequently it causes disturbances in the system after fixing the fault. In this paper, using a novel method, the installation location and the optimal resistance value of the resistive superconducting fault current limiter in the microgrid are determined by considering the energy losses in the resistive superconducting fault current limiter, the requirements of low voltage ride through of the doubly fed induction generator and the interrupting capacity of circuit breakers. Also, a mathematical model of resistive superconducting fault current limiter is presented, which by simulating and placing it in the microgrid and applying various types of faults in different points of the microgrid, the effectiveness of the proposed resistive superconducting fault current limiter in reducing the short circuit current level of the microgrid, the impact of simultaneous use of resistive superconducting fault current limiter and auto recloser in significant decreasing of disturbances after Fixing the fault and improving the requirements of low voltage ride through of the doubly fed induction generator are approved. Finally, the analytical comparison of the proposed method with other studies conducted in this field is examined and proves its effectiveness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

175 - Evaluation of promising rice genotypes for resistance to rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in paddy field conditions
Farzad Majidi-Shilsar Meherzad Allagholipour

The objective of this study was to identify rice lines (genotypes) resistant to striped stem borer and to determine plant characteristics associated with resistance. In this research, a total of 63 rice lines were evaluated in the field under natural infestation conditi More

The objective of this study was to identify rice lines (genotypes) resistant to striped stem borer and to determine plant characteristics associated with resistance. In this research, a total of 63 rice lines were evaluated in the field under natural infestation conditions during 2016- 2017. The lines exhibited considerable variation for plant height (84.30-149 cm), stem diameter (3.7-6.3 mm), panicle length (21.1-32.9 cm), number of larvae (3.83-69.50), growth period (108-138 days), white heads infestation (1.11-11.72 %) and grain yield (3.7-8.2t.ha-1)in relation to the mentioned pest. The results showed that the white heads infestation percent had significantly correlated with plant height stem diameter and panicle length. And also, there was a significantly correlated the decrease of grain yield by increasing the stem diameter, more infestation and white heads. The cluster analysis based on the studied morphological characteristics showed that all genotypes were classified into three groups. So that, 8, 26 and 29 genotypes was located in A, B and C classes, respectively. Among all the genotypes, the lines of the third group (Class C) can be used as a source for breeding programs to achieve the new rice cultivars which is to be tolerant to rice striped stem borer pest. Manuscript profile

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176 - Comparison of resistance index of some wheat cultivars to the Sunn pest Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)
Mina RAHIMI Akbar GHASSEMI-KAHRIZEH

Field experiments were conducted to comparing of plant resistance index (PRI) in nine wheat cultivars to the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, 1881 in Naghadeh region in 2014. Plants were naturally infected with pest. The number of damaged clusters was used for t More

Field experiments were conducted to comparing of plant resistance index (PRI) in nine wheat cultivars to the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, 1881 in Naghadeh region in 2014. Plants were naturally infected with pest. The number of damaged clusters was used for the study of antixenosis index. To investigate the antibiosis index, second instars nymphal of the pest were reared on plants grown in pots. Mortality percentages of nymphal stage were considered and analyzed as the antibiosis index. To determine the tolerance of cultivars, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design. Infestation occurred naturally. At the end of the season, the density of 4th and 5th instars nymph was determined on all varieties. Significant differences were observed in all studied traits (p ≤ 0.05). Plant resistance index was determined for all studied cultivars. Cultivars Rasad, Azar 2 and Saysionese were the most resistant cultivars with 8.33, 7.27 and 5.27 amounts of PRI, respectively in comparison to the others. There was a meaningful difference between antixenosis and antibiosis indices (p ≤ 0.01). Manuscript profile

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177 - A review of sustainable weed management in soybean
rahman khakzad Rasoul Loghmanpour Zarini

Weed management is an essential element of successful crop production. In recent years, an exponential rise in human population and drastic changes in climate and production techniques have intensified the crop production systems and increased the weed infestations. The More

Weed management is an essential element of successful crop production. In recent years, an exponential rise in human population and drastic changes in climate and production techniques have intensified the crop production systems and increased the weed infestations. The evolution of herbicide resistance in a large number of weed species across the world has further aggravated the situation. These circumstances require sustainable weed management tools that can be used effectively to achieve decent crop yields without affecting the environment and ecosystem services negatively. Some of the conventional weed control methods, including the use of preventive measures, tillage and mechanical control, crop competition, soil coverage, crop rotations and crop diversification, are still effective and ecofriendly. No single weed management tactic has proven to be the “magic bullet” for eliminating weed problems, given the nature of weed communities, but a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms that influence the success or failure of weeds in agro-ecosystems will further favor the development and adoption of sustainable weed management systems for agricultural crops. Although the ecologically-based, cultural and physical weed control methods have great potential for sustainable weed management, herbicides cannot be completely left out. In fact, herbicides could be an effective tool in an integrated weed management kit. However, the true integrated weed management strategies must have a balance between chemical and non-chemical options that can be used judiciously in order to achieve a reasonable weed control. Sustainable weed management is an achievable goal provided that efforts are made to diversify the management. In this paper, we will review the most common conventional soybean weed management strategies from a sustainability perspective. Manuscript profile

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178 - Resistance to sugar beet root aphid, Pemphigus fuscicornis (Hem.: Aphididae), in nine sugar beet genotypes at laboratory conditions
Abdolamir Mohiseni Mehrdad Rahnamaeian Mahnaz Ghaedrahmati

Sugar beet Root aphid Pemphigus fuscicornis (Koch)(Hem.: Aphididae), is an important sugar beet pest (Beta vulgaris L.) in many countries. Recently, this pest has attacked sugar beet fields in Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran. In this research, resistance to s More

Sugar beet Root aphid Pemphigus fuscicornis (Koch)(Hem.: Aphididae), is an important sugar beet pest (Beta vulgaris L.) in many countries. Recently, this pest has attacked sugar beet fields in Borujerd, north of Lorestan province, Iran. In this research, resistance to sugar beet root aphid was evaluated in nine sugar beet genotypes, under laboratory conditions in a randomized complete design during 2001-2002. At first, sugar beet seeds were planted in a small plot, and were grown for about 50 days, and then plants were transplanted into a peat-vermiculite mix in pots. Five reproductive aphids were placed on the root mass before being transferred into the pot. The pots were transferred to an incubator (set at 20±2ºC and 16h artificial light and 8h dark). Forty days after infestation, the incubator temperature was suddenly decreased to 5ºC and then the aphids were counted.  Results showed that, variety of Simin1 was highly susceptible, BR1 Karaj was moderately susceptible and two varieties of Polyrave and Dez Elit were moderately resistant. Manuscript profile

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179 - Study on the fungicidal effects of WELGRO® Cu+Zn in controlling rice blast disease under field condition
Hadis Shahbazi Freydoun Padash dehkaei Faramarz Alinia Seyedeh Akram Mousavi Qaleh Roudkhani

Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara is considered the most damaging disease of native rice cultivars in the north of Iran, so its chemical management has a special priority. In this study, the efficacy of 0.5, 1, and 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® (34.5% Copp More

Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara is considered the most damaging disease of native rice cultivars in the north of Iran, so its chemical management has a special priority. In this study, the efficacy of 0.5, 1, and 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® (34.5% Copper and 37.3% Zinc) in controlling rice blast disease in comparison with 0.5 kg/ha of Tricyclazole (75% WP) were evaluated in field conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh and Rasht. For this purpose, Hashemi seedlings were transplanted at a distance of 20×20 cm in the 4×5 m plots. Treatments were applied at the first appearance of disease symptoms in the region for leaf blast and after heading for panicle blast. In the control treatments, water was sprayed. Leaf and panicle blast disease percentages were assessed seven days after the first spraying and one week before harvest, respectively. The results showed that the concentration of 2 kg/ha of WELGRO® compared to the control not only reduced leaf, node, neck, and panicle blast disease, 25.77, 24.22, 38.44, and 8.41% in Rasht and 58.70, 29.05, 43.11, and 43.15% in Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, respectively, but also its efficacy in controlling blast disease and its yield and yield components was very close to that of Ticyclazole. It should be noted that the results of the present study were obtained in a situation where the severity of the blast disease in the experimental field was not in an outbreak state. If the disease is in epidemic conditions, not only the use of 2 kg/ha WELGRO®, but also the 0.5 kg/ha tricyclazole is not efficient for blast disease control. If a rice blast epidemic is not predicted, the use of WELGRO® in rotation with other fungicides can control the disease, delay fungicide resistance, and also it can be used in organic rice production. Manuscript profile

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180 - Evaluation of resistance of different nectarine cultivars to causal agent of peach powdery mildew Podosphaera pannosa
کربلایی خیاوی karbalaei Seyed Yaghob Seyed Masoumi Adel Pirayesh Hossein Khabbaz Jolfaei

Peach powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) is one of the most economically destructive diseases of peach all over the world including Iran. In order to evaluate 11 genotypes of nectarines reaction against powdery mildew, an experiment was conducted in randomized complet More

Peach powdery mildew (Podosphaera pannosa) is one of the most economically destructive diseases of peach all over the world including Iran. In order to evaluate 11 genotypes of nectarines reaction against powdery mildew, an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2017-2018 in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station in Meshginshahr. The research was conducted in two conditions of natural infection and artificial inoculation. Cultivars included Independence, Stargold, Sangold, Sangold, Sanking, Giuta, Shabrang Karaj, Ghermeze Paeeze Karaj, Vega, Orion, Jiova and Veinberger. Evaluation of different cultivars of nectarine reaction to powdery mildew was conducted follow 0: Immune, 1: Very resistant 2: Resistant 3: Medium resistant 4: Sensitive and 5: Very sensitive. The results of two-year evaluation showed that there were significant differences between the degrees of resistance among the treatments. Comparison of means showed that the cultivar Veinberger in resistant and Stargold, Sangold, Sangold, Sanking, Giuta, Shabrang Karaj, Ghermeze Paeeze Karaj, Vega, Orion, and Jiova were in medium resistant cultivars. The results of the current study could be used in management of peach powdery mildew. Manuscript profile

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181 - Reaction of some almond cultivars to Almond spider mite, Schizotetranychus smirnovi in Saman region, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province, Iran
Zarir Saeidi

Reaction of some almond cultivars including Sefid, Mamaei, Rabie, Non pariel, Shahrood 6, Shahrood 7, Shahrood 13, Shahrood 21 and Shahrood 12 to almond spider mite. Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainst. Were evaluated in Saman region, during 2008-2009. In the first trial, More

Reaction of some almond cultivars including Sefid, Mamaei, Rabie, Non pariel, Shahrood 6, Shahrood 7, Shahrood 13, Shahrood 21 and Shahrood 12 to almond spider mite. Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainst. Were evaluated in Saman region, during 2008-2009. In the first trial, after grafting of cultivars on GF677 root stock, they were transferred to an orchard and were kept under  insect  net  to prevent natural infestation. Cultivars were infested artificially by introducing 5 adult female mites on each plant. Twenty one days after infestation, leaves were collected and mite population density (number of eggs, nymphs and adults) were counted. Results indicated that Sefid and Feraduel (Shahrood 12) cultivars supported the highest mite population; whereas, Shahrood21 and Shahrood 6 supported the lowest mite population. In the second trail, almond cultivars were evaluated under natural infestation during 2 sampling times (with 15 days interval). Mean comparison of the mite population density (eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults) showed that Mamaei cultivar (mean 63 and 206.2 mites in the first and second sampling times, respectively) supported the highest; whereas, Shahrood 21 (mean 6.2 and 22 mites) supported the lowest mite population density.  Study density of leaf trichomes and concentration of leaf total phenolic compounds showed that there was not significant positive relation between them and resistance to the mite. Manuscript profile

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182 - The effect of amino acid Methionine on β- 1,3 glucanase gene expression and activity of effective enzymes in induced resistance to citrus canker disease in lime
Vahideh Hasabi Hossein Askari Seyed Mehdi Alavi Masood Soltani Najafabadi Hamidreza Zamanizadeh

Citrus bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is one of the most important diseases of citrus in tropical and subtropical regions. Accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as β -1, 3 glucanase against plant pathogen attack, as plant d More

Citrus bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is one of the most important diseases of citrus in tropical and subtropical regions. Accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as β -1, 3 glucanase against plant pathogen attack, as plant defense mechanisms against plant pathogens is considered. To investigate the expression of PR-2 genes related β -1, 3 glucanase and the effective enzymes in induced resistance to citrus canker, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The amino acid methionine at a concentration of 25 mM and distilled water as control, were used for this study. After 48 hours post treatment, plants were inoculated with 5 ml of bacterial suspension (at a concentration of 108 colonies per ml) by syringe without needle and contained under greenhouse conditions. Based on phenotypic tests results, there were significant difference in the level of 0.05 between the amino acid methionine treated plants and control plants treated with sterile distilled water. The molecular test results indicated an increase in the expression of PR-2 at 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation. Based on the results of antioxidant enzymes activity study in stressed plants, plants treated with the amino acid methionine significantly increased the enzyme activity of peroxidase and phenylalanine, however, did not affect on catalase activity. Manuscript profile

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183 - Evaluatoin of the resistance of some citrus rootstocks to the citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, in Fars province, Iran
Kavous Ayazpour Abdolhosein Aboutalebi Majid Pakniyat

The citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, is widely distributed in the citrus orchards of Fars province, Iran. The nematode  causes slow decline and serious crop losses. Host resistance is the most effective method for controlling the disease. Seedlings of so More

The citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, is widely distributed in the citrus orchards of Fars province, Iran. The nematode  causes slow decline and serious crop losses. Host resistance is the most effective method for controlling the disease. Seedlings of some rootstocks including Minneola (C. paradise × C. reticulata), Citrus ourantium, C. lmettioides, C. aurantifolia var. Ahvazi (a natural hybrid), C. maxima, Fortunella margarita, C. medica,  C. medica var. Otroj, C. lemonia var. Lisbon, C. taivanica, C. volkameriana, C. lemonia var. Eureka, C. aurantifolia, C. grandis, C. lemonia var. Rough Lemon, C. macrophylla (Alemow), Poncirus trifoliata, Swingle Citromelo(C. paradise × P. trifoliata) were evaluated for their resistance to the citrus nematode. The seedlings were planted in the pots and citrus orchard. In case of pot experiments, the three months old rootstock seedlings were transplanted to the pots with 40 J2/g of soil. The roots of seedlings were scored for nematode infestation after six months. For orchard experiments, the five months old rootstock seedlings were transplanted to naturally infested soil in a citrus orchard with 25 J2/g of soil. The roots of these seedlings were evaluated for nematode infestation 4.5 and 15 months after transplanting. The susceptibility of rootstocks to citrus nematode was evaluated on the base of the number of penetrated females per gram of feeder roots. In both experiments P. trifoliata, Swingle citromelo and Citrus ourantium were resistant to citrus nematode, whereas the other rootstocks supported a high population of the nematode.  Manuscript profile

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184 - Screening bean genotypes ) Phaseolus vulgaris( for resistance to common bacterial blight disease in Markazi Province, Iran
Mohammad Reza Lak Hamid Reza Dorri

Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the major diseseas in bean fields leading to significant losses in yield and seed quality. Chemical control is ineffective, therefore, the use of resistant varieties becomes an More

Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the major diseseas in bean fields leading to significant losses in yield and seed quality. Chemical control is ineffective, therefore, the use of resistant varieties becomes an interesting alternative. The object of this experiment was to screen resistant bean genotypes to CBB. The experiment was conducted at Arak Station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Center of Markazi Province. Bean genotypes were planted in the field at 2 locations. In one locations Xap suspension with 107 cfu/ml was sprayed onto plants befor flowerhng stage. Disease scale was rated from 1 (Immune) to 5( susceptible). The experiment was carried out in agment design in 12 blocks with 234 bean genotypes with 3 checks including Khomein Local Chitti bean, Daneshkadeh white bean and Goli red bean. Evaluated traits in 3 bean checks had no significant difference that meaned the experiment accuracy was high. Fourty one bean genotypes with disease scale ≥ 3 was selected as resistant and semi resistant to CBB.  Manuscript profile

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185 - Investigation of antixenosis resistance of 33 potato cultivars to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Col.: Chrysomelidae)
Akbar Ghasemi Kahrizeh Ghadir Nourighanbalani Nouraddin Shayesteh Iraj Bernousi

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is a serious pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. worldwidely. One of the methods used for controlling of it is deployment of resistant cultivars. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the antixenosis r More

The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is a serious pest of potato, Solanum tuberosum L. worldwidely. One of the methods used for controlling of it is deployment of resistant cultivars. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the antixenosis resistance in 33 potato cultivars to this pest during 2007 - 2009. Research method in 2007 was similar to 2008 and was different from 2009. In a field choice test, the numbers of attracted beetles to the cultivars were determined as antixenosis index. Numbers of attracted beetles to the cultivars and numbers of egg masses on them were used as antixenosis indices during 2009. Cluster analysis of cultivars was performed with MINITAB15 statistical software using UPGMA procedure based on Euclidean distance. Combined analysis of variance of choice test data in 2007 and 2008 showed that with point of settled adult beetles on the studied cultivars, significant difference was observed between experimental years, blocks, times of counting, cultivars and reciprocal effect of cultivar × year          (P < 0.0001). Mean comparison showed that cultivars Bright, Delikat, Nicola, Sinja, Carlita and Cardinal in 2007 and Cardinal, Carlita, Sinja, Elles and Romina in 2008 had the highest antixenosis resistance with the least settled adult beetles on them. Cluster analysis showed that in two first years, cultivars Cardinal, Carlita, Sinja, Bright, Raja, Nicola, Romina, Santana, Elles, Fianna and Satina with the least attracted beetles were resistance group in antixenosis index. Also, cluster analysis based on the number of attracted beetles to the cultivars and number of egg masses on the cultivars showed that cultivars Bridjet, Baltica, Cardinal, Nicola, Raja, Bright, Delikat, Carlita, Provento, Cosima, Armada, Elles and Beluga were placed in one group and had the highest antixenosis effects compared to others cultivars in 2009. Mean comparison showed that cultivars Cardinal, Carlita and Bridjet had the highest antixenosis resistance with the least settled adult beetles on them in three experimental years. Manuscript profile

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186 - Challenges, Achievements and Prospects of Research on Broomrape (Orobanche spp.) in Iran and in the World
Seyed Hossein Torabi Mohammad Hasan Hadizadeh

In order to investigate the status of Iran's research on broomrape in comparison with the global research, information relating to the 1398 weed reports, published in Farsi during the last 40 years, and 1477 English articles (2004-2011) related to the world’s weed More

In order to investigate the status of Iran's research on broomrape in comparison with the global research, information relating to the 1398 weed reports, published in Farsi during the last 40 years, and 1477 English articles (2004-2011) related to the world’s weed research, was analyzed in a database. The proportion of parasitic plants, broomrape and dodder (Cuscuta spp.) articles, among with the total weed articles in Iran, were, six, four and two percent respectively and Striga sp was observed in only one article. World studies in the broomrape were about four percent of the total while the share of the broomrape was about 50% of total parasitic plant’s research. Results also revealed that 75% of the Iranian broomrape studies are sponsored by research centers who are affiliated to the Ministry of Jehad-Agriculture. The check cleared that the broomrape research share to total weed research in Iran and the world is declining, probably due to the increasing diversity of scientific disciplines in the field of weed science. However, globally the broomrape research growth is more than any other parasitic plant, where it should be for the specific properties of the parasite, its worldwide extension and its damaging potential compared with other parasitic plants. Studies in Iran gradually have been focused on identification, management and biological issues respectively while in the world, issues like biology and physiology studies of the parasites have been replaced by genomic studies, Strigolactones, induced host resistance, host-parasite interaction and studies of integrated management packages. Broomrape is one of the most important parasitic plants in Iran and the world, and its long history of research showed the fact that it still has not led to a comprehensive management solution. Despite the relatively long history of research on broomrape in Iran, these investigations are still young and not offer enough information about the weed species of broomrape in Iran. Evaluation of new management methods, in light of world's recent advances in molecular and genetic modification of crops, consistent with the framework conditions of the country, could be a wise strategy for future studies is this field. Manuscript profile

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187 - بن‌مایه‌های ادب پایداری در سروده‌های سلمان هراتی و عبدالوهاب البیاتی
معصومه صادقی طاهره چال‌دره

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188 - Effects of synthetic pyrethroids and neonicotinoids insecticides and synergists on population of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
A. Dini pour M. Oktay Gurkan

Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) known as the African Cotton Leaf worm or Egyptian Cotton Leaf worm is one of the most common pests of cotton in the region of Adena, Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a synthetic pyrethroid (Gamm More

Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) known as the African Cotton Leaf worm or Egyptian Cotton Leaf worm is one of the most common pests of cotton in the region of Adena, Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a synthetic pyrethroid (Gamma-cyhalothrin) and neonicotinoids (Imidacloprid) on the pest to find out the resistance inducing process during several generations. Induced resistance to gamma-cyhalothrin up to 12 generations and to Imidacloprid for 7 generations was studied by assessing the resistance ratio (RR) of LC50 and LC90 with confidence limit of %95. The resistance ratios (RR) for LC50 and LC90 of gamma-cyhalothrin were calculated 16.85 and 18.82 and for Imidacloprid were 9.76 and 8.68, respectively. In order to study the effect of synergists on the insecticides, three different synergists including S, S, S-tributilfosforotritioat (DEF), piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) were used and compared the Synergism Ratio (SR) with control. The highest SR for both insecticides belonged to application of DEM synergist. It is concluded that DEM could be recommended to be applied with Gamma-cyhalothrin and Imidacloprid to prevent or postpone the resistance induction into S. littoralis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

189 - Comparison of antibiosis resistance of 21 clones of Populus spp. to woolly poplar aphid
Z. Rafiei-Karahroodi E. Sadeghi Z. Azdoo G. Goodarzi

The woolly poplar aphid (Phloeomyzus passerinii Sign.) is one of the most important sucking pests of poplars in Iran and Markazi province. In this study, antibiosis resistances has been studied in twenty one clones belonging to two species include Populus alba L. and Po More

The woolly poplar aphid (Phloeomyzus passerinii Sign.) is one of the most important sucking pests of poplars in Iran and Markazi province. In this study, antibiosis resistances has been studied in twenty one clones belonging to two species include Populus alba L. and Populus nigra L. Tests were carried out in controlled condition of 60-70%RH, 25-30˚C and 16:8 L: D photoperiods. The length and diameter of poplar cuts were 20 and 1-1.5 centimeter, respectively. Following establishment of new born nymphes on the cuts, were allowed them to reach mature stage. After that, number of first nymphale instars deposited and nymphale mortality rate on each tested cut were recorded daily and along the lifecycle period. Antibiosis test showed P. alba, P. nigra betuli and P. nigra 63.135 observed without any aphid natality, and most rm was observed on P. nigra 56.52, P. nigra 72.14, P. nigra 72.18, P. nigra 47.40 and P. nigra 49.5 with 0.594, 0.580, 0.503, 0.474 and 0.441 and the  least rm was observed on P. nigra 56.75, P. nigra 72.5, P. nigra 72.4, P. nigra 56.21, P. nigra 56.53 and P. nigra 56.72 with 0.297, 0.279, 0.249, 0.216, 0.207 and 0.134, respectively, that showed antibiosis resistance of this clones to this aphid. All P.alba clones and P. nigra63.135 and P. nigra betuli were compeletely resistance to woolly poplar aphid and aphids had no natality on this clones.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

190 - The relationships between cotton infestation to Bemisia tabaci and leaf trichome densities
S. Sarbaz G. Moravvej M. Sirjani A. Heydarzade

The relationship between densities of leaf trichomes and number of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was investigated on six genotypes of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Mehr, Varamin, Sahel, Khordad, Okra and Red okra) genotypes and one genotype of More

The relationship between densities of leaf trichomes and number of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was investigated on six genotypes of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Mehr, Varamin, Sahel, Khordad, Okra and Red okra) genotypes and one genotype of sea island cotton, Gossypium barbadence (Termus 14) at Cotton Research Station Kashmar, east of Iran, during cropping season in 2009. The result indicated that Termus 14 supported the highest numbers of eggs, nymphs and adults, and also had the highest numbers of trichomes compared to other genotypes.While the genotypes Okra and Red okra with the least numbers of trichomes on leaf surface suppprted the least numbers of various stages of whitefly. Therefore, there was a significant and positive relationship between leaf trichome densities and whitefly population. It is concluded that the genotypes with glabrous leaves cotton may reduce the whitefly population on cotton. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

191 - Effect of different wheat cultivars on population of Rhyzopertha dominica (Col: Bostrychidae)
K. Eyidozehi S. Khormali S. Ravan A. Khani

Lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. is one the most important pests in Golestan province. One of the method to reduce the pest damage is using resistant cultivars. In this experiment the effect of eight cultivars and lines of wheat such as Kouhdasht, Zagros, Mor More

Lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. is one the most important pests in Golestan province. One of the method to reduce the pest damage is using resistant cultivars. In this experiment the effect of eight cultivars and lines of wheat such as Kouhdasht, Zagros, Morvarid, Darya, Pastor, Line 17 and N-80-19, on number of live and dead adults and populatioin growth rate of lesser grain borer was studied. One hundred gram of wheat was placed in a crystal container and 10 adults were put on each container and kept under stored condition. Sampling was done every each 7 to 10 days intervals. Data were analyzied using SAS program in split-plot in time design. Analysis of variance showed that number of a live adults and population growth rate in wheat cultivars were significantly different (p <0.01). But no significant differece in number of dead adults. Was observed mean comparison of traits in wheat cultivars showed that Zagros variety had the highest mean of live insects (31.25), dead insects(4.25) and growth rate (00.25) was the most sensitive cultivar. Among the studied cultivars, Morvarid have the lowest mean of live insects and low population growth rate (0.01) Therefor it is the most resistant cultivar among the cultivars tested in this experiant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

192 - Influence of seven white bean genotypes on biological parameters of two spotted-spider mite under laboratory conditions and evaluation of plant damage in greenhouse conditions
S. Mohammadi Z. Saeidi A. A. Seraj A. R. Nemati E. Babaian

Two spotted-spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important pests of bean. Biology of TSSM on white bean genotypes (Dehghan, Sadaf, Daneshkadeh, G-11867, Jules, Goynok98, Kara Casehiro) were studied using leaf disk bioa More

Two spotted-spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important pests of bean. Biology of TSSM on white bean genotypes (Dehghan, Sadaf, Daneshkadeh, G-11867, Jules, Goynok98, Kara Casehiro) were studied using leaf disk bioassay   under laboratory conditions (Tempt.: 25±1°C, RH: 50±5%, L:D= 12:12 hours). Moreover, some of the reproductive characteristics of TSSM (egg number, immature and mature numbers) were     evaluated in greenhouse conditions by releasing five adult female mites on two leaf stage plant and estimating mite population after two weeks. The parameters mx, rm  andT of Two spotted-spider mite on seven white bean genotypes were calculated and considered their associations with                 resistance and sensibility of hosts. Results indicated that Dehghan and Sadaf genotypes with lower damage (respectively, 3.40±0.24 and 2.00±0.20 damage score of 6) were resistant genotypes and Daneshkadeh, Goynok98, Kara Casehiro, G-11867 and Jules genotypes with higher damage (respectively, 4.00±0.00, 4.00±0.00, 4.20±0.00, 4.00±0.00 and 5.00±0.00 damage score) showed          levels of sensibility to two spotted-spider mite. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

193 - Comparison of susceptibility levels of poplar spieces and clones to Chaitophorus populi (Panzer) (Hem., Pemphigidae), Pemphigus spirothecae Passerini (Hem., Aphidoidea) and Camarotoscena sp. (Hem., Psyllidae)
M. Nikdel A. A. Dordaei1

Ghorigul nursery located in East Azarbaijan province, Iran, is one of the most important nurseries for poplar seedling production. Three species of poplar trees including Populus alba, P. nigra and      P. x. euramericana are planted in this nur More

Ghorigul nursery located in East Azarbaijan province, Iran, is one of the most important nurseries for poplar seedling production. Three species of poplar trees including Populus alba, P. nigra and      P. x. euramericana are planted in this nursery. Chaitophorus populi L., Pemphigus spirothecae Pass. and Camarotoscena sp. are among the important poplar pests of above mentioned poplars and cause direct and indirect damage to these trees. This study carried out based on evaluation of pest density on 15 poplar clones of Populus alba, P. nigra and P. x. euramericana in natural condition during 2006. In addition, antixenosic resistance of the mentioned clones for C. populi were investigated in laboratory during 2007. Field survey results indicated that only four clones were infested to P. spirothecae that among them P. nigra miandoab was the most susceptibile and most resistant and not infected clones were belonging to P. alba species. P. alba bostanabad, P. alba marand, P. alba mianeh and                  P. alba miandoab were susceptible toC. populi, respectively. Eight clones belonging to the species     P. x. euramericana and P. nigra, were identified as completely resistant to C. populi. Laboratory survey on antixenosis resistance of poplar clones against Ch. populi revealed that the clones of P. nigra miandoab, P. alba miandoab, P. nigra maragheh, P. alba marand and P. alba mianeh were susceptible to the pest. Therefore, the results obtained from the laboratory were nearly similar to field investigation. In the study of susceptibility to Camarotoscena sp., all clones of P. nigra with the exception of Turkish clones were susceptible but clones belong to P. alba and P. x. euramericana showed the highest resistance to the pest. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

194 - Investigation on resistance of 48 rapeseed Brassica napus L. genotypes to cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L.
A. Mohiseni A. Torkamani Pirmishani

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), has been remained one of the most important pests of horticultural and oil-seed Brassica crops, despite all attempts to control its infestation. This research was conducted to evaluate the resistance of 48 rapeseed (Brassic More

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), has been remained one of the most important pests of horticultural and oil-seed Brassica crops, despite all attempts to control its infestation. This research was conducted to evaluate the resistance of 48 rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) genotypes to cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) at Borujerd agricultural research station, Iran. during 2001-2003. In the first year, out of 48 genotrypes 8 showed a moderately resistance in comparison to rest. In the second year these 8 geotypes and a susceptible one (VDH8003/98) were evaluated in the field and laboratory condition. In the field condition, two similar but separated trials (treatment with insecticide and no treatment) were done in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed that the most and the least infestation index and rm (intrinsic rate of natural increase) belonged to VDH 8003/98 and PF7045/91 respectively. Based on the field and laboratory investigations, among 48 genotypes, the most susceptible was VDH 8003/98 and the most resistant one was PF7045/91 and the other varieties were placed between these two. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

195 - Evaluation of the biological indices of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, on tomato plants treated with calcium and silicon nutrition in greenhouse conditions
A. Ghassemi-Kahrizeh S. Khanchahzar

Excessive use of chemical pesticides in recent decades has caused problems in relation to the environment, human health, non-target organisms, water pollution and increased resistance of insects. Therefore, various strategies can be used, such as the use of nutrition fo More

Excessive use of chemical pesticides in recent decades has caused problems in relation to the environment, human health, non-target organisms, water pollution and increased resistance of insects. Therefore, various strategies can be used, such as the use of nutrition for resistance to pests. In this research, the biological indices of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Ghelechiidae), was investigated on tomato plants (Falat cultivar) treated with nutrients calcium, silicon and mixture of calcium+silicon in greenhouse conditions. Significant differences were observed between treatments for all studied traits except pre-pupal period (P˂0.05). Means comparison revealed that the lowest density of larvae, pupae and adults was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon with means values of 17.00±0.41, 16.00±0.41 and 11.50±0.29 number per plant, respectively while the greatest density of larvae, pupae and adults was observed on control with means values of 21.00±0.41, 20.25±0.48 and 20.00±0.92 number per plant, respectively. The lowest and greatest larvae periods was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon and control with means values of 13.25±0.29 and 21.00±0.58 days, respectively, also, the lowest and greatest pupae periods was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon and control with means values of 9.75±0.48 and 12.75±0.63 days, respectively. The lowest and greatest longevity of adults was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon and control with means values of 19.00±0.91 and 38.00±0.82 days, respectively. The lowest larvae and pupae weights was observed on mixture treatment calcium+silicon with means values of 8.00±0.58 and 6.50±0.64 mg, respectively. The greatest larvae and pupae weights was observed on control with means values of 23.25±0.85 and 22.00±0.82 mg, respectively. The results showed that calcium and silicon foliar application can be caused biological control of tomato leaf miner and can be reduced its injury. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

196 - Investigation on resistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes to two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch in laboratory and greenhouse condition
Z. Saeidi

Resistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes including: ‘Sefid’, ‘Mamaei’, ‘Rabie’, ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Azar’, ‘Non pariel’, ‘Shahrood 6’, ‘Shahrood 7, ‘Shahrood 12’, &l More

Resistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes including: ‘Sefid’, ‘Mamaei’, ‘Rabie’, ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Azar’, ‘Non pariel’, ‘Shahrood 6’, ‘Shahrood 7, ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Shahrood 13’ and ‘Shahrood 21’ were studied to two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), TetranychusurticaeKoch. All cultivars/genotypes were grafted on ‘Gf677’ rootstock in 4 replications. Study was done in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Leaf discs (2.5×1.2 cm) were prepared from leaves and placed on wet cotton in a plastic petri dish and infested with 5 adult female mites (3-5 days in age). Leaf discs were kept in an incubator at 25±1 0C, RH= 55 ±5% and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D). After 72 h, mite oviposition and mortality were measured. Based on the results, the highest and lowest oviposition were observed on ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Shahrood 21’ cultivars. The highest mite mortality was observed on ‘Shahrood 13’. Biological characteristics study of TSSM on different cultivars in the laboratory showed that cultivars significantly affected survival, immature period, mature period and mite oviposition. The highest survival percentage was recorded on ‘Azar’ (88%) and the lowest on ‘Shokoofe’ (47%) and ‘Shahrood 21’ (50%). The longest (5.27 days) immature period was observed on ‘shahrood 21’. The shortest mature period was observed on ‘Shahrood 21’ (5.15 days) and ‘Shokoofe’ (5.2 days); whereas, the longest (10.45 days) was observed on ‘Mamaei’. The highest ovipositional rate (57.6 eggs/female) was observed on ‘Mamaei’; whereas, the lowest was recorded on ‘Shokoofe’ (15.1eggs/female) and ‘Shahrood 21’ (31eggs/female). Greenhouse study showed that the highest density of mite population was supported on ‘Non pareil’ and ‘Shahrood 6’ cultivars while the lowest one was reared on ‘Shokofeh’ and ‘Shahrood 21’. Results indicated that ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Shahrood 21’ and ‘Shahrood 13’ variety/genotypes were the most resistant, whereas, ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Non pariel’ were the most susceptible varieties to two-spotted spider mite. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

197 - An overview of fish pathogenic bacteria and the effect of medicinal plants against
mehdi jahane Reza Rouhani maryam bigomi zahra bigomi Fatima Farzaneh saeide saeidi

10.30495/qafj.2022.1964290.1033

Abstract:Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture has caused the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial strains and reduced the effectiveness of drugs, in addition, it has caused the accumulation of antibiotics in the body of fish More

Abstract:Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture has caused the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial strains and reduced the effectiveness of drugs, in addition, it has caused the accumulation of antibiotics in the body of fish and fish consumers. Therefore, it seems necessary to replace less harmful substances, including plant products. The aim of this study is to review fish pathogenic bacteria and the effect of medicinal plants on them.Materials and methods:In this study, valid scientific articles indexed in ISI, SID, PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science databases were examined using Persian keywords drug resistance, fish pathogenic bacteria, medicinal plants.Results:A review of the studies shows that medicinal plants and their compounds are able to destroy fish pathogenic bacteria and infections caused by them in different concentrations.Discussion:According to the obtained results, medicinal plants can be suggested for the treatment of infections caused by fish pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

198 - Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cream sweets in Isfahan city and antibiotic resistance of the isolates
Ebrahim Rahimi Najmeh Vahed dehkordi mohammad amin heidarzadi

10.30495/qafj.2023.1976591.1050

Escherichia coli and Salmonella are gram-negative bacteria and are indicators of faecal contamination in food, and the presence of each of them in processed foods indicates lack of hygiene, and Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-negative bacteria. It is positive that it ha More

Escherichia coli and Salmonella are gram-negative bacteria and are indicators of faecal contamination in food, and the presence of each of them in processed foods indicates lack of hygiene, and Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-negative bacteria. It is positive that it has the highest level of poisoning. The aim of the present study is to investigate the contamination with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cream sweets sold in Isfahan city and the antibiotic resistance of the obtained isolates. In this study, 120 cream sweets from the supply centers of this product in different parts of Isfahan city were randomly sampled and transferred to the specialized food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University, next to the ice flask, in order to avoid secondary contamination. The standard method was used to search for microorganisms. The collected data was used in SPSS version 26 statistical software and chi-square test was used for data analysis. The results showed that Escherichia coli and Salmonella contamination was negative in all samples, but Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed in 4 cases of cream sweets. The samples were the most sensitive to tetracycline, streptomycin and amikacin and the most resistant to penicillin and ampicillin. In this survey, it was determined that a high percentage of the cream sweets offered in Isfahan city are in compliance with the existing standards in the society in terms of contamination and health quality to some extent, but in order to improve the health of the society, Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

199 - Investigating the Antimicrobial Activity of Peperin Isolated from Black Pepper on Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from the Throat and Nose
Saeide Saeidi Mehdi Jahantigh Razvane Behzad Mehr Zahra Beigomi

10.30495/qafj.2022.694996

Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, researchers are looking for antimicrobial agents of plant origin as alternative drugs. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of peperin isolated from black pepper More

Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, researchers are looking for antimicrobial agents of plant origin as alternative drugs. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of peperin isolated from black pepper on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nose and throat. Sampling was done from the pharynx and nose of the patients and 9 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and purified. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MBC) in six concentrations were evaluated by dilution method in liquid medium on the determined bacteria. The results of this study showed that the lowest inhibitory concentration was equal to 8 μg/ml, which inhibited one strain, while the highest concentration was 512 μg/mg, which inhibited one strain. Staphylococcus aureus isolated the most It was resistant to trimethoprim (88.8%), ampicillin (77.7%), tetracycline (77.7%), erythromycin (66.6%) and ceftazidime (22.2%). The results of this study showed that piperine present in black pepper has a very strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from the nose and throat. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

200 - Effect of applied current density on microhardness and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Co-P-ZrO2-CeO2 nanocomposite coatings
Fatemeh Borzooei Sirus Javadpour Alireza Jahanbin Hamed Aghili mehdi nasrollahi nezhad fard

Cobalt coatings are considered a suitable alternative to chromium coatings due to their desirable properties and environmental compatibility. In this study, by adding phosphorus as an alloying element and reinforcing nanoparticles of ZrO2 and CeO2 to the cobalt coating More

Cobalt coatings are considered a suitable alternative to chromium coatings due to their desirable properties and environmental compatibility. In this study, by adding phosphorus as an alloying element and reinforcing nanoparticles of ZrO2 and CeO2 to the cobalt coating matrix, amorphous Co-P-ZrO2-CeO2 and Co-P coatings were produced on a ST37 steel substrate using electrochemical deposition. The effect of current density on the morphology of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the weight percentages of elements present in the coatings were analyzed using EDS analysis. Microhardness and corrosion resistance were also examined. The addition of reinforcing nanoparticles to the cobalt-phosphorus alloy matrix increased the hardness of the nanocomposite coatings. It should be noted that increasing the current density up to an optimal level increases the hardness, and then decreases it. The results of the Tafel and EIS analyses on the nanocomposite coatings indicate an increase in corrosion resistance with an enhancement in current density up to 100 mA/cm2 for both alloy and nanocomposite samples, which is due to an increase in the weight percentage of phosphorus and the formation of a surface protective layer. In addition, the presence of reinforcing nanoparticles in the matrix prevents corrosive medium from reaching the coating surface, improving its corrosion resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

201 - Role of Contemporary Iran and Palestine Poetesses In the Persistence and Resistance Literature
Mohammad Arjestani Ashraf Chegini Alireza Gojezadeh

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of contemporary Iranian and Palestinian poetesses in the persistence and resistance literature. The research universe included all the works of contemporary Iranian and Palestinian poetesses. The research sample subsumed More

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of contemporary Iranian and Palestinian poetesses in the persistence and resistance literature. The research universe included all the works of contemporary Iranian and Palestinian poetesses. The research sample subsumed the persistence and resistance literature of poetesses. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The data was obtained through library method and taking notes on index cards and based on pieces of poems by poetesses of Iran and Palestine. The issue of resistance and persistence was investigated and analyzed with themes such as struggle, patriotism, resistance and persistence, hostility toward enemy, martyr and martyrdom, etc. Findings showed that: the poetesses, by being influenced by the society circumstances and the consequences of political, social, cultural, etc. themes in their poems, had been able to obtain new experiences and achievements. And the result was the influential presence of contemporary poetesses, alongside with men combatants in the stronghold of poem and poetry in the field of resistance and persistence. Some elements of resistance and persistence in the poetry of Iranian and Palestinian women showed that they were able to play a wide and important role in their society through literature and poetry, and through it, to address the important issues of their country. The poems of Iranian and Palestinian female poets were considered as emotional and roaring themes of resistance and stability. The poets of both countries have considered their homeland dear and have also expressed their religious manifestations in their love for their homeland. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

202 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی اثر آرایش و تراکم پوشش گیاهی بر ضریب مقاومت جریان
سمیرا سلمان زاده منوچهر فتحی مقدم جواد احدیان سید محسن ساجدی

این مقاله با در نظر گرفتن شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان رودخانه و شرایط مورفولوژیکی پوشش گیاهی در حاشیه و سیلابدشت رودخانه انجام شده است. نیروی هیدرودینامیکی درگ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و با استفاده از یک نیروسنج در حضور پوشش گیاهی انعطافپذیر به صورت مستقیم اندازه&sh More

این مقاله با در نظر گرفتن شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان رودخانه و شرایط مورفولوژیکی پوشش گیاهی در حاشیه و سیلابدشت رودخانه انجام شده است. نیروی هیدرودینامیکی درگ در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و با استفاده از یک نیروسنج در حضور پوشش گیاهی انعطافپذیر به صورت مستقیم اندازهگیری شد. براین اساس تمامی آزمایشها در فلومی تحت عنوان " فلوم لبه چاقویی" با طول 3/8 متر، عرض 8/0 متر و ارتفاع 55/0 متر انجام شد. نمونه پوشش گیاهی انعطافپذیر به صورت غیرمستغرق با 3 تراکم 30، 50 و 100 درصد با آرایش زیگزاگی در سه عمق نسبی آب 6/0، 8/0 و 1  مورد آزمون واقع شد. در این مطالعه تراکم پوشش گیاهی با افزایش فاصله و سطح برگ گیاهان تغییر کرد. نتایج نشان داد نیروی درگ به میزان قابل توجهی به آرایش و تراکم پوشش گیاهی به عنوان یکی از ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی قابل اندازهگیری گیاه بستگی دارد. نتایج مربوطه میتواند به عنوان معیار مفید در تخمین مقاومت ناشی از وجود زبریهای گیاهی در رودخانه باشد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

203 - ارزیابی عملکرد زهکش های زیرزمینی در دو نوع فیلتر مصنوعی PP450 و فیلتر طبیعی در مزارع نیشکر: مطالعه موردی کشت و صنعت سلمان فارسی
خسرو غربالی علی عصاره مهدی اسدی لور

پوشش های شن و ماسه قسمت زیادی از هزینه اجرایی یک طرح را به خود اختصاص می دهند. هدف ازاجرای این تحقیق ارزیابی عملکرد پوشش های مختلف جهت فیلتراسیون زهکش های زیرزمینی و کاهش هزینه در مزارع نیشکرمی باشد. آزمایشات مورد نظر درمزرعه آزمایشی در کشت و صنعت سلمان فارسی انجام شد. More

پوشش های شن و ماسه قسمت زیادی از هزینه اجرایی یک طرح را به خود اختصاص می دهند. هدف ازاجرای این تحقیق ارزیابی عملکرد پوشش های مختلف جهت فیلتراسیون زهکش های زیرزمینی و کاهش هزینه در مزارع نیشکرمی باشد. آزمایشات مورد نظر درمزرعه آزمایشی در کشت و صنعت سلمان فارسی انجام شد. زهکش زیرزمینی مربوط به هر قطعه آزمایشی به طول 120 متر،  قطر 100 میلیمتر و فاصله 30 متر از یکدیگر نصب شدند. آزمایش های مورد نظر در 3 تیمار و 3 تکرار جمعا در 9 قطعه انجام شد. در هر تیمار 3 رشته زهکش زیرزمینی نصب گردید و زهکش میانی به عنوان زهکش آزمایشی مورد اندازه گیری واقع گردید. تیمار های زهکشی زیرزمینی عبارت بودند از: تیمارC: لوله های زهکش با پوشش از نوع سنتتیک PP450 ، تیمارD: لوله های زهکش با پوشش از نوع شن و ماسه و  تیمارE: لوله های زهکش بدون پوشش. در هر قطعه آزمایشی، 2 ردیف چاهک مشاهده ای در فاصله صفر، 4/.، 5/1، 15، 30 و 45 متری از زهکش مرکزی قرار گرفت. عمق آبیاری در هر نوبت 25سانتیمتر در نظر گرفته شد. در طول مدت آزمایش 14 بار آبیاری با عمق معادل 5/3 متر صورت گرفت. لازم به ذکر است زمین در مزارع آزمایشی بصورت نکاشت آبیاری شد. به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد پوشش های به کار رفته جهت فیلتراسیون زهکش های زیرزمینی از شاخص های راندمان تخلیه لترال(H)، مقاومت در برابر ورود جریان(re) و ثابت تجمعی مقاومت ورود جریان به لترال زیرزمینی(eα) استفاده شد. برآورد هزینه تمام شده فیلتر مصنوعی و فیلتر طبیعی بر اساس فهرست بهای آبیاری و زهکشی سال 94 و تعدیل متعلقه انجام شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد فیلتر مصنوعی PP450 و فیلتر طبیعی شن و ماسه در کلیه پارامترهای مربوط به کیفیت زهکشی، نظیر راندمان تخلیه زهکشی، مقاومت در برابر ورود جریان و نیز ثابت تجمعی مقاومت نتایج خوب و قابل قبولی از خود نشان داده اند، درصورتیکه زهکش بدون فیلتر در هیچکدام یک از پارامترهای مورد نظر خوب نبوده و فاقد نتایج قابل قبول می باشد.  همچنین نتایج تحقیق نشان داد فیلتر مصنوعی نسبت به فیلتر طبیعی به میزان 25 درصد کاهش هزینه داشته است؛ همچنین درآمد حاصله ناشی از کاهش میزان شوری ناشی از کاربرد فیلتر مصنوعی نسبت به فیلترطبیعی به میزان 17 درصد  افزایش داشته است. به عبارتی در مجموع استفاده از فیلتر مصنوعی PP450 نسبت به فیلتر طبیعی شن و ماسه 42درصد در آمد بیشتری حاصل می نماید. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

204 - Analysis of Human Resources Productivity in the Industrial Sector According to the Resistive Economy Approach
Habibullah Jalili Rahele Jamshid Loo Alborz Hajikhani

The industrial sector is a complex and the most vital pillar of the economy in the world. In fact, in this century, economic activity is formed whereby the continuity of the subprime industry is hardly possible. On the other hand, human resource is considered a major as More

The industrial sector is a complex and the most vital pillar of the economy in the world. In fact, in this century, economic activity is formed whereby the continuity of the subprime industry is hardly possible. On the other hand, human resource is considered a major asset and unmatched success and survival of organizations is really depends on it. So, the productivity of human resources is the most important factor which is the ultimate goal of most organizations. Productivity and efficiency require an understanding of the components and analyze the changes in the process of development with regard to the third paragraph of the general policies of Resistive Economy indicating the supply a significant share of economic growth from improving productivity, as well as the undeniable productivity targets of the sixth program of the development and the comprehensive program of delivering productivity. The purpose of this article is to assess of labor productivity at the industrial sector and its relationship with economic component of resistance. Research methodology is a descriptive survey in terms of the purpose and terms of the nature of data collection. The statistical method used in this study is Friedman test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The population included 563 employees of the industrial towns of Sanandaj counting a sample of 170 people. Data analysis was performed with the help of software. The findings suggest that there is no significant relationship at the industrial sector among the components of consumption pattern reform, innovation and development, and supporting Jihadi activities with labor productivity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

205 - The Effect of Mindfulness Training on the Psychological Resilience and Positive and Negative Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Female Applicants for Divorce
Danial Soleymani Elham Falahmanesh Shima Ershadi Chahardeh

Present research aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on the psychological resilience and positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in female applicants for divorce. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pretest, posttest an More

Present research aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on the psychological resilience and positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in female applicants for divorce. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with control group. The research population was female applicants for divorce in Tehran city in 2019 year. The research sample was 30 people who after reviewing the criteria for entering study were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced into two experimental and control groups groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 70 minutes mindfulness training and the control group placed on the waiting list for training. The research tools were the questionnaires of psychological resilience (Conner and Davidson, 2003) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (Garnefski and et all, 2001) and data were analyzed by repeated measures method in the SPS version 22 software. The findings showed that mindfulness training led to increase psychological resilience and positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and decrease negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in female applicants for divorce and the training results were maintained in the two months follow-up stage (p < 0/05). Regarded to the effectiveness of mindfulness training on psychological resilience and positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, planning can be effective to its use by therapists and health professionals to improve health-related traits. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

206 - A comparative study of symbolic status "and Rngvarh color" in the Literature of Resistance "Sample lyrics Shahriar and Mohammad Reza Kurdistani" eshghi "
Hamid reza ghanooni Parvin Gholamhoseini

Symbol is a figure of speech. The specific features of the symbol of ambiguity, uncertainty, and it is non-annotated and indirect, symbolism and socialization is the main characteristic of the poetry of resistance. The most important topics are reflected in his works id More

Symbol is a figure of speech. The specific features of the symbol of ambiguity, uncertainty, and it is non-annotated and indirect, symbolism and socialization is the main characteristic of the poetry of resistance. The most important topics are reflected in his works ideas of freedom and law-abiding, fight tyranny, patriotism, waking people up and energizing nationalist sentiment and the homeland, promoting individual liberties and social criticism of turmoil and educate people about their rights, and political reforms through fundamental change was awake.Today, color is the most important element in the development of creative work and productivity. One important element is the element of color imagery, one of the important elements of symbolic language and symbolic expression of the resistance poets. Therefore, this research seeks to compare and compare the colors and colors in the poems of Shahriar and Seyed Mohammad Reza Kordestani. Key words: Literature resistance, color, icon, Shahriar, Seyed Mohammad Reza Kurdistani Manuscript profile

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207 - Themes and concepts of protest in the poetry of resistance poets (with an emphasis on the poems of Qazvah)
nahid hemati

10.30495/farsij.2022.1966605.1655

The literature of sustainability is a collection of literary works whose main foundation is the resistance of the people of a country in the way of protecting the homeland and persistence against oppression and the critical and protest literature is a cry from the heart More

The literature of sustainability is a collection of literary works whose main foundation is the resistance of the people of a country in the way of protecting the homeland and persistence against oppression and the critical and protest literature is a cry from the heart of committed poets who criticize the shortcomings and anomalies and injustices in the society With the cry of freedom and perseverance, they bring down the whip of words on the oppressors and their goal is to create a spirit of stability in the people, and they put literary words in the service of human excellence, anti-tyranny, seeking justice and the stability of the Iranian nation in the eight years of holy defense was able to open new horizons in various fields, including poetry and literature and the poets of stable literature with a sense of religion and commitment to the people; They created the opportunity to create valuable critical works for themselves With various topics and concepts such as Ashura and mystical themes, description of freedom, martyrdom, patriotism, and most importantly protest themes (objection to luxury and worldliness, wave of protest arose in the poetry of poets of the resistance, especially Qazveh In this article, the protest and critical poems of these poets are investigated in an analytical and descriptive way which has resulted in Qazvah being the leader in this field with the aim of correcting anomalies and injustices and trying to explain and educate the people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

208 - Take a Look at the Origins of Mokawamah Literature (Case study of mokawamah poetry in Islam)
Hadi Rezwan

Literature in the second half of the twentieth century and particularly after the 1967 war between Arabs and Israel were common. Poets like Mahmoud Darwish, Smyh Alqasm and others were famous poets of the term entered the world of Islam. Ode Mymyah Zuhair bin Abi Salma More

Literature in the second half of the twentieth century and particularly after the 1967 war between Arabs and Israel were common. Poets like Mahmoud Darwish, Smyh Alqasm and others were famous poets of the term entered the world of Islam. Ode Mymyah Zuhair bin Abi Salma Venice outstanding example of his literary legacy of the Arabs are. But in light of the teachings of Islam and life in the light of Quran and Prophets guidance Alshan enormous literature among the Muslims took a different hue.is considered. In this article the author tries Islam for different angles of poetry and research will be reviewed. Manuscript profile

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209 - Effects of contextual variables affecting change on resistance to change through variables of openness to change and readiness for change
Abbas Ghaedamini Harouni reza Ebrahimzadeh Dastjerdi Marzieh Yousefi Mehrdad Sadeghi de cheshmeh

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of contextual variables affecting change on resistance to change through the variables of openness to change and readiness for change. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modelin More

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of contextual variables affecting change on resistance to change through the variables of openness to change and readiness for change. The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study is all 26 universities in Isfahan province with 1872 staff members, of which the number is limited by using the population sampling formula and by stratified sampling method with a volume of 812 people. The title of statistical sample was selected. In order to collect research data, the researcher uses questionnaires of contextual variables affecting change, Wenberg and Banas (2002), Readiness for Change Questionnaire, Holt Arminakis et al. (2007), Openness Questionnaire for Change, Miller et al. (2009), Questionnaire Resistance to change, Dunham (1989) was used. In order to evaluate the reliability of the research instrument, Cronbach's alpha was used. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaires of contextual variables affecting change (0.957), openness to change (0.841), readiness for change (0.908), resistance It was estimated against change (0.869). The results showed that among the contextual variables, the variables of information for change, participation for change and personal impact with coefficients of -0.05, -0.06 and -0.02 directly have a significant direct positive effect. It does not affect resistance to change, but the variables of self-efficacy and managerial support with impact coefficients of -0.1 and -0.13 have a direct impact on resistance to change. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

210 - Identify and prioritize barriers to effective e-relief Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Fars Province
ali shir taheri shokoufeh zare peyman pirooz

This study was carried out by identifying and prioritizing the effective barriers in creating electronic relief in Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Fars province. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and based on the nature and descriptive method o More

This study was carried out by identifying and prioritizing the effective barriers in creating electronic relief in Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Fars province. This research is an applied research in terms of purpose, and based on the nature and descriptive method of non-experimental type. The study population consists of 20 experts and experts of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The main questionnaire used is an expert questionnaire that is used to prioritize elements based on pairwise comparison. This study is based on operations research techniques. Research literature has been used to identify the most important study criteria. Multi-criteria decision making models and AHP model have been used to prioritize the criteria of the present study. Based on the obtained special vector, the criterion of non-support of managers with a normal weight of 0.299 has the highest priority. The criterion of inadequate internet with a normal weight of 0.230 is in the second priority. The criterion of opacity of the work routine with a normal weight of 0.199 is in the third priority. The criterion of resistance of employees with a normal weight of 0.172 is in the fourth priority. The criterion of hardware problems with a normal weight of 0.101 is in the fifth priority. At the end, practical and research suggestions are presented.Keywords: lack of managerial support, inadequate internet, lack of transparency in workflow, employee resistance, hardware problems Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

211 - Title: Identifying strategies to overcome the barriers and challenges of women entrepreneurship with the approach of resistance economics
soheila zarinjoi alvar لیلا آندرواژ

Background and purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify strategies to remove barriers to women's entrepreneurship in the resistance economy.Methodology: The current research is qualitative in terms of practical purpose and exploratory method, which was imple More

Background and purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify strategies to remove barriers to women's entrepreneurship in the resistance economy.Methodology: The current research is qualitative in terms of practical purpose and exploratory method, which was implemented in the statistical community of entrepreneurship experts and professionals using the ground theory method. The data collection tool is an in-depth and semi-structured interview. After conducting 15 in-depth interviews through purposive sampling and collecting opinions Entrepreneurial experts reached theoretical saturation and the data were analyzed using selective and theoretical coding.Findings: The findings showed that gender, dual role, social, cultural, educational and economic factors are obstacles to women's entrepreneurship, and strategies to remove obstacles include planning and policy making for development, women's entrepreneurship, improving the entrepreneurship education system, improving It is the infrastructure for the development of entrepreneurship and the development of cultural-social norms, which causes the development of employment, the increase of welfare in the society and the economic and social development of the society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

212 - 1. The intensity order of resistance training (Low to high vs. high to low) does not have effect on obestatin and ghrelin changes in obese women
Kamal Azizbeigi Niusha Hasani

10.30495/pah.2023.1986600.1041

Aim: Exercise training (ET) may affect appetite-regulating factors. The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of order of resistance training (RT) on ghrelin and obstatin hormones changes in obese women. Methods: For this purpose, 30 obese female subjec More

Aim: Exercise training (ET) may affect appetite-regulating factors. The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of order of resistance training (RT) on ghrelin and obstatin hormones changes in obese women. Methods: For this purpose, 30 obese female subjects voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to three resistance training: pyramid (Low to high; n=10), Oxford (high to low; n=10) and control (n=10).RT was performed in three non-consecutive sessions per week for eight weeks.Before starting the exercise training program, and 72 hours after the last training session, blood sampling was gathered and the ghrelin and obstatin hormones concentration in plasma were measured. Also, changes in body fat percentage (BF %) were measured by skinfold test. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between pyramid and Oxford RT in the ghrelin and obstatin in the interaction between the effect of time (exercise) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Finally, it can be said that intensity order of resistance training as form pyramid and Oxford is not effective on appetite regulating hormones. This issue can be used in the designing of resistance exercise program and weight control. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

213 - The effect of resistance training with blood flow restriction and creatine supplements on serum concentrations of myostatin and growth hormone in male bodybuilders
Shahin Riyahi Malayeri Omid Soleimani Ghaleh Motahare Ghane Ali Shariat Hamed Oghbaee Maryam Takhti

10.30495/pah.2022.698099

Aim:  The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with blood flow restriction and creatine consumption on the serum levels of myostatin and growth hormone in male bodybuilders. Methods:  36 male bodybuilders with an averag More

Aim:  The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of resistance training with blood flow restriction and creatine consumption on the serum levels of myostatin and growth hormone in male bodybuilders. Methods:  36 male bodybuilders with an average age of 22.63 years were divided into three equal groups of 12 people, which included the resistance training group with blood flow restriction and creatine supplementation, the resistance training group with blood flow restriction and placebo, and the creatine consumption group. The exercise program was performed for 8 weeks and 3 sessions of 80 minutes each week, in a stationary and circular manner. The training intensity was 30-40% of a maximum repetition in each training session. Creatine supplement was also taken for eight weeks, every five days and daily in the amount of 20 grams. Growth hormone, muscle strength and volume were evaluated before and after training.  Results:   The results showed that the serum concentration of growth hormone, muscle strength and volume increased significantly after eight weeks of blood flow restriction training and creatine consumption (P=0.003). while the serum concentration of myostatin had a significant decrease (P=0.002). Conclusion:   It seems that low-intensity training under conditions of blood flow restriction and creatine consumption can lead to increase of strength and muscle hypertrophy, and in addition, increase the serum concentration of growth hormone and decrease myostatin. Therefore, it is recommended that athletes use the same protocol in their training to improve strength and increase muscle hypertrophy.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

214 - The Effect of Isotonic Resistance Training on selected Immune System Markers in Female Athlete University Students
sepide mohamad khan beigi hadis bayat Mandana Gholami hojatollah nikbakht

10.30495/pah.2022.698801

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of the effect of isotonic resistance training on selected immune system markers in female athlete college students. To perform this study, 20 healthy female volunteer athletes (table tennis player) (Age: 22/3±2), (Body More

The purpose of this study was to evaluation of the effect of isotonic resistance training on selected immune system markers in female athlete college students. To perform this study, 20 healthy female volunteer athletes (table tennis player) (Age: 22/3±2), (Body mass index: 22/41± 1/35 kg/ms) were selected for this study and randomly was divided in two groups; 10 subjects in resistance training group (RG), and 10 subjects in control group (CG). All of the athletes was done the physical fitness evaluation and 1RM was taken before, middle, and end of resistance training. 48 hours before first training, the athletes were be familiar with exercise protocols. Then RT group exercised protocol three times per weeks for eight weeks. The protocol included 7 stations and the training volume was carried out exceedingly (80% .85%.90%.95%1RM).24 hours after the last training section, the blood test was taken from all of the subjects. In pre and post protocol white blood cells (WBC), IL6, lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes sample were collected and measured by using Elisa. In order to indicate the normal distribution of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. , before and after the exercise protocol. (p<0.05). The results of the current study indicated that, significant reduction (p=0.006) in rest IL6 level of RT group after eight weeks was observed. More over significant reduction (p=0.041) in amount of WBC of RT group after eight weeks was observed. These results suggest that, regular exercise can be critical point to reduce systematic inflammation, and the related index, such as IL6. It is one of the advantages adaption via these exercise. Isotonic resistance exercise can be the important and basic factor in systematic inflammation decrease and also reduction in relative factors such as interleukin 6 which is one of the reports of these kind exercises. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

215 - The effect of the sequence of movements during a resistance exercise session on the response of testosterone and cortisol hormones and the ratio between them in young men untrained.
yaser kazemzadeh pegah hooshangi hadis Haddad

10.30495/pah.2022.698104

AbstractThe most important purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different arrangements of movements in resistance training on the response of cortisol and testosterone hormones to a resistance activity session. 12 healthy young men aged 19 to 25 More

AbstractThe most important purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of different arrangements of movements in resistance training on the response of cortisol and testosterone hormones to a resistance activity session. 12 healthy young men aged 19 to 25 who had no history of weight training randomly participated in 3 sessions of resistance exercise with the same exercise variables. In the first session, the movements were performed as upper body-lower body, the second session was performed in reverse order, and the third session was performed as one in between. 15 minutes before and immediately after the end of all three sessions of resistance sports activity, blood samples were taken from the subjects, and the levels of cortisol and testosterone hormones were measured and the results were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures at α≥0.05 level. The results showed that the change in the arrangement of the movements does not cause a change in the response of cortisol and testosterone to a resistance activity session (respectively, P=0.118 and P=0.343), but the change in the order of the movements when the arrangement of the movements is in the middle of Upper body and lower body movements had the best ratio between cortisol and testosterone (P=0.028). The results of this research showed that changing the order of movements in the form of one upper body movement and one lower body movement can improve the ratio between testosterone and cortisol concentrations at the end of a training session. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

216 - Study of the interactive effect of High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and beetroot juicesupplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic index in Adult female wistar Rat with type 2 diabetes
mona abdolhamide tehrani

10.30495/pah.2023.1990203.1050

Epidemiological studies predict that the number will exceed 700 million people worldwide by 2045. In order to prevent diabetes, it is very important to provide sports programs along with drug therapy. Intermittent training increases insulin sensitivity. On the other han More

Epidemiological studies predict that the number will exceed 700 million people worldwide by 2045. In order to prevent diabetes, it is very important to provide sports programs along with drug therapy. Intermittent training increases insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, plants have always been one of the sources of medicines, which are traditionally used as chemical products. Root vegetable beet has antioxidant and anti-oxidant properties due to the identification of protective substances. Materials and methods: 40 mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptotocin after one week of adaptation and after 16 hours of fasting. After 4 days, the rats with blood glucose levels above 300 mg/dl were divided into (1) garlic, (2) training, (3) beetroot supplement, (4) training and supplementation, and (5) control groups. Groups 2 and 4 (4 weeks/4 sessions) practiced. And groups 3 and 4 consumed 10 kg/ml of beetroot daily. Training protocol: 44 minutes of running (6 minutes of warm-up at a speed of 10-12 minutes/m, 5 periods of 4-minute training with high intensity (70-95%) and 4 periods of 3-minute training with low intensity (50-60%) and 6 minutes of cooling). Results: Two-way analysis of variance test showed that four weeks of intense intermittent exercise with beetroot supplement reduced blood sugar (p<0.002) and improved insulin (p<0.033) and decreased insulin resistance (p<0.006).Keywords: interval training, beetroot, insulin resistance Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

217 - A review of the effects of resistance training and vitamin D on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Parisa Mokhtari Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Maghsoud Peeri Saleh Rahmati

10.30495/pah.2023.1999048.1060

Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue and undergoes structural and functional changes in response to mechanical load, metabolic stress, drugs and diseases. The most prominent structural change of skeletal muscle is hypertrophy and atrophy. Resistance training is one of th More

Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue and undergoes structural and functional changes in response to mechanical load, metabolic stress, drugs and diseases. The most prominent structural change of skeletal muscle is hypertrophy and atrophy. Resistance training is one of the most important interventions for muscle hypertrophy. By increasing the release of insulin hormones and insulin-like growth factor 1, these exercises activate the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in skeletal muscle and increase protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy. Due to the presence of vitamin D receptor in skeletal muscle cells, this vitamin can affect muscle hypertrophy. The review of the studies that were searched from the scientific databases of PubMed, Science Direct, Springer and Google Scholar shows that vitamin D also causes muscle hypertrophy by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. However, contrary to expectations, the combination of resistance training and vitamin D causes a slight increase in muscle mass and strength. Since the results of studies regarding the effects of the combination of resistance training and vitamin D on muscle hypertrophy are somewhat contradictory, more studies are needed regarding the effects of these two interventions on muscle structure and function. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

218 - Investigating the use of TiO2 and TiO2 microparticles waterproofed with nanotechnology in epoxy paint composite coatings on X52 steel
Amir Kazemi Ahmad Menshi Mehdi Boroujerdnia

In this research, two types of composite coatings based on epoxy paint reinforced by TiO2 nano and micro particles and TiO2 particles hydrophobicized by polysiloxane were prepared separately with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight to improve the properties of More

In this research, two types of composite coatings based on epoxy paint reinforced by TiO2 nano and micro particles and TiO2 particles hydrophobicized by polysiloxane were prepared separately with concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% by weight to improve the properties of epoxy paint. and in order to investigate their behavior, they were applied on API 5L X52 steel and then their properties were investigated by conducting corrosion and wear tests. The thickness of the coatings was checked by a digital thickness gauge. The corrosion resistance behavior of the coatings was evaluated using the polarization method in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results of the corrosion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coatings, the corrosion resistance was improved, and also the composite coating of epoxy paint with 5% by weight of the hydrophobic TiO2 reinforcement showed better corrosion resistance than other samples. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with EDX was used to examine the morphological properties of the surface. In order to check the dispersion of micro particles in the field of coating, Map analysis was taken from the samples. The results obtained from Map analysis have shown the appropriate and uniform distribution of hydrophobic particles in the field of epoxy coating. The wear resistance of the coatings was performed by the bullet test machine on the disc. The results of the abrasion test showed that by adding and increasing the concentration of reinforcing particles in the coating, the abrasion resistance of the coating increased, but by comparing the epoxy composite samples, it was found that the hydrophobicity of the reinforcing particles had no effect on the abrasion resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

219 - Examining the nature and consequences of Islamic Resistance Front's discourse in the Middle East
javad Bostan afrooz Hamed Mohagheghnia Rohollah Shahabi Feraydoon akbarzadeh

Among the movements that are trying nowadays to have an impressive effect in the Middle East developments, can refer to the Islamic Resistance Front . This movement has been effective in the context of Middle East and international system's political, social development More

Among the movements that are trying nowadays to have an impressive effect in the Middle East developments, can refer to the Islamic Resistance Front . This movement has been effective in the context of Middle East and international system's political, social developments in the last few decades, meanwhile was able to be widely discussed with the inspiration and modeling of the Islamic Revolution discourse. Accordingly, the discourse of the Islamic Resistance Front has been able to develop a more serious confrontation in a growing power with the domination system through the support of Islamic Revolution of Iran, so that it can be said that this confrontation with the domination system in countries such as Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Yemen has been led to a change in the challenges and the defeat of arrogant hegemony in the region. Considering the trend of global and regional developments after Islamic Revolution's victory and the spread of resistance act against the forces of anti-domineering, as well as the lack of available researches in this article has been tried to use Laclau and mouffe theory in an analytical-descriptive method and discourse analysis technique to response the question of how to explain the discourse of resistance and its consequences in the Middle East. The findings of this research indicate that the signs classified in the discourse of resistance can be classified into two categories. The first part is negative (negation) factors and the second one is affirmative (positivity) factors. The anti-dominance exists in the center of resistance discourse's negativity dimension, namely, negating domination and anti-dominance are the most important sign of negativity. But the most important affirmative forms of the resistance discourse, which are at the center of it, are some concepts like seeking justice, seeking rights, pacifism, dignity, authority, spiritualism and pragmatism. Manuscript profile

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220 - Iran's strategic goals and leadership role in the axis of resistance
MEHDI LOTFI ALI SHIRKHANI MEHDI Javadani Moghadam

The purpose of forming the axis of resistance has been to defend and support the liberating movements and the oppressed of the world against the colonial policies of the domination system. Iran has always been accused of exporting the ideology of revolutionary Islam and More

The purpose of forming the axis of resistance has been to defend and support the liberating movements and the oppressed of the world against the colonial policies of the domination system. Iran has always been accused of exporting the ideology of revolutionary Islam and forming the Persian Shiite Empire. The main question of this research is, what is the purpose of Iran with its active presence in the axis of resistance? The hypothesis of the current research is that the Islamic Revolution of Iran, in accordance with the principles of its constitution and by emphasizing the national interests, supports the oppressed and the liberating movements of the world, and by being present and playing a role in the axis of resistance, it gives meaning and meaning to its nature and survival. The theoretical framework of this research has been developed based on the theories of the Copenhagen school, the research method has been compiled with a descriptive-analytical approach and by reading first-hand sources, and it comes to the conclusion that playing the role of the Islamic Revolution in the axis of resistance was in line with its ideological nature. Recognizing the universal capabilities of Islam, he has led this axis and its other actors. Manuscript profile

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221 - جایگاه استقلال اقتصادی در اقتصاد مقاومتی در پرتو قوانین موضوعه
rasool ahmadibeni faramarz atrian seyed mohammad mahdi ghamamy

Economic independence is one of the most important indicators of any country's economic growth, and moving towards the optimal use of national production and supporting domestic labor and capital for economic independence requires a strong national resolve and the neces More

Economic independence is one of the most important indicators of any country's economic growth, and moving towards the optimal use of national production and supporting domestic labor and capital for economic independence requires a strong national resolve and the necessary legal and regulatory arrangements to pave the way. And that is the roadblock. In our country, we have been pursuing the same basic objective of the constitution in the economic sector, namely the achievement of independence and self-sufficiency, various policies and regulations. Self-sufficiency and securing economic independence is the most important objective of a resistive economy that, in addition to its constitutional emphasis, has its roots in the teachings of Islamic law. Finally, it was concluded that the general policies of the resisting economy are aimed at achieving economic independence and that many laws are directly and indirectly related to this issue.Key words: Economic Independence, Resistance Economy, Production Boom, Islamic Consultative Assembly Manuscript profile

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222 - بررسی روند جوشکاری مقاومتی فولاد حاوی بور ضرب داغ شده با پوشش Al-Si بر روی بدنه خودرو
مهران جعفرپور مال امیری حسن کاوسی بلوتکی

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223 - ساخت کامپوزیت لایه‌ای TaC-TiC/ TaC-TiC-Graphene و بررسی مقاومت به اکسیداسیون آن
امیرمحمد جعفری زهره بلک

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224 - Comparison of the effect of resistance, endurance and concurrent exercises on adiponectin gene expression in hand and foot muscle tissues of male Wistar rats
zahra malekian Tahereh Bagherpoor Nematollah Nemati

Background & Aim: Adiponectin is a type of adipokine that is involved in sugar and lipid metabolism, this adipokine is in addition to the tissue that it is like and can become. The present study was designed to compare the effect of endurance, resistance and combined ex More

Background & Aim: Adiponectin is a type of adipokine that is involved in sugar and lipid metabolism, this adipokine is in addition to the tissue that it is like and can become. The present study was designed to compare the effect of endurance, resistance and combined exercises on the level of adiponectin gene expression in the hand and leg muscles of Wistar rats. Materials & methods: The current study is an experimental research in which 40 healthy male Wistar rats were divided into four ten groups of control, resistance training, endurance and combined. Each group did their own exercises for 8 weeks. Finally, hand and foot muscles were examined to measure the adiponectin gene. Results: The results of the analyzes showed that the level of adiponectin gene expression was different among all groups (P < 0.001). The relative expression of adiponectin gene in all training groups increased significantly compared to the control group (P < 0.001).Also, comparing exercise groups together, combined exercises had the greatest effect and resistance exercise had the least effect. In intra-group comparison, adiponectin gene expression was higher in hand muscle than leg muscle during resistance training (P = 0.047), but gene expression was higher in leg muscle during endurance training (P = 0.029). These two muscles were not significantly different during combined training (P = 0.086). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, all types of sports training can increase the expression of adiponectin gene, but combined, endurance and resistance training have the greatest effect, respectively. Manuscript profile

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225 - Lithology determining by use of seismic inversion and cut-off in the Kangan formation
A.R KHordar M.A Riyahi احسان اله Amani

The main objective of this study is to determine lithology of one of the hydrocarbon reservoir in southern Iran.In this study facies has been computed at each one of wells and facies of the most similar to lithofacies reservoirlayers are used for Modeling .For this purp More

The main objective of this study is to determine lithology of one of the hydrocarbon reservoir in southern Iran.In this study facies has been computed at each one of wells and facies of the most similar to lithofacies reservoirlayers are used for Modeling .For this purpose at the first one acoustic impedance was modeled and a faciesmodel in each of the wells with seismic inversion methods on the model (Model Based) using non-regulatorymethods, neural network has been calculated.Comparison among these models showed that using cut off for determining Electro Facies and modeling themwith Geostatistical gives better results than using of unsupervised neural network method for determiningElectro Facies. Manuscript profile

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226 - A Comparative Study of the Parades of Resistance and Persistence Literature in the Poetry of Qaisar Aminpour and Kamal Nasser
mohammad arjestani ashraf chegini alireza gojezadeh

10.30495/rpcl.2022.697269

Foundations of nations’ literature are best indicator for acquainting with every nation’s attitude and belief. Literature of resistance and persistence is of literary works divisions that is exciting and sensational in service of humanity, influential in lit More

Foundations of nations’ literature are best indicator for acquainting with every nation’s attitude and belief. Literature of resistance and persistence is of literary works divisions that is exciting and sensational in service of humanity, influential in literature in terms of content. Qaisar Aminpour and Kamal Nasser are among stylish and hard-working poets in Iran and Palestine who have expressed Islamic resistance and persistence and people’s problems and pains in their poems in their own way, considering political, social, cultural, etc. situations based on religious principles and foundations, and have instilled in audience concepts such as: patriotism, sacrifice, love of man and homeland, resistance, and persistence as most important features of resistance literature. Islamic Revolution, Imposed War, and Occupation of Palestine have been discussed internationally last decades that explaining struggle culture in two countries by introducing main elements of resistance and persistence, besides enlightening and reviving thinking of oppression fighting and justice, are effective steps toward advancing relations between two countries.This research, meanwhile studying works and style of two great contemporary poets in an analytical-descriptive method, has evaluated some characteristics of resistance and persistence. Features such as: sincere emotion, modern language, variety of subjects, dealing with valuable concepts, and new ideas ripple through Aminpour's poetry. Kamal's poetry contains his feelings, personal sufferings, social and political issues of his life, and events he has witnessed. In his poetry, he defends suffering and displaced people who have fallen victim to coercion and policies of occupiers and submission of the Arab rulers. Manuscript profile

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227 - Quranic foundations of the necessity of resistance in Persian poems
sayyd hosin formibaf kamal khajepour aboalghasem asi moznab

10.30495/rpcl.2023.699917

Resistance is one of the natural things that its necessity has been beautifully discussed in Persian poetry and the principles of this necessity have been emphasized in the verses of the Qur'an. God Almighty, on the one hand, forbids Muslims from compromising and surren More

Resistance is one of the natural things that its necessity has been beautifully discussed in Persian poetry and the principles of this necessity have been emphasized in the verses of the Qur'an. God Almighty, on the one hand, forbids Muslims from compromising and surrendering to their opponents, and on the other hand, emphasizes the need for patience and perseverance in the face of enemies. The Qur'an and Islamic traditions consider the cost of compromise and surrender to the enemies to be much heavier than resistance and perseverance. Islam is a religion of moderation and resistance and stability against the factors that upset the balance of society - both internally and externally. In Persian poetry, resistance is considered necessary both for its current goodness and for having divine goals and social effects. These matters are among the intellectual foundations and ideas of resistance which are clearly explained and detailed in the Qur'an. The present article deals with the descriptive and analytical method of the Quranic principles of the necessity of resistance that have been raised in Persian poems. The results show the need for resistance in Persian poetry in various aspects of the current goodness such as purposefulness, holiness and .... and having divine goals such as preventing false domination, the dignity of the religion of God and ... and social effects such as community pride, the spread of justice Nourishes. Manuscript profile

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228 - Study on pathogenicity variation of the different isolates of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and evaluating the resistance of the several eggplant cultivars to them
Sahar Tari Mojdeh Maleki Dariush Shahriari

Eggplant Solanumm elongena L. of fruit vegetables is grown in warm and tropical regions. This plant has mostly been attacked by different pathogen particularly the causal agent of Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae). This is one of the most important diseases that More

Eggplant Solanumm elongena L. of fruit vegetables is grown in warm and tropical regions. This plant has mostly been attacked by different pathogen particularly the causal agent of Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae). This is one of the most important diseases that damaged eggplant and reduced yield and fruit quality up to 50%. There has been little successful in control by the use of fungicides, therefore, the resistance of eggplant varieties studied in this research. For this purpose, first the fungal isolates from different areas under eggplant culture were isolated from vascular tissue in Tehran and Alborz province and then purification and pathogenicity test, 15 isolates obtained in pathogeny potential were evaluated by root dip method of the root of Varamini susceptible cultivar in spore suspension with concentrations of 106 spores per ml. Disease severity index calculated by seven numbered scale of Xiao and Lin 1995, after five weeks. The results showed that V-E-KM-2 isolate obtained from samples of infected plants in MohammadShahr in Karaj, with disease severity of 92 percent were identified most virulent as pathogeny. In evaluation stage of the root resistance of different varieties, 14 common cultured eggplant varieties and the present varieties as pathogenicity method, inoculated with spores of the fungus. Symptoms recording were assessed 35 days after inoculation. The results obtained from the analysis of variance showed that treatments are significantly different in probability level of 1%. The means and resistance evaluation of eggplant cultivars against Verticillium wilt showed seven cultivars of Pasargadae, Volentala, Hybrid Arro, Lady, Sohrab, Yek Beauty (1) and Minabella were tolerant (T) in the range of 31.5 to 49.7 of the percentage of disease index. In this following study, supplementary investigations are essential to introduce tolerant varieties for cultivation in Iran. Manuscript profile

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229 - Differences pathogenicity of the fungus Cercospora beticola Sacc. caused cercospora leaf spot disease in sugarbeets and evaluation of sugarbeet cultivars resistance to the disease
Yashar Riazi Mojdeh Maleki Dariush Shahriari

Cercospora leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is considered to be the most destructive foliar pathogen of sugarbeet which result in highest loss of yield and quality of sugarbeet in warm and humid environments. Control of these fungi often has been un More

Cercospora leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is considered to be the most destructive foliar pathogen of sugarbeet which result in highest loss of yield and quality of sugarbeet in warm and humid environments. Control of these fungi often has been unsuccessful by the use of pesticides application; hence, the best method for disease control is the production and implementation of resistant likely cultivars. For this purpose, fungal isolates collected from south and north areas of Iran, Purification and Pathogenicity of isolate the genotype (191), susceptible to disease with spore suspension was implemented on leaves in greenhouse Then for characterizing isolates virulence, like pathogenicity method was performed inoculation of the fungus C. beticola on susceptible (191). The disease severity index after the appearance of disease symptoms, 35 days after sporulating was done by KSW method. Cultivars response assessment, 30 cultivars of sugarbeet to leaf spots in Gharakheyl research station under field conditions was conducted on completely random block design with three replications. Statistics from the infection severity were taken in June and July with an interval of one month. Also for evaluation of genotypes resistance of detached leaf disks in laboratory conditions in sterile environment, 1.8 cm diameter discs were prepared from the leaves of mentioned genotypes and laid on water agar rectangular plates and with spore suspension were sporulated . A total of sampling were obtained 18 isolates of pure C. beticola from different areas that all of them were high virulence, Although in terms of the disease severity were different, but the differences placed in the quantity range between 77.7-98.9 percent. In response Study of 30 genotypes of sugarbeet to causal agent in field conditions, the best time recording of disease severity is done from Gharakhey Ghaemshahr in favorable climatic mid June to late July. In this study, only 5 genotype: 32333, 32335, 32295, 32304 and 32319 showed response moderately susceptible "MS" and the rest of the group were susceptible "S" or very susceptible "VS". It was also determined a high correlation (91%) between assessment of detached leaf disks resistance in laboratory and field conditions as well as these two methods can replace each other Manuscript profile

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230 - Response of wheat advanced and elite lines to Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight in field condition
Maryam Kheirkhani Mohammad Torabi Mohammad Ali Dehghan

To evaluate resistance of wheat advanced and elite lines to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum), 61 genotypes obtinedfrom Cereal Research Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute were grown at agricultural research field of Agricultural and Natural Res More

To evaluate resistance of wheat advanced and elite lines to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum), 61 genotypes obtinedfrom Cereal Research Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute were grown at agricultural research field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Reserch Center of Gorgan in 2012 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Inoculums of the pathogen was increased on wheat straw in laboratory and a mixture suspension of spores of  five isolates were sprayed on plants at two growth stages of heading and anthesis.After development of disease in field, disease incidence, disease severity and disease index were assessed for each line. Based on the results, none of the lines were immune or resistant, but lines ARWYT-N-90-2, ERWYT-N-90-20 and ERWYT-N-90-4 with lower disease index exhibited an acceptable level of resistance.   Manuscript profile

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231 - Evaluation of the resistance of some tobacco cultivars to fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode under natural field infection conditions
Marzieh Shazdehahmadi Seyed Afshin Sajjadi

Fusarium wilt fungiFusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotionae and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), are the most important soil-borne tobacco pathogens in Iran and  over the world. Access to resistance genetic resources and cultivation resistant cultivars to th More

Fusarium wilt fungiFusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotionae and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), are the most important soil-borne tobacco pathogens in Iran and  over the world. Access to resistance genetic resources and cultivation resistant cultivars to these pathogens, are the most basic control methods to these pathogens and damage reduction come from epidemic disease, especially in the northern province of Iran. This research was studied in order to evaluate the resistance of 6 tobacco genotypes, including (BCE, HBT8, K17, Burley BB163, and Burley Geel 3) and Burley 21(as sensitive control) in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications during 2014-2015 under natural field infection. Fusarium wilt resistance evaluation based on Moorman et al with scale (0 - 4) evaluated on a weekly basis and resistance to root- knot nematode at the end of season based on number of galls, number of egg masses and the average number of egg per mass with scale 0 - 10 was performed. Evaluation the severity and progress of both diseases in the different cultivars showed that prevalence of these diseases by starting the heat season and air humidity has increased and these two pathogens have the synergistic effect together in the soil of field. The results of this research showed that Burley 21, Burley BB163, Burley Geel3 with sensitivity indexes 8,6,6 were respectively in groups susceptible, moderately susceptible, K17 with sensitivity indexes 4 are moderately resistant and BCE, HBT8 cultivars  with sensitivity index 2 were in resistant groups to soil-borne pathogens. According to these results the BCE and HBT8 identified as a resistant cultivars and Burley 21 identified as a most sensitive cultivar under natural field infestation conditions. Manuscript profile

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232 - Evaluation of resistance of selected bread wheat genotypes of cereal research department of Seed and plant institutes to Fusarium head blight in field conditions
Mohammad-Ali Dehghan Ali Milihipoor Manouchehr Khodarahmi

In this study, 224 wheat genotypes which had good agronomic characteristics were selected between 1700 collection of Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, to evaluating against diseases FHB, leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance in field co More

In this study, 224 wheat genotypes which had good agronomic characteristics were selected between 1700 collection of Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, to evaluating against diseases FHB, leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance in field condition in Golestan province. After land preparation, seed of each genotype were planted on a line with length 1.5 meters below mist irrigation systems. Spikes at 50% flowering (stage 65 of the Zadoks) were inoculated with spore suspension of fungi isolates of Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum) within three days of one another in two stages. To evaluate genotypes resistant to leaf rust, in stem elongation (stage 35 of the Zadoks), were sprayed with a mixture of spores of the pathogen. Genotypes were evaluated to powdery mildew with naturally infected area. Notes the reaction of genotypes diseases mentioned above, the standard method of assessment for all diseases. The results showed that, 60 percent of genotype in disease incidence of Fusarium head blight were moderately susceptible and 30% were susceptible reaction and the rest were moderately resistant and resistant, but in disease severity FHB, 30% of moderately susceptible reaction, 37% susceptible and the rest were placed in resistant and moderately resistant groups. In the disease index FHB of genotypes showed that 20 percent moderately susceptible, 22% susceptible, 34% moderately resistant and 24 percent showed good relative strength. Results evaluated genotypes reaction to leaf rust races in the region showed that 43% resistant, 47% susceptible and others 10 percent were moderately resistant or moderately susceptible. In this study, 17% of genotypes were resistant, 25% moderately resistant, 27% moderately susceptible and 31% were quite susceptible. After analysis of the data, 20 genotypes were favorable partial resistance to any of the diseases studied, were introduced as sources of resistance and molecular genetics of resistance to genetic unit Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Manuscript profile

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233 - Study on the antiviral activity of Weeping willow, Yarrow and common Nettle plant ethanolic extracts on Cucumber mosaic virus infection in cucumber under greenhouse conditions
Taban Safarzadeh Khosroshahi Farshad Rakhshandehroo Tomas Canto Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani

In this research the antiviral activity of medicinal plants including Weeping willow, Yarrow and Common Nettle ethanolic extracts against CMV-Fny infection in cucumber plant was explored under the greenhouse conditions. To this end, cucumber seedlings were mechanically More

In this research the antiviral activity of medicinal plants including Weeping willow, Yarrow and Common Nettle ethanolic extracts against CMV-Fny infection in cucumber plant was explored under the greenhouse conditions. To this end, cucumber seedlings were mechanically inoculated with the CMV-Fny. The extract of the mentioned plants was added directly into the plants' rhizosphere at 200 ppm, 800 ppm and 1000 ppm concentrations. CMV-infection level in inoculated as well as young grown leaves was tested by DAS-ELISA in 3, 6, 9 and 12 days post-inoculation. Peroxidase (POX) enzyme activity was assessed for the cucumber seedlings which showed maximum virus inhibition at 12 days post-inoculation and the expression level of inhibitor of viral replication (IVR) gene was also examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sq-RT-PCR) method for them at this time. ELISA results indicated that at 12 days after virus inoculation, CMV-Fny protein titer in inoculated and young grown leaves as well as disease severity index (DSI) decreased in cucumber seedlings treated with the plant extracts compared to the negative control. The most decreased level of CMV-titer observed 12 days at mature inoculated and young leaves by applying 1000 ppm concentration of nettle and 200 ppm of yarrow extracts. The expression level of IVR gene and POX enzyme specific activity increased in treated cucumber seedlings at 12 days post inoculation, represent a systemic resistance activity against CMV-infection, after extracts treatment. Manuscript profile

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234 - Tomato evaluating resistance against pathogenic isolates of the fungus Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici disease agent stem canker
Adeleh Ayoobi Far Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh Maleki

In this study the reaction of 27 tomato cultivars available in the country with isolates of Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici collected from different regions were evaluated. For this purpose, to collect isolates from different regions and the pathogenicity of toma More

In this study the reaction of 27 tomato cultivars available in the country with isolates of Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici collected from different regions were evaluated. For this purpose, to collect isolates from different regions and the pathogenicity of tomato varieties Pete Early-CH (susceptible to stem canker) was used. To identify the pathogen measurements were carried out in both macroscopic and microscopic. In this way, the color of the Colony and other macroscopic properties of the medium were examined under a microscope to examine the treatment of fungal spores and conidiophores and 100 were measured for each isolate was determined as the average. Other specifications, such as number of walls, length, width and color were investigated. A sample collected for testing of isolates susceptible cultivar was selected based on disease severity index. Selected varieties of seedlings after planting and transferred to pots in a greenhouse with suspension isolates of the fungus were inoculated in separate tests to measure disease incidence (Disease severity index) on the stem, after the elapse of the incubation period and the rise . Results of the evaluation showed that three varieties of stem canker Ps 550 and Xamen and Super Set in evaluating the area under the curve progression of the disease in stem cultivars, showed the lowest levels of development and were identified as resistant varieties. In order to study the fungus producing extracellular compounds and their role in the disorder, disease-causing bacteria in the PDB (infantry, dextrose liquid culture medium potatoes) Potato Dextrose Broth were killed. Tomato seedlings and leaflets for susceptibility to extracellular secretions (toxins) were evaluated. .   Manuscript profile

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235 - Reaction of some melon cultivars to charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina in Varamin
Fatemeh Mirabdollahi Shams dariush shahriari Mojddeh Maleki Neda Kheradpir

Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most serious soil brone disease of melon with economic importance throughout the world. Due to the failure of crop rotation, clean seeds and chemical control, application of the resistance cultivars and varieties, regar More

Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most serious soil brone disease of melon with economic importance throughout the world. Due to the failure of crop rotation, clean seeds and chemical control, application of the resistance cultivars and varieties, regarding to their ability in infestation reduction and less tissue destruction would be efficient. This study was to study the reaction of 22 different varieties of melon in Varamin area, as one of the main source of melon production in Iran, under the greenhouse condition. The experiment was taken place with four replications under complete random block design. Feature examined were wet weight, dry weight and pathogenicity index which were monitored in one month. Results of the pathogenicity indices showed than four varities, Honey Dave, Tashkand, Isafahan and Hybrid Ananas T with the lowest infestation index (1-2.1) were recognized as resistant and three varieties of Haj Mashallahi, Samsouri Isfahan, Ananas Mina MN1 with the highest pathogenicity index (>4) were recognized as susceptible. The results of wet weight mean showed that both hajmashallahi and 7065 MA hybrid has the lowest (17.05 gr) and Ananas T Hybrid showed the highest (57.05 gr); for dry weight, Honey Pack hybrid has the highest (7.16 gr) and Daregaz Mashhad showed the lowest (1.99 gr) weight. The results revealed a highly significant difference among the cultuvars which would be a clue to use plant resistance as a key factor in melon charcoal rot management. Manuscript profile

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236 - Evaluation of biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum using different isolates of Trichoderma harzianum antagonist and activation of defense mechanisms of cucumber plant
kaveh javanshirjavid Hamid Reza Alizadeh Jalal Gholamnezhad

Root and stem rot of cucumber with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum is one of the most harmful diseases in cucumber greenhouses in Iran. Chemical fungicides do not have the acceptable ability to control this pathogen. Also, due to their economic costs and a More

Root and stem rot of cucumber with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum is one of the most harmful diseases in cucumber greenhouses in Iran. Chemical fungicides do not have the acceptable ability to control this pathogen. Also, due to their economic costs and adverse effects on the environment, the use of biocontrol agents in the control plant diseases has been considered in recent years. Trichoderma antagonist isolates has been shown to be an effective biocontrol agent against a wide range of fungal pathogens. In this study, the effect of Trichoderma isolates on root rot and cucumber rot fungi was investigated. Three Trichoderma isolates were obtained from the mycology collection of the Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran. Mean peroxidase activity (POX) as a marker of induced resistance was measured using a spectrophotometer. Also, the effect of Trichoderma isolates on disease control in greenhouse conditions was determined by soaking the soil with spore suspension of antagonist and fungal pathogen. All three Trichoderma isolates T11, T6 and T9 have an acceptable effect on growth inhibition of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. T11 and T9 isolates showed 85.51% and 81.03% inhibition of mycelial growth of F42 strain, respectively. Peroxidase activity was assessed within seven days after inoculation. The highest peroxidase activity was observed on the fourth day in T11 isolate. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that T11 isolate (T. harizianum T11) had the greatest effect among Trichoderma isolates in inducing resistance. Manuscript profile

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237 - Evaluation of slow rusting resistance components in some promising wheat lines of moderate Climate zones to yellow rust in field conditions in Ardebil
Tahereh Dolatkhah Ajirloo Mohammad Torabi Safar Ali Safavi

Twenty promising wheat lines together with tow susceptible control cultivars Bolani and Morocco were evaluated for slow rusting resistance in Ardebil during 2013-2014 cropping season. Different components of slow rusting including coefficient of infection (CI), final ru More

Twenty promising wheat lines together with tow susceptible control cultivars Bolani and Morocco were evaluated for slow rusting resistance in Ardebil during 2013-2014 cropping season. Different components of slow rusting including coefficient of infection (CI), final rust severity (FRS), relative area under diseas progress curve (rAUDPC) and apparent infection rate(r) were assessed at both seedling and adult plant stages under filed condition. Pustule size and pustule density were also measured at both grow stages. The results showed that lines  M-91-17 and  M-91-4 were susceptible or moderately susceptible at seedling stage but resistant or immune at adult plant stage which indicates the presence of adult plant resistance in these lines. Lines  M-91-18, M-91-20, M-91-5, M-91-6 and M-91-7 were moderately resistant at seedling stage but showed favorable levels of slow rusting at adult plant stage. Lines  M-91-13, M-91-14,  M-91-12 and M-91-8 which were susceptible at seedling stage and showed higher levels of slow rusting at adult plant steges, seems to pocess some adult plant recsistant genes. Susceptible control cultivars  had the highest r, CI, FRS, rAUDPC, pustule density and pustule size. Based on the values of the measured traits, except M-91-2,  M-91-3, M-91-9, M-91-10, M-91-11,  M-91-15 and M-91-16, the remaining lines had medium to high levels of slow rusting resistance. Correlation cofficients between FRS and CI, rAUDPC and r were 98%, 97% and 97%, respectiveiy. Manuscript profile

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238 - Biochemical basis of Benzothiadiazole-mediated defense in quince under orchard condition
Parinaz Etesamzadeh Mansoureh Keshavari Adeleh Sobhanipour Esfandiar Zohour

Based on the recent results on the efficacy of Bion elicitor in increasing quince (Cydonia oblanga) resistance to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora bacterium, the biochemical basis of this induced defense was studied for the first time. The experiment was conducte More

Based on the recent results on the efficacy of Bion elicitor in increasing quince (Cydonia oblanga) resistance to fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora bacterium, the biochemical basis of this induced defense was studied for the first time. The experiment was conducted on quince cv. Isfahan seedlings grafted on quince rootstocks under orchard condition.  In early spring, three-years-old young plants were sprayed twice with Bion (400 mg/l) in 4-days intervals and four days after the last spray, young leaves were collected for enzymes extraction and quantification. Also, phytotoxic effects of Bion were studied throughout the time course of the study in orchard. Based on the results, Bion did not induce any phytotoxicity effects on quince. Bion treatment increased polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities but did not affect on catalase activity. It is concluded that elevation of oxidative enzymes are a part of biochemical mechanism of Bion-mediated defense in quince but catalase enzyme activity, which dismutase reactive oxygen species, does not change. Manuscript profile

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239 - Identification of Pathotypes in Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr., the agent of Ascochyta blight in chickpea in provinces of Kermanshah and Ilam and resistance evaluation of chickpea cultivars and lines against disease
Shahrzad Khalatbari Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh Maleki

Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. (Labr.)is one of the greatest disease in chickpeathat cause total yield loss if the environmental conditions are favorable. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective management strategy for ascochyta blight in More

Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei Pass. (Labr.)is one of the greatest disease in chickpeathat cause total yield loss if the environmental conditions are favorable. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective management strategy for ascochyta blight in chickpea. In our study, 24 different isolates of A. rabiei from plants infected by this disease were obtained in provinces of Kermanshah and Ilam and then isolated and purified. For evaluation of the morphological characteristics, discs of colonies of fungal isolates were sown in PDA, CDA, CSA and WA media. For pathotypes identification, the isolates were sporulated on differential chickpea cultivars by concentrations with 106 spores per ml. 41 genotypes and chickpea cultivars inoculated by three A. rabiei pathotype like pathogenicity method in greenhouse. The severity of the disease index is noted from 1 to 9, according to the scale of Jan and Wiese and 12 days later when the intensity of symptoms reached to 90 percent on susceptible cultivar. The results of our study revealed morphological and genetic diversity of the fungus. In this survey, three pathotypes identified in different districts of Kermanshah and Ilam, respectively. Pathotypes 1 of 13 of total isolates was the most widely distributed then, pathotype II with 6 isolates and pathotype III with 5 isolates were the least ones. The response of 41 cultivars against three pathotype of A. rabiei, Adel, Azad cultivar that have just been released by the Agricultural Research Institute of Dryland over the past few years together with advanced line of Flip 03-109C against the pathotype III showed moderately resistant response while other lines and cultivars were susceptible or highly susceptible. In total, lines of Flip51-87C, Flip03-119C, Flip04-13C and Flip04-10C showed resistant or moderately resistant response for pathotypes. Manuscript profile

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240 - Evaluation of resistant wheat genotypes of elite regional wheat yield trials 1397 to wheat leaf rust disease
Seyed Taha Dadrezaei Mohammad Ali Dehghan Nosratallah Tabatabai Fard Hesamuddin Mofidi

Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks, is one of the most important wheat diseases due to the extent of dispersion and damage in the world. This research project was conducted in order to evaluate reaction of 111 wheat genotypes of Elite Regional Wheat Yie More

Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks, is one of the most important wheat diseases due to the extent of dispersion and damage in the world. This research project was conducted in order to evaluate reaction of 111 wheat genotypes of Elite Regional Wheat Yield Trials (ERWYT-97) to wheat rust disease under field conditions in Gorgan, Sari and Ahvaz. At the planting seasons, each genotype was planted in two meter rows in three replications for two years. In Karaj, resistance of genotypes was evaluated at seedling stage and under greenhouse conditions. In greenhouse, data were recorded 12 days after inoculation by McIntosh et al. method. The results showed that out of 111 advanced wheat lines, four climates had 25 acceptable resistance lines at three locations in two years. 86 lines were susceptible in one area or over two years. Also 7, 25, 7, 3, 7 line of 26 promising lines of South Zone wheat, the 25 promising lines of North Zone wheat, 20 promising lines of Cold Zone wheat 20 promising lines of Moderate Zone wheat, 20 promising line of salinity wheat respectively showed only one resistance line. Manuscript profile

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241 - Response of some early maturing maize genotypes to southern corn leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis)
Samaneh Hosseinkhani Vahid Rahjoo Majid Zamani

Southern corn leaf blight caused by Bipolaris  maydis is one of the most important diseases of maize and causes major losses in quality and quantity of yield in corn. The most effective way for control of disease is use of resistant cultivars. To evaluate the react More

Southern corn leaf blight caused by Bipolaris  maydis is one of the most important diseases of maize and causes major losses in quality and quantity of yield in corn. The most effective way for control of disease is use of resistant cultivars. To evaluate the reaction of maize genotypes to the disease on experiment was arranged as split plot in RCBD with three replications and 15 genotypes (6 hybrids, 9 lines and a susceptible check) at Karaj and Sari stations. The mixture of five aggressive isolates were used for artificial inoculation at two growth stages of plant (spraying with spore suspension at 4-6 leaf stage and Bazooka technique with sorghum kernels infected to B. maydis at 6-8 leaf stage). Genotypes were evaluated based on disease severity percentage on leaves two weeks after flowering time. The results of combined variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference at 1% probability level among corn genotypes. Based on the results, three lines K1263/17, K615/1, S61 and two hybrids KSC 201 and KSC 301were susceptible, four lines K1263/1, KE75039, K1264/5-1, K1728/8 and hybrid KSC 260 were moderately susceptible, two lines OH43/1-43, KE72012/12 and two hybrids KSC 250 and KSC 340 were moderately resistant. Hybrid KSC 400 was the only genotype that induced chlorotic lesion on lower leaves of all genotypes and was assessed as resistant. Due to favorable climatic conditions and high disease incidence in Sari station percentage of susceptible genotypes in Sari (53.33%) was higher than that Karaj (26.69%). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

242 - An overview of the parameters affecting the coefficient of performance of thermoelectric cooling
نادر رهبر Saeed Kamranifar

Thermoelectric systems have many advantages, including environmentally friendly, without noise and high reliability. Due to the reduction of fossil fuel resources and emissions resulting them, using of thermoelectric systems both of cooling and generator are increasing. More

Thermoelectric systems have many advantages, including environmentally friendly, without noise and high reliability. Due to the reduction of fossil fuel resources and emissions resulting them, using of thermoelectric systems both of cooling and generator are increasing. But one of the main disadvantages of thermoelectric cooling is low coefficient of performance. Today, researchers have a particular focus on the coefficient of performance and are trying to improve it. To learn more about the coefficient of performance parameters that are discussed in this paper to review. For this purpose, the first effects of electrical contact resistances and thermal resistances are investigated at small thermoelectric modules that by ignoring it will not reach the desired results. Also, by decreasing the electrical contact resistance can increasing the coefficient of performance 50 to 60 percent. Then correlation between the coefficient of performance and thermoelement length, temperature difference and electric current is provided. Finally the multi-stage modules has been discussed as a result of increasing stages, coefficient of performance also increased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

243 - Experimental investigation on the effect of resistance projection welding parameters on weld joint torque strength of nut to sheet
Nasrollah Bani mostafa Arab Amir Alinaghizadeh Ali Dehghani

Nowadays welding is the most important and the most common joining processfor Metals (and sometimes other metals). Among the existing methods for welding, ressistance welding uses heat and pressure simultaneously, In this thesis, effect of the process parameters on tors More

Nowadays welding is the most important and the most common joining processfor Metals (and sometimes other metals). Among the existing methods for welding, ressistance welding uses heat and pressure simultaneously, In this thesis, effect of the process parameters on torsional strength of resistance projection welds in sheet metal and nut with different thickness has been investigated. Welding time, welding current and electrode force are the most important factors affecting the quality of a the weld. The Minitab16 software and response surface method have been used to conduct experiments to find the effect of the above parametrs on torsional strength. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

244 - ارزیابی و انتخاب پیمانکاران پروژه های عمرانی شهرداری با در نظر گرفتن معیارهای مهندسی مقاومت پذیری
مهیار کیان پور سید علی ترابی

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Open Access Article

245 - بررسی نقش نظارت بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در ساماندهی بازار غیر متشکل پولی )مطالعه موردی:صرافی های استان آذربایجان غربی(
مسعود قهرمانی امیرپور معصوم

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246 - ارزیابی عملکردشرکت بابرّرسی تأثیرتیزبینی بازارومشارکت شبکه تأمین،برقابلیت مقاومت دربرابررخدادهای فاجعه بار
علیرضا فضل زاده محمد صبوری فرد محمدرضا قربانیان جعفر امینی

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247 - Effect of Inhibitor Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydra‌zone(CCCP) on the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Aminoglycoside and efflux pump activity determination in Acinetobacter baumannii Multiple- Drug Resistant isolates
Sahar Honarmand Jahromy Jeyran Fathi Rad Fatemeh Noorbakhsh

Acietobacter baumanni is an important cause of nosocomial infections. This bacterium is resistant to many commonly-used antibiotics and multidrug resistance is often responsible for the failure of antibiotic therapy. Numerous mechanisms may lead to this resistance and t More

Acietobacter baumanni is an important cause of nosocomial infections. This bacterium is resistant to many commonly-used antibiotics and multidrug resistance is often responsible for the failure of antibiotic therapy. Numerous mechanisms may lead to this resistance and the active efflux pumps is an important factor for mutidrug resistance in A. baumannii .Today aminoglycosides are important antibiotics used for the treatment of in A. baumannii serious infections.The aim of this study was investigation of efflux pupms activity for aminoglycoside resistance among clinical isolates of A. baumannii . 55 strains of Acinetobacter bumanni were isolated from clinical specimens of patients hospitalized in Milad hospital and identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotic resistance profile of strains to 11 antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method according to CLSI standard and MDR strains were defined. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amikacin and gentamicin was determined before and after treatment by efflux inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The highest resistance was to ceftazidim and cefotaxim (98.2%) and lowest resistance was to gentamicin(62%). Resistance to amikacin was 74.5%. The prevalence of MDR strains was 98% Among amikacin and gentamycin resistant isolates 4(9.3%) and 17(50%) strains reported as actively efflux pumps. One strain for both antibiotics had efflux pump activity. The efflux pump is more active for gentamicin tha amikacin among A. baumannii isolates. Manuscript profile

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248 - Biofilm Formation and Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates
Maasuomeh Mahdavi Ourtakand Sahar Honarmand Jahromi Zahra Resalati

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens in hospitals. One of the therapeutic problems of this bacterium is antibiotic resistance to common antibiotic treatments associated with biofilm production. This study was conducted to find out the relationsh More

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens in hospitals. One of the therapeutic problems of this bacterium is antibiotic resistance to common antibiotic treatments associated with biofilm production. This study was conducted to find out the relationship between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation on P. aeruginosa isolated from 50 clinical specimens of patients referring to Milad Hospital in Tehran. Biochemical and differential tests were carried out to identify and isolate P. aeruginosa. The resistance of the strains was determined by antibiogram test and the ability of biofilm strain formation was investigated by microtiterplate method. The results showed that the highest resistance to antibiotics was ticarcillin (48%) and imipenem (36%) and 17 strains (34%) had multiple drug resistance. Also, the ability to form biofilms of strains showed that 52% of them had strong biofilms and among 17 strains of P. aeruginosa with multiple drug resistance, 12 strains had the ability to form a strong biofilm. According to the results, a significant percentage of MDR strains have the ability to produce strong biofilms. Regarding the role of biofilms in reducing the penetration of the drug into cell, biofilm-producing bacteria have a high drug resistance, which is a warning to the medical community. Manuscript profile

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249 - Effect of eight weeks circuit resistance training on serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Factors Atherogenic in obese men
Marzieh Ashkanifar Seyedmahmoud Hejazi Rambod Khajeie Amir Rashidlamir

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are the most common metabolic disease in the world and cause or exacerbate many of the diseases that are associated with reduced quality of life. Exercise training increases skeletal muscle capillary density, but the molecular mechan More

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are the most common metabolic disease in the world and cause or exacerbate many of the diseases that are associated with reduced quality of life. Exercise training increases skeletal muscle capillary density, but the molecular mechanisms of this process are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks circuit resistance training on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Factors Atherogenic of fat in obese men. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 22 obese men were randomly divided into two groups of exercise and control. Training program was consists of three sessions per week for eight weeks with intensity between 60 to 80 percent of 1RM. Venous blood samples the pre-test and post-test for measured of VEGF and Factors Atherogenic was used. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test using SPSS software version 23. Results: The results showed that VEGF levels increased from 1628.75 to 1762.93, which Evaluation of intergroup changes was significantly higher in the exercise group compared to the control group (p <0.001). The results showed that Factors Atherogenic which Evaluation of intergroup changes was significantly decrees in the exercise group compared to the control group (p <0.001).Conclusion: circuit resistance training can increase levels of SIRT1 and PGC-1α, and reduce weight and fat percentage. Manuscript profile

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250 - Profile of erythromycin resistance genes ermA, B, C and msrA in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from Ahvaz hospitals
Zahra Noormohammadi Zahra Noormohammadi Shohre Zare Karizi sahar honarmand jahromi

Staphylococcus aureus is currently one of the main causes of nosocomial. The present study aimed to evaluate erythromycin resistant genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples obtained from hospitals. In this study, 100 patients with positive S More

Staphylococcus aureus is currently one of the main causes of nosocomial. The present study aimed to evaluate erythromycin resistant genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples obtained from hospitals. In this study, 100 patients with positive S. aureus in clinical samples were collected from hospitals in Ahvaz. Resistance to antibiotics erythromycin, tetracycline, penicillin and clindamycin using antibiogram disks on all samples of blood, urine, sputum and trachea was tested. The presence of four genes involved in antibiotic resistance, namely ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA were determined by PCR in genome and plasmid. Also 21 samples with positive ermC gene were sequenced for evaluation of genetic variation. Molecular analysis showed that 64 samples were resistant to erythromycin while 87.5%, 93.8%, 92.2% and 70.3% of samples were positive in ermA, ermB, ermC and msrA respectively and 25 samples were susceptible to erythromycin including % 88 ermA, 92 % ermB, 100% ermC and 48% msrA with P value of: 0.23, 0.66, 0.31 and 0.83 showed no significant differences between susceptible and resistance to erythromycin samples. The presence of erm genes in erythromycin susceptible samples may be due to mutations in promoters or coding regions of genes which may inhibit their functions. Also the results of sequencing of ermC gene proved presence of this gene on plasmids. Manuscript profile

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251 - Evaluation of the prevalence of Salmonella infection and tetracycline resistance genes in poultry samples obtained from stores in Zahedan
Robabeh Eftekhari-Nejad Babak Kheirkhah

Salmonellosis is the most important form of bacterial infection in humans and animals caused by the non-typhoid salmonella family. Salmonella infection is the most common cause of foodborne infections. One of the most important sources of Salmonella contamination is pou More

Salmonellosis is the most important form of bacterial infection in humans and animals caused by the non-typhoid salmonella family. Salmonella infection is the most common cause of foodborne infections. One of the most important sources of Salmonella contamination is poultry and meat products. In the last two decades, the emergence of Salmonella resistant to common antibiotics has increased the problems of Salmonella contamination in meat products. Transmission of these resistant bacteria to humans makes the treatment process difficult and lengthy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella bacteria and tetA and tetB resistance genes from poultry stores in Zahedan. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, Salmonella isolates were isolated from 130 poultry stores in Zahedan based on standard methods published by OIE and FDA. The results of this study show that only 6.15% of the samples were Salmonella and 3.07% were Salmonella typhimurium strains. Examination of the frequency of resistance genes in isolated samples in the present study shows that in 50% of Salmonella isolates, none of the tetA or tetB resistance genes was detected, while in the other 50%, only the tetB resistance gene was identified. The presence of tetracycline resistance genes in Salmonella isolates suggests that the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry should be controlled and more carefully used to reduce the frequency of these genes. Manuscript profile

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252 - Isolation and identification of gram-negative bacteria from patients with urinary tract infections referred to Savadkooh laboratory and determination of their drug resistance pattern from the beginning of October 1400 to the end of December 1400
seyedmohammadmahdi mousavi mojtaba fallah neda Jafari Jushqhan

Today, microorganisms have become resistant to drugs by causing genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine culture in the laboratory of Savadkuh city. The cross-sectional descriptive More

Today, microorganisms have become resistant to drugs by causing genetic mutations. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urine culture in the laboratory of Savadkuh city. The cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in Savadkuh laboratory. Bacterial isolates were identified by microscopic examination, morphology and biochemical tests. Fifty samples of gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections were isolated from 5 cases (10%) of men and 45 cases (90%) of women. According to the study, the two most common gram-negative bacteria in urinary tract infections are based on the percentage of infectivity in this study, which include: E.Coli (62%), and Klebsiella (30%) and other gram-negative (8%), They were isolated from urine samples. According to the antibiogram test, the most cases of resistance were related to the antibiotics ampicillin, nalidixic acid and cefazolin, respectively. On the other hand, the most sensitive drugs are nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Manuscript profile

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253 - Efflux Systems in plant-associated Bacteria and their Role in Multiple Drug Resistance
Sina Nourizadeh Reza Khakvar

Plant Associated Bacteria are one of the most important elements of plant ecosystems. These bacteria live internally (endophytes) or externally (epiphytes) in different plants organs and have various effects on the life cycle of plants. These bacteria are constantly exp More

Plant Associated Bacteria are one of the most important elements of plant ecosystems. These bacteria live internally (endophytes) or externally (epiphytes) in different plants organs and have various effects on the life cycle of plants. These bacteria are constantly exposed to different antibacterial compounds which are secreted from plants and other epiphytic microorganisms in their natural habitat. Plant-associated bacteria deal with these toxic compounds in a variety of ways, one of which is the use of efflux systems. An active efflux mechanism is responsible for the transportation of antibacterial compounds out of the cell. This process is associated with energy consumption which is provided from ATP hydrolysis or electrochemical gradient. These pumps are protein vectors that express from chromosome or plasmid and not only have critical rule in drug resistance, also have other physiological proceeds. The rule of efflux systems in plant-associated bacteria and their relation with transcription regulatory are discuss in this article. Manuscript profile

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254 - Investigating the pattern of drug resistance among bacteria isolated from women suffering from urinary tract infections in Savojbolagh
Saman Afshar Mohammadreza Dehghani Dorna Rafighi Farnaz Yousefi Javid Taghinejad

10.30495/zisti.2023.1981288.1156

Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the medical and health problems. This type of infection is more common in women than in men due to the anatomy of the urinary tract and lack of hygiene. The aim of the present study is to investigate the drug resistance of More

Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the medical and health problems. This type of infection is more common in women than in men due to the anatomy of the urinary tract and lack of hygiene. The aim of the present study is to investigate the drug resistance of urinary pathogens in women with urinary tract infection in Savojbolagh city.Methods: The current study is descriptive-cross-sectional, which was collected by examining 5100 urine samples from women suffering from and suspected of urinary tract infection, and after culturing in general-pourpose media and selective media and biochemical tests, the type of pathogenic microorganism was determined; then, the level of resistance in the strains was reported with antibiogram. Microsoft Excel 2022 software was used to draw graphs.Results: Out of a total of 5100 urine samples, 302 samples were considered positive, and the most infectious pathogens were Escherichia coli (%60.93) and group B streptococcus (%16.56). The age group of 31-40 years (%17.55) was recognized as the high-risk group, and the highest frequency of drug resistance in Escherichia coli to cefazolin (%60.87) and in group B streptococci to tetracycline (%88) was observed.Conclusions: The amount of drug resistance of microorganisms is increasing day by day, and this issue is a threat to all humans and animals. In this study, the highest rate of drug resistance to cefazolin and tetracycline was observed in two pathogens, which are main causes of urinary tract infection. Manuscript profile

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255 - Effect of Aerobic Training on Serum Levels of Apolipoprotein M, Lipid and Metabolic Profiles in Young Sedentary Obese Women
Masoomeh Azami Najmeh Rezaeian

10.30495/nssem.2022.697800

Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according More

Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according to the body mass index. Subjects in experimental group participated in twelve weeks of aerobic running training at intensity of 50-75 percentage of reserve heart rate, 30-55 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Blood sampling was performed immediately before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session to assess blood factors. Statistical analysis was done by Covariance, paired t-test and Pearson correlation at significant level of P<0.05.According to covariance, there existed significant differences between two groups of experimental and control for changes in levels of ApoM insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol HDL and LDL insulin resistance index weight body fat percentage waist and hip circumferences. T-test findings showed 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant decreases in levels of ApoM and HDL accompanied with significant decreases in levels of insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol and LDL insulin resistance index and anthropometric indices (P<0.05) in experimental group in post-test compared to pre-test. However, there were significant positive correlation between changes in serum levels of Apom following 12 weeks of aerobic training with changes in cholestrol levels.It seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training can improve body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance, despite the deccreases in serum levels of ApoM. Manuscript profile

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256 - EFFECT OF THE ONE PERIOD OF BOLDENONE, RESISTANCE EXERCISE, AND JUJUBE EXTRACT ON STRUCTURAL DAMAGE OF PANCREATIC TISSUE IN MALE WISTAR RATS
Sayyed-Javad Ziaolhagh Ali-Reza Saadatifar Sayyed-Mostafa Tayyebi-Sani

10.30495/nssem.2023.1994932.1012

Theme and Purpose: Today, the use of potent drugs is very common among athletes, and steroid hormones are being used to improve exercise performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the side effects of anabolic Boldenone steroid on pancreatic tissue and More

Theme and Purpose: Today, the use of potent drugs is very common among athletes, and steroid hormones are being used to improve exercise performance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the side effects of anabolic Boldenone steroid on pancreatic tissue and the healing effect of jujube extract with resistance training on reducing these complications. Research method: 42 wistar male rats, aged 8-12 weeks, and weights 180-220 grams were studied. After two weeks of maintenance and getting used to the training protocols, the third week of exercise began. Subjects were randomly divided into 6 groups of 7 (Boldenone group and resistance training, Boldenone, Boldenone and Jujube extract, Boldenone without resistance training, Control and Sham) and were evaluated for desirable results.Results: The results showed that changes in weight gain in the hormone training group were significant (P=0), but in exercise groups alone (P=1.000) and hormone alone (P=0974) and jujube hormones (P> 0.05 - P =0989) has not been meaningful. High-dose steroids have been responsible for the destruction of pancreatic axins, islets of Langerhans and blood vessels.Conclusion: The results showed that the use of high-dose anabolic steroids results in the destruction of pancreatic tissue and exercise and jujube extracts can be effective in reducing the destructive effects of steroids. Manuscript profile

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257 - Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on MiR-193b and Insulin Resistance Index in Diabetic Rats
Masoud Alizadeh Najmeh Rezaeian

miRNA are emerging as important regulators of key biological processes and involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT More

miRNA are emerging as important regulators of key biological processes and involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of six weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on adipose tissue levels of MiR-193b and insulin resistance index in male diabetic rats with high fat diet and streptozotocin. Twenty male wistar rat (10-12 weeks old, 370/25±13/76 gr) selected and following the induction of type 2 diabetes, the diabetic rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The rats in the experimental group participated in six weeks of high intensity interval training of running on a treadmill with 40 seconds of repetitions with 2 seconds of active rest between each repetition, 30 minutes per session and five sessions per week. All rats were dissected 48 hours after the last training session and the blood indices were evaluated using appropriate laboratory methods. Data analysis were done using independent and paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Adipose tissue levels of MiR-193b following six weeks of HIIT in experimental group were higher than control group; whereas, levels of insulin and fasting blood glucose , insulin resistance index and body weight were in the experimental group compared to the control group. Furthermore, Six weeks of high intensity interval training in experimental group caused in significant decreases in body weight in post- test compared to pre- test . Moreover, according to the Pearson correlation test, there were negative significant correlations between the changes in levels of adipose tissue levels of MiR-193b following HIIT and changes in body weight (P=0.038). Six weeks of HIIT play role in improving insulin resistance by increasing the MiR-193b levels in addition to improve body composition. Manuscript profile

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258 - the role of teachers' self-efficacy and work engagement to predict resistance to change
ghaffar karimianpour seidmohamadjaber bagheri mahdi moeinikia

The purpose of this study is to the role of teachers' self-efficacy and work engagement to predict resistance to change. The method of this study is correlational. it was applied and in of method is descriptive and correlation. Statistical population of this study compr More

The purpose of this study is to the role of teachers' self-efficacy and work engagement to predict resistance to change. The method of this study is correlational. it was applied and in of method is descriptive and correlation. Statistical population of this study comprised of all elementary school teachers in Salas Babajani city (240) in 2015-2016 academic year. From among this population, according to the Morgan table and using stratified random sampling 130 sample were selected. For data collection Salanova and Schanfeli work engagement questionnaire, schannen-Moran and Woolfolk teachers self-efficacy questionnaire and taghvaei resistance to change questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multiple regression) were used to analyze the data. The findings proved that there is a negative significant correlation between teachers' self-efficacy and work engagement with resistance to changeand. to change. The results of regression analysis showed that work engagement and its component are 54% and teaching self-efficacy and its component predict 21% of changes in teacher's resistance to change. Manuscript profile

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259 - An Analysis of Islamiyah, Experience of Resistance Economics in Iran during the Qajar Period (1278-1289
مریم حایک

Resistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh‌ to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period More

Resistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh‌ to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period to culminate in "domestic production and consumption of goods" was effective? To answer this question important factors in strengthening the national production at the company's activity Islamiyah, based on "qualitative content analysis" is checked. According to local patterns of successful role in promoting social issues, the result of unity and cooperation of various factors affecting the company's success Islamiyah including merchant capital, the spiritual and intellectual pen, noting that in the current situation, creating a strong economy and based on be local, not out of reach. The results indicated the necessity of enjoying the backing of nationalist sentiment and religious beliefs to realize the current situation is the strength of the economy. Manuscript profile

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260 - A survey of Kerman historical changes from arrival of Muslims to the end of the Caliphate of Imam Ali (pu)
Fakhri Zangi Abadi

The first encounter of Arab Muslems with the sassanid Army was during Zighar event which led to  the Iranian defeat.  This event was a prelude to the wars of Ghadassiya, jelula, Nehavanal and the last defeat of the sassanid  Emperor and their  entran More

The first encounter of Arab Muslems with the sassanid Army was during Zighar event which led to  the Iranian defeat.  This event was a prelude to the wars of Ghadassiya, jelula, Nehavanal and the last defeat of the sassanid  Emperor and their  entrance into different parts of Iran. With the defeat of the sassanids and after the flee of Yazdgird thzaugh Kerman to Khorasan. Muslims pursued him and to complete the  conquest of  Iran, they conquered Kerman in the time of Omar and Ossaman . atfirst, in the time of Omar, 23 After Higrat, this  area was defeated by Abdollah Atban and Soheil ibnady .and then in the  time of osseman (31.AH), Mayushe’ ibn massoud salmi was ordered by Abdollah ibn Amer to conquer it for the second time. After Arabs entered Kerman, and after their power was stable in Kerman, the influence region and the other ceremonies of the Zoroastrians in Kerman reduced. In this way the Zoroastrians became alliged to pay tributes to Muslims. In the time of Ali (pu)s Caliphate, Ziyad ibn Abih was appointed governor of Kerman by him. Manuscript profile

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261 - Resistance against Mongol invasion in Transoxania and Khurasan Cities
mohammadali joudaki amin jeiran

The present study aimed to probe the Resistance Iran Eastern Cities Against Mongol invasion  in khurasan and Transoxania. The main research question is How did the resistance against Mongol invasion The eastern cities of Iran and What factors influenced their resis More

The present study aimed to probe the Resistance Iran Eastern Cities Against Mongol invasion  in khurasan and Transoxania. The main research question is How did the resistance against Mongol invasion The eastern cities of Iran and What factors influenced their resistance? To realize the potential of regions, First, we briefly discuss the characteristics of urban geography.   Findings from this study indicate, Kharazmshahi's  Government agents and People They have sought to defend the land of their country. Resistance is futile Due to factors such as domestic disputes, Politicals turmoil and Power Mongol invasion. cities's Resistance  affected by natural factors such as mountainsand human factors like population and a strong fortress. Most of the resistance leaders Were clergy and religious figures. Composition of the cities  population such as Turk or Tajik and  Mongolian military policy That were not destroyed The towns ,Preparing for to attack larger cities  Would cause the intensity and weaknesses cities resistance On the other hand. Manuscript profile

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262 - An Analysis of Islamiyah, Experience of Resistance Economics in Iran during the Qajar Period (1278-1289)
maryam heyek

Resistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh‌ to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period More

Resistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh‌ to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period to culminate in "domestic production and consumption of goods" was effective? To answer this question important factors in strengthening the national production at the company's activity Islamiyah, based on "qualitative content analysis" is checked. According to local patterns of successful role in promoting social issues, the result of unity and cooperation of various factors affecting the company's success Islamiyah including merchant capital, the spiritual and intellectual pen, noting that in the current situation, creating a strong economy and based on be local, not out of reach. The results indicated the necessity of enjoying the backing of nationalist sentiment and religious beliefs to realize the current situation is the strength of the economy.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

263 - Antibiotics in the environment: An overview of the sources, distribution, occurrence, effects, fate and risk assessment of antibiotics in the environment
Ahmad Asl hashemi

Antibiotics are one of the largest groups of medicinal compounds that are used in medicine and veterinary medicine. These compounds, despite having positive effects in preventing and treating diseases in humans and animals, also have adverse effects on the environment. More

Antibiotics are one of the largest groups of medicinal compounds that are used in medicine and veterinary medicine. These compounds, despite having positive effects in preventing and treating diseases in humans and animals, also have adverse effects on the environment. Recently, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the subsequent entry of these compounds into the environment have led to an increase in concerns at the global level. These compounds are not traditionally considered environmental pollutants, however, there are concerns about the emergence of these compounds in aquatic systems, due to their biological effects and potential risks to the environment and health. It is human. Conventional water and wastewater treatment processes are not designed to remove small amounts of chemicals such as antibiotics. Therefore, the entry of these compounds into the environment from different sources leads to the pollution of plants, animals, and water and soil environments and also creates problems for public health. In addition, the presence of these medicinal compounds in the environment leads to the development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that potentially threaten the functioning of the ecosystem and human health. Then, the occurrence and the ways of their entry into the environment, as well as the negative effects of antibiotics on the environment and human health, were surveyed. Finally, the topics related to their fate and management and risk assessment of antibiotics in the environment were studied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

264 - Investigating the Relationship between Management Knowledge and Management Jihadi with Resistive Economy
Davoud Hoseinpour Ramin Sadeighi

The Emphasizes revolution leader on the categories Resistive Economy, Jihadi Management and Knowledge-based economy In recent years, Clearly indicates the importance of these topics in the path of the revolution. The purpose of this study is to investigating the relatio More

The Emphasizes revolution leader on the categories Resistive Economy, Jihadi Management and Knowledge-based economy In recent years, Clearly indicates the importance of these topics in the path of the revolution. The purpose of this study is to investigating the relationship between knowledge management and jihadi management with resistive economy. The aim of this study is applied research the data collection method is descriptive and in terms of the relationship between variables is correlation type. In this study, knowledge management and jihadi management as independent variables and resistive economy is determined as the dependent variable. Dimensions of jihadi management, knowledge management and Resistive Economy, using existing theoretical foundations of selected and a questionnaire to collect data among 60 entrepreneurs and industrialists Professor Hashtroudi Industrial Estate, located in the city Hashtrood distributed, used. For data analysis Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling was used. The analysis results show that there is a significant and positive relationship among knowledge management and jihadi management with resistive economy. Also Jihad Management, the main processes responsibility, Observe piety, Working culture And Work Conscience, Higher correlation with the Resistive Economy Compared to Knowledge Management showed. According to the research results, The main and sub hypotheses of the research were confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

265 - Investigating Resistance of Employees to Organizational Changes (Case Study: Energy Novin Industries Development)
Hamid Sepehri Asil Keyvan Shahgholian

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of employees' resistance on organizational changes, and the main hypothesis is: employee resistance affects organizational changes.The statistical population of the population is 450 people. Therefore, using the Co More

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of employees' resistance on organizational changes, and the main hypothesis is: employee resistance affects organizational changes.The statistical population of the population is 450 people. Therefore, using the Cochran formula, 207 experts from the company are developing new energy engineering company. This research is a descriptive and survey data collection method using the questionnaire tool. And it's time-consuming. According to the number of statistical population of this research, the persons available in this research have been used for research.Also, in order to investigate the validity and reliability of the hypotheses and relations between the variables of the research, the "Structural Equation Model", and in particular the path analysis technique, was used using the LISREL software. According to the research model, in the case of significant numbers Since the obtained value of t in all hypotheses is outside 1.96, the results indicate confirmation of the effect of employees' resistance on the level of change perception, emotional commitment, structural change, range and severity of change. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

266 - Effect of power resources managers with employee resistance to organizational change) Case Study of Administrative and Financial Department of the Central Organization of Islamic Azad University (
Mohammad Reza Imani

With the rapid advancement of science and technology and the complexity of the political and social environment, the need to create and manage organizational change is important. The growing trend to organizational changes needed to improve knowledge and skills and enco More

With the rapid advancement of science and technology and the complexity of the political and social environment, the need to create and manage organizational change is important. The growing trend to organizational changes needed to improve knowledge and skills and encourages organizational development. Managers know more about their theories of business, learning to use new technologies, empowerment in adaptive skills and creative thinking strategies and openness can become leaders of change. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of power resources managers with employee resistance to organizational changes in the department is the administrative headquarter of the Islamic Azad University. The study was a descriptive survey and The population consists of all financial and administrative staff of the Central Organization Department, Islamic Azad University, the number is 480. Morgan used to estimate the sample size table farmers have been obtained for a sample size of 214 people. Standardized questionnaire to collect data from the power source /087 and a questionnaire reliability, impact on employee resistance reliability power supplies /073 are used. Also to analyze the research questions of descriptive and inferential statistics, including single-group t-test and Duncan's software is used by spss. The results of this study indicate that power management has an impact on employee resistance to organizational change. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

267 - Compare the psychological profile, life satisfaction and coping strategies in wives of Martyrs, veterans with PTSD, and prisoners of war
Aboalghasem Sadeghi Mohsen Jadidi Mohammad Mahdi Shamsaie

This study was designed to investigate and compare the psychological profile, life satisfaction and coping strategies in wives of PTSD Veterans, POW Veterans and martyrs of Tehran Province.  According to nature and subject of the research this is and applied study; More

This study was designed to investigate and compare the psychological profile, life satisfaction and coping strategies in wives of PTSD Veterans, POW Veterans and martyrs of Tehran Province.  According to nature and subject of the research this is and applied study; and due to the variables manipulation it classified as non-experimental casual-comparative and ex post facto studies.  Cluster sampling used to select 344 participants from the families of the veterans which assigned in 3 groups; the participants then administered SCL-90- R, Coping strategies inventory, and Life satisfaction questionnaire. Recruited data analyzed in two section of descriptive and inferential statistic.  Results showed that although the subjects have psychological profile in most of the subscales, there was no significant difference among the groups; also there was no significant difference among the groups on GSI. While life satisfaction of the participants were low, there was no significant difference among the groups. There was significant difference on avoidant coping response and emotion-oriented coping style of the groups; but there was no significant difference on cognitive coping response and problem-oriented coping style of the groups. The finding showed the low levels of mental health and marital satisfaction in all three groups that the allocation of psychological, cultural, social services and programs can be helpful in improving the situation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

268 - Evaluation of Reaction of Some Cultivars and Genotypes of Tomato to Early Blight Disease
R. Hajianfar A. Zarbakhsh

The reaction of 21 tomato varieties and genotypes to alternaria blight were evaluated in greenhouse and field conditions. Genotypes and varieties were inoculated with of this pathogen artificially in both experiments. After inoculation, disease characteristics such as d More

The reaction of 21 tomato varieties and genotypes to alternaria blight were evaluated in greenhouse and field conditions. Genotypes and varieties were inoculated with of this pathogen artificially in both experiments. After inoculation, disease characteristics such as disease index, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), percent of dried flower and yield in the field and disease index, percent of infected leaves and surfaces of blight on leaves in greenhouse were recorded. Results of greenhouse experiment showed that varieties and genotypes including Super 2270 King stone, Kallgi and 8403 had the least infection to disease. On the other hand, Imperial variety and 8406 genotype exhibited the highest amount of infection. Varieties in the field experiment, including Super 2270, King stone, Early urbano VF, and 8402 genotype, showed the least infection and genotypes like 8405, 8406, 8407 and Peto early ch variety had the highest amount of infection. In both experiments Super 2270, King stone and Early urbano VF varieties were found resistant to be this pathogen, but 8402 genotype was resistant only in the field and 8403 genotype and Kallgi variety were resistant only under greenhouse condition. Soria variety showed a considerable disease spot in both experiment but could produce the highest means of yield about 91.64 ton/ha. in the field, compared to other varieties and genotypes. Hence it is assumed to be the tolerant variety. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

269 - Study on Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.) Landraces Under Supplementary Irrigation and Rainfed Conditions
Manouchehr Farzi Khoshnood Alizadeh Mousa Arshad

Lallemantia iberica is an annual, herbaceous and drought tolerant plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, which is cultivated for its seeds. Diversity of 12 dragons head landraces were studied for phenotypic and genotypic variations using agro-morphological traits and some More

Lallemantia iberica is an annual, herbaceous and drought tolerant plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae, which is cultivated for its seeds. Diversity of 12 dragons head landraces were studied for phenotypic and genotypic variations using agro-morphological traits and some drought tolerance indices. Field study was conducted in the spring of 2013 as a randomized complete block design with three replicates in Maragheh. Results of analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference among the studied landraces for all agro-morphological traits under study between the experimental sites. Combined analysis for grain yield showed that there were significant differences between the experimental sites. The average grain yields were in the range of 730 to 1380 kg.ha-1 under complementary irrigated condition and from 360 to 680 kg.ha-1 under rainfed conditions. Kalibar and Nazarlo landraces for all parameters were highly drought tolerant. Cluster analysis grouped these populations into three distinct clusters. The results also indicated that plant height and days to flowering under complementary irrigation and main branches under rainfed conditions exhibited highest correlations with seed yields. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

270 - A sociological Study of Resistance Economy: A Qualitative Research
Nayyer Mohammadpour Mohammad Abbaszadeh

10.30495/jss.2020.585800.1141

Today, each country is subjected to both domestic and foreign threats. In order to cope with these conditions, the countries choose a set of solutions that are appropriate to the governing structure. In 2013, the concept of resistance economy was introduced in Iran. Aft More

Today, each country is subjected to both domestic and foreign threats. In order to cope with these conditions, the countries choose a set of solutions that are appropriate to the governing structure. In 2013, the concept of resistance economy was introduced in Iran. After a few years since the introduction of this concept and the existence of a series of ambiguities in its implementation, this paper attempted to assess the views of the Graduate studies of Tabriz University on the concept, the causes, the consequences of its failure as well as the solutions. This research was a qualitatively one and the were collected through the interview. The findings show that the opposition to the teachings of capitalism, globalization and the necessity of interaction with the world, the need for the Islamic economy, the lack of a common sense horizon and international sanctions against Iran are among the causes of offering the concept of resistance economy. The core concept of this research, " Economy in Shadow " emphasizes that the lack of links to the global economy, the lack of education of people and authorities, the erosion of institutional trust and ignorance can have psychological, social, economic, and international consequences, and it will be only a discourse and will not be operationalized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

271 - Sociology of resistance economics for designing in Iran education curriculum
Narges Keshtiaray Mustafa Emad Zadeh Abolfazl Yazdani

The purpose of this study is to validate a curriculum based oncomponents of resistance economy for education in Iran, which was doneby qualitative method (synthesis research). The field of research is allarticles and texts related to the components of resistance economi More

The purpose of this study is to validate a curriculum based oncomponents of resistance economy for education in Iran, which was doneby qualitative method (synthesis research). The field of research is allarticles and texts related to the components of resistance economics, whichis obtained from electronic databases and selected by purposeful sampling.The information analysis method was open coding, axial and replacement.Findings at the first stage indicated that, components of reforming thepattern of consumption, relying on internal capacities, securing strategicitems and self-sufficiency, the people-centered resilience of the economyare appropriate for setting curriculum in education. One of the identifiedcomponents, using the synthesis method, was explained in such a way thatthe concepts and subcomponents of each of the basic components ofresistance economy are presented in the form of tables. At the third stage,using the content validity coefficient method, the components that wereable to integrate into the educational system were identified. With regardto the concepts and sub-components associated with the extractedcurriculum, it is suggested that a resilient economy based on curriculum bedesigned in order to achieve the objectives of the resistance economy ineducation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

272 - The Role of Qassem Soleimani's "Proxy Resistance" Strategy in the Withdrawal of Military Forces America from the Region
Morteza Mahmoudvand Kayhan Barzgar Ibrahim Mottaghi

This article investigates that how the “proxy resistance” strategy of Major General Qasem Soleimani has led to the weakening of the U.S. oriented political-security trends, ultimately providing the grounds for the gradual withdrawal of U.S. military forces f More

This article investigates that how the “proxy resistance” strategy of Major General Qasem Soleimani has led to the weakening of the U.S. oriented political-security trends, ultimately providing the grounds for the gradual withdrawal of U.S. military forces from the areas of the axis of resistance. The hypothesis of this article is that with creation of a network of Iran’s friendly militia forces in the region and their overt and covert operations against the U.S. traditional hegemonic trend, commander Soleimani was able to heighten the costs of the direct presence American forces on the grounds in the West Asia region. Indeed, the U.S. inability to manage the regional crises in the post-conflict situation and its failure in the designated state-building projects has caused the weakening of U.S. role in the crises field of the region. This geopolitical development, has led to the inefficacy of the U.S. traditional role and influence over regional political groups in forming and continuing coalitional governments, subsequently providing the opportunity for opposing with the U.S. military presence in the host countries. To examine this hypothesis, the authors apply the defensive realism theory that considers the countries’ reaction to the threat in time of crisis based on increasing their relative security. The authors use historical-analytical method to conduct this research. Field and qualitative observations have also impacted the degree of authors’ understanding of this concept. In the end, this article concludes that the proxy resistance strategy of general Soleimani has weakened the position of the U.S. in world politics and before its regional allies, and this development has enhanced the regionalism trend in the West Asia region in favor of Iran. Manuscript profile

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273 - a
حمید محمد میرزایی نبی اله دهقان

a

a Manuscript profile

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274 - a
علی قاسمیان

a

a Manuscript profile

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275 - a
Javad Shamsi Ali akbar jafari

a

a Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

276 - aa
ghafarzarei zarei

aa

aa Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

277 - Effect of feeding by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a probiotic, in contrast with salinity stress and on intestinal histology in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry
M. Pooramini A. Kamali A. Hajimoradloo R. Ghorbani M. Alizadeh

            Improvement of growth and resistance against the environmental stress is one of the main functions of probiotics. In this study, the strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. elipsoidous was tested as a pr More

            Improvement of growth and resistance against the environmental stress is one of the main functions of probiotics. In this study, the strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. elipsoidous was tested as a probiotic in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry (163±26.27mg) during 25 days after yolk absorption. The yeast was added to the diet plates in three levels (1, 5, 10% w/w) and with three triplications. Besides, a treatment with cod oil (without yeast) was used and the results were compared with that of control group. The yeast effect on rainbow trout fry mortality was not significant along the rearing period. Histological finding showed no difference in the treatments too. Challenging with different levels of salinity after 24 hours showed that treatments contained yeast as a probiotic had 100% survival (p>0.05) and showed significant differences with cod oil treatment (without yeast) and control (p<0.05). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

278 - The Jurisprudential Study of the Legitimacy of “al-Kharaj be al-zaman” Rule and Its Importance in the Economic Resilience Based on the Imam Khomeini's Viewpoints
shahla molavi Faezeh Moghtadai Abdolmajid SHeykhi

10.22034/ijrj.2023.702567

Jurisprudential rules form the basis of our country's civil law. Accordingly, In this paper, while studying the “al-Kharaj be al-zaman” rule using a descriptive-analytical method, its legitimacy is confirmed by ensuring that the issue of the narration is fro More

Jurisprudential rules form the basis of our country's civil law. Accordingly, In this paper, while studying the “al-Kharaj be al-zaman” rule using a descriptive-analytical method, its legitimacy is confirmed by ensuring that the issue of the narration is from a Massoum (AS) due to the existence of similar narratives to the rule, the practice of earlier jurisprudents and non-contradiction with jurisprudential principles. Because this narrative is damaged in the Shiite sources but is well-known in Sunni sources as a Fatwa reference. On the other hand, the difference between the latter and earlier jurisprudents views about the acceptance of a weak hadith clearly reveals the change in the criterion of a weak hadith for the earlier and latter jurisprudents. Because the earlier have considered the confidence in issuing hadith from a Massoum (AS) as the criterion of authenticity. The rule states that the profit is subordinate to the property of a commodity, and the guarantor of a commodity will be profited from the benefits. The concept of “Zaman” in the rule includes two different views. In this paper, while discussing both views, the importance of the aforementioned rule in the economic resilience and the role of taxation in providing economic security are addressed according to Imam Khomeini's governmental sight to the rule. Obviously, the emergence of the emerging issues necessitates the importance of achieving jurisprudential rules in the context of time and place. Manuscript profile

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279 - Presented in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance Investigation of the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches of the isolates
Seyed erfan Hoseini nasab najmeh vahed dehkordi Ebrahim Rahimi

10.30495/jfh.2023.1992348.1413

Nowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacter More

Nowadays, due to the existence of different occupations, it is not possible to cook food for all the people of a society, and most of the people have turned to using ready-made foods, which, in addition to all its advantages, can be a source of They are important bacterial contaminations that cause the spread of gastroenteritis. In this regard, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Arcobacter, Pseudomonas, Campylobacter and Bacillus cereus in sandwiches offered in Qom city and the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. 120 samples, including 30 samples of samosas, salads, traditional chicken nuggets, traditional hamburgers from the supply centers of Qom city, were randomly separated and transported to the food hygiene laboratory of Shahrekord Azad University along with ice flasks to prevent secondary contamination. The standards were evaluated. The results showed that Arcobacter 28.83%, Pseudomonas 16.65%, Bacillus cereus 23.35% and Campylobacter 14.75% were the highest and lowest contamination rates for Arcobacter and Campylobacter respectively. The highest level of resistance to antibiotics was related to Bacillus cereus with 78.56% and the lowest resistance was related to Campylobacter with 53.7%. Therefore, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of street food to a minimum, and in case of gastroenteritis caused by food contamination, the use of antibiotics should also be minimized. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

280 - Salmonella and Escherichia coli contamination in samosas presented in Sistan and Baluchestan province and antibiotic resistance of isolates
M.A. Heidarzadi M. Rahnama M. Alipoureskandani D. Saadati A. Afsharimoghadam

10.30495/jfh.2021.1938582.1323

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are major food contaminants. The presence of these microorganisms in food and their entry into the human body cause gastroenteritis. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination of Salmonella and E. coli&nb More

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are major food contaminants. The presence of these microorganisms in food and their entry into the human body cause gastroenteritis. This study aimed to evaluate the contamination of Salmonella and E. coli in samosas presented in Sistan and Baluchestan province and the antibiotic resistance of the isolates. A total of 104 samples, including mushroom, chicken, meat, and vegetable samosas, were randomly obtained from different regions of Sistan and Baluchestan province. The results showed that 45 (43.3%) and 13 (12.5%) were contaminated with Salmonella and E. coli, respectively. Salmonella isolates had the highest resistance to ampicillin (77%), imipenem (59%), and ciprofloxacin (41%). In the case of E. coli, the highest resistance was observed in imipenem (77%), ampicillin (46%), and tetracycline (38%). It was concluded that the prevalence of Salmonella and E. coli in samosas presented in Sistan and Baluchestan province was so high. Therefore, training food staff for observing hygienic principles in all stages is essential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

281 - Investigating the prevalence, genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of Clostridium difficile in local and industrial chicken and turkey meat in sales centers of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province.
akbar ansariyan barezi Amir Shakerian ebrahim rahimi zahra esfandiyari

10.30495/jfh.2023.1993402.1415

Clostridium difficile is an obligate anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium with a length of 3-5 micrometers and most important enteropathogens in humans and livestock. Antibiotic use has been introduced as one of the most important risk factors in the spread of this diseas More

Clostridium difficile is an obligate anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium with a length of 3-5 micrometers and most important enteropathogens in humans and livestock. Antibiotic use has been introduced as one of the most important risk factors in the spread of this disease. Antibiotics such as amoxicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin, linozoid, metopenem, metronidazole, amoxifloxacin, penicillin, pyracillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin have been introduced as common cases of "nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection". The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Clostridium difficile bacteria as a possible new foodborne pathogen in 300 domestic and industrial chicken and turkey meat samples in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces. The samples were grown in CDMN agar culture medium after an enrichment step to isolate Clostridium difficile. To determine the characteristics of the toxin, tcdA and tcdB genes were identified through multiplex PCR. The antibiotic sensitivity of these isolates was monitored based on the MIC test. The results showed that the highest prevalence was related to native chicken meat (5.6%) and the lowest prevalence was related to industrial turkey meat (1%). The genes responsible for the production of tcdB and tcdA toxins were observed in all Clostridium difficile isolates. Also, the highest resistance was related to erythromycin (14.85%) and the lowest resistance was related to vancomycin (97.38%). According to the isolation of two main genes causing hospital infection in clinical environments in the present study, the establishment of health systems in relation to the storage of the studied meats is necessary.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

282 - Prevalence of contamination of sandwiches with pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic resistance of isolates in Kermanshah city, Iran.
Mohammad amin Heidarzadi Nadia Ayazi Najmeh Vahed dehkordi Mohsen Karami Sayedeh Khadijeh Ahmadi Seyed Erfan Hoseini nasab

10.30495/jfh.2024.1993294.1414

Meat products are one of the suppliers of human food needs, and like other food products, they have special nutritional values. If these products are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, they cause gastroenteritis in humans. The purpose of the present study is t More

Meat products are one of the suppliers of human food needs, and like other food products, they have special nutritional values. If these products are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, they cause gastroenteritis in humans. The purpose of the present study is the prevalence of contamination of sandwiches with pathogenic microorganisms and the antibiotic resistance of isolates in Kermanshah, Iran. A number of 210 samples, including ready-made sandwiches, sauces and salads, were taken from the supply centers of these products and transferred to the laboratory of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and according to the standard instructions, to identify the microorganisms of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Clostridium, coliform, Mold and yeast, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica were evaluated. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The results showed that the highest contamination was related to mold and yeast (83.64 percent), Staphylococcus aureus (42.71 percent), Salmonella (32.1 percent), and Escherichia coli (27.8 percent). Clostridium perfringens (13.3), Yersinia enterocolitica (5.25) and Bacillus cereus (3.94). Also, the results showed that the most contaminated food items are salad (43.81 percent), sauce (42.38 percent), traditional hamburger (36.48 percent), samosa (32.85 percent), falafel (24.28 percent), respectively. percent), sausage (24.12 percent) and sausage (13.9 percent). The high and alarming prevalence of bacterial contamination as well as the antibiotic resistance of isolates in sandwiches is a warning to apply accurate and quick health monitoring to these products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

283 - Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in traditional Kouzeh cheese at Saqqez retails
سیما Khalifezadeh M.H Sadeghi zali M.R Nahaee

   Staphylococcus aureus is proposed as the third important foodborne organism worldwide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of in traditional Kouzeh cheese at Saqqez retails and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. More

   Staphylococcus aureus is proposed as the third important foodborne organism worldwide. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of in traditional Kouzeh cheese at Saqqez retails and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. For this purpose, 100 Kouzeh cheese were collected from different parts of Saqqez. The samples were analyzed for the presence of S. aureus using conventional culture techniques. Afterwards, the pattern of antibiotic resistance of the isolates was investigated against 12 antibiotics using the disk diffusion’s method. According to the results, S. aureus was detected in 41 samples (41%). Amongst, only one of the isolates was found sensitive to all of the 12 antibiotics. In contrast, one of the isolates showed resistance to 9 antibiotics. Other isolates demonstrated various degrees of resistance (2 to 8 antibiotics). Regarding the high prevalence rate of contamination in Kouzeh cheese, application of efficient heat treatments of cheese-milk together with the and maintaining the hygiene conditions during cheese preparation is essential. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

284 - Contamination rate, antibiotic susceptibility profile, biofilm formation and presence of TSST-1 gene in Staphylococcus aureus isolates
K. Ebrahimzadeh S. Hanifian

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and traditional dairy products of West-Azerbaijan Province and also to evaluate the presence of TSST-1 virulence gene, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of the isolates. Using More

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and traditional dairy products of West-Azerbaijan Province and also to evaluate the presence of TSST-1 virulence gene, antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of the isolates. Using stratified random method, a total of 80 raw milk and traditional dairy products (including traditional cheese, cream and curd) together with 20 nasal swab samples of the dairy products’ manufacturers were collected. S. aureus strains were isolated and identified by conventional culture methods. Afterwards, the isolates were subjected to PCR analysis to detect the presence of TSST-1 gene. According to the findings, 35% of the samples were contaminated by S. aureus. Moreover TSST-1 gene was recognized in 1 cheese and 2 swab samples. Antibiotic resistance profile revealed that most of S. aureus isolates were resistant towards vancomycin, penicillin, and methicillin and sensitive towards co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, rifampin, oxacillin, and cephalothin. Moreover, 2.85%, 17.15%, and 80% of the isolates were capable to form high, moderate and low amounts of biofilm. High occurrence of S. aureus in milk and dairy products which harbor TSST-1 virulence gene, and the strains that demonstrated resistant to several antibiotics and capable of biofilm formation, could be considered a health threat to the consumers of these products.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

285 - Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes in Koozeh cheeses of Urmia retails
B. Abbasinejad مسلم Neyriz-Nagadehi Nagi Taher Talatappeh

   Koozeh cheese is of the local traditional cheeses of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan areas of Iran, and this cheese has high consumption among the people of these regions. Listeria monocytogenes is a food borne pathogen, and because of its growth at refrigeration More

   Koozeh cheese is of the local traditional cheeses of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan areas of Iran, and this cheese has high consumption among the people of these regions. Listeria monocytogenes is a food borne pathogen, and because of its growth at refrigeration temperatures has great concern in public health. In the present research, prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes in Koozeh cheeses of Urmia retails was surveyed. Moreover, antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was studied. One hundred samples of Koozeh cheese were collected randomly from Urmia retails in the spring of 2013. Samples were cultured in L-PALCAM Listeria selective enrichment broth with supplement. The enriched samples were transferred to PALCAM Listeria selective agar with antibiotics. For the identification of Listeria species, specific biochemical tests were performed. Antibiotic susceptibility of L. monocytogenes isolates was determined by disk diffusion method using penicillin G, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin. Among the 100 tested samples, L. monocytogenes was isolated from 3 of the samples. Antibiogram results showed that all L. monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to the tested antibiotics. However, tetracycline, penicillin and erythromycin were shown larger diameter of inhibition zone than the others. Although the prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes in Koozeh cheeses was low, its capability to growth in refrigerator conditions along with the pathogenicity of the bacterium to humans, hygienic production and distribution of these cheeses are recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

286 - Prevalence and antibiotic profile of Escherichia coli in traditionally made ice cream in retails of Khoy
حامد Molaabaszadeh مسعود Molaazadeh نادر Hajizadeh نادر Mohammadzadeh Gheshlaghi

   Escherichia coli is among the most important intestinal foodborne bacterial pathogens. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of E. coli in traditionally-made ice creams at retails of Khoy city. Moreover, the antibiotic profile of the is More

   Escherichia coli is among the most important intestinal foodborne bacterial pathogens. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of E. coli in traditionally-made ice creams at retails of Khoy city. Moreover, the antibiotic profile of the isolates was investigated. For this, during April to September 2012, 150 ice cream samples collected from markets and confectionery shops. The samples were analyzed for the presence of E. coli. Afterwards, the antibiotic susceptibility and resistance of the isolates was evaluated on 10 different antibiotic using Kirby-Bauer test.According tothe results, 31.33% (47.150) of the samples were found positive for E. coli. The results of antibiogram test indicated that the highest level of sensitivity was determined for ceftizoxim (80.85%), ciprofloxacin (78.73%), and ceftriaxone (74.47%), respectively. In contrast, the most resistance antibiotics were amoxicillin (95.74%), oxacilin (82.98%), kanamycin (61.7%), respectively. The results revealed that the prevalence of E. coli, as the indication of fecal contamination, in traditionally made ice cream in Khoy retails and the antibiotic profile of the isolates were noticeable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

287 - Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in raw milks of Saqez
M.T Farajpour M.H Sadeghi zali مهدی Ghiamirad

Staphylococcus aureus is considered as a major foodborne pathogen worldwide which can contaminate milk either through mastitis or unsuitable processing conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in raw milk of Saqez as well as to asse More

Staphylococcus aureus is considered as a major foodborne pathogen worldwide which can contaminate milk either through mastitis or unsuitable processing conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus in raw milk of Saqez as well as to assess the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates. For this reason, 100 raw milk samples were obtained across Saqez. Presence of S. aureus was determined using conventional culture method; moreover, the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates was studied by disc diffusion method. Results indicated that 51 samples were contaminated by S. aureus. Amongst, 19 (37.25%) were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic, 19 (37.25%) to 2 antibiotics, 3 (5.88%) to 3 antibiotics, 5 (9.80%) to 4 antibiotics, 3 (5.88%) to 5 antibiotics, 1 (1.98%) to 6 antibiotic and 1 (1.98%) isolate was found resistant to 8 antibiotics. Results revealed a high prevalence rate of S. aureus in raw milks and also the board antibiotic resistance of the isolates Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

288 - Detection of coliform bacteria, determination of phylogenetic typing and antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli in qanats and springs of East-Azerbaijan province
N. Shabani Lokarani J. Shayegh J. Sadeghi Z. Mousavi

Escherichia coli as a fecal contamination and is considered as an index in water. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli and antibiotic resistance of the isolates collected from qanats and springs in East-Azerbaija More

Escherichia coli as a fecal contamination and is considered as an index in water. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of E. coli and antibiotic resistance of the isolates collected from qanats and springs in East-Azerbaijan province. For this purpose, 118 samples were selected from above mentioned area and examined by MPN method. The positive coliform samples were identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Afterwards, to determine the genetic diversity of E. coli isolates, phylogenetic typing we conducted by means of multiplex PCR. To determine the antibiotic resistance profile, antibiotic discs of Nalidixic Acid, Co-trimoxazol, Amoxicillin, Gentamaicin Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Imipenem, Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime antibiogram were used. Based on results, 48% of the samples were evaluated as positive for coliform including 40% for E. coli and 19% for Klebsiella. Amongst 23 isolates confirmed as E. coli by PCR. Phylogenetic typing revealed  that 44% of E. coli strains belonged to type D and B2 and 56% belonged to A and B1 phylotypes. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern showed that 92% of E. coli isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin. All E. coli isolates were sensitive to Imipenem. It was concluded that presence of pathogenic E. coli with high rate of antibacterial resistance in waters source could be considered as a human health hazard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

289 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistant of Campylobacter spp. isolated from different stages of sheep slaughterhouse
امیر Shakerian ابراهیم Rahimi سیامک Kazemi

Campylobacter jejuni/coli are frequent causes of diarrhea in humans worldwide originating in foods of animal origin mainly from meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in lamb at different stages of the slaughter line including: More

Campylobacter jejuni/coli are frequent causes of diarrhea in humans worldwide originating in foods of animal origin mainly from meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in lamb at different stages of the slaughter line including: after-skinning, after evisceration and the end of slaughter process. A total of 150 lamb samples (50 samples per each stage) were collected over a period of 16-month between January 2006 and May 2008, and were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter spp. According to the results, Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 11.3% (17/150) of the carcasses from the three sampling stages. Among the isolates, 76.5% were identified as C. jejuni and 23.1% as C. coli. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 5%, 8% and 4% of carcasses during the stages of after-skinning, after-evisceration and the end of slaughter process, respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility of 17 isolates were determined for ten different antibiotics using the disk diffusion assay. Results revealed that 58/8% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 47/1% of the isolates to nalidixic acid, 41/2% to tetracycline, 29/4% to enrofloxacin, 23/5% to ampicillin, 5/9% to amoxicillin, and 5/9% top streptomycine. None of the isolates was resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamicine. This study emphasizes the application of a preventive system such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points) for the control of Campylobacter contamination in slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

290 - Determination of serogroup and antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonellas isolated from commercial laying poultry of Tabriz area
Mokhtar Sabeghy Younes Anzabi

10.30495/jvcp.2019.666733

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Using a variety of antibiotics is the key to reducing the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections. However, incorrect use of antibiotics in commercial poultry farms may lead to the emerg More

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Using a variety of antibiotics is the key to reducing the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections. However, incorrect use of antibiotics in commercial poultry farms may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and consequently inadequate antimicrobial drugs. Also, the transfer of antibiotic-resistant strains to humans through the food chain could also be a public health threat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the serogroup and antibiotic resistance pattern in Salmonella isolates from 8 commercial laying herds in Tabriz area. For this purpose, after isolation of Salmonella from different samples, the isolates were tested by specific antisera and then their antibiotic resistance pattern was determined using disk diffusion method (based on Kirby-Bauer method) against the 6 types of antibiotics used in the poultry industry in Iran (Enrofloxacin, Fluorphenicol, Fosphomycin, Lincospectin, Soltream and Doxycycline) and 6 types of antibiotics used  in humans (Gentamicin, Co-amoxiclav, Ciprofloxacin, Cefalexin, Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone). From the 96 tested samples, 16 isolates of Salmonella were identified with 10 isolates belonging to serogroup D but 6 isolates did not belong to any of the tested serogroups. Also, all isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin and Fosfomycin and the highest resistance was observed towards Doxycycline with an abundance of 83.35%. The relatively high prevalence of drug resistance among Salmonella isolates from commercial laying poultry showed that antibiotics should be administered with more caution and care. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

291 - Evaluation of antibiotic resistance patterns and the presence of spvR virulence gene in salmonella isolated from the liver and ovary of industrial layer farms in East Azarbaijan province
amir allahyari Hossein Nikpiran Younes Anzabi

10.30495/jvcp.2020.1873299.1239

Infection with salmonella bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry that can cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. SThe aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance in salmonella infected layer flocks of East Azarbaijan More

Infection with salmonella bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry that can cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry. SThe aim of the current study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance in salmonella infected layer flocks of East Azarbaijan province and to determine the presence of spvR virulence gene in isolated samples. A total of 200 liver and ovary samples were taken from 45 salmonella suspected flocks and cultured in selective and differential growth medium of salmonella. Antibiogram test to determine antibiotic sensitivity was done following isolation of bacteria.  PCR was used to determine the presence of spvR gene with specific primers. The results indicated all isolates were resistant to Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole, and the highest antibiotic resistance was against Doxycycline 94.3%, Danofloxacin 92.6% and Florfenicol 91.7%. Also, the highest sensitivity was against Fosfomycin 94.7%, and Enrofloxacin 74.2%. Results of molecular tests indicated that the spvR gene was present in the majority of layer flocks of East Azarbaijan province (in 88.46% of isolated salmonella). According to the results, it is necessary to prevent the spread of salmonella contamination amongst the laying hens in order to improve the poultry industry and the health of human communities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

292 - Evaluating the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella isolated from a number of laying poultry flocks in the northwest of the country during 2021 and investigating its relationship with the performance of the mentioned farms
Zahra Mahdavi Adel Feizi younes anzabi

10.30495/jvcp.2023.1968910.1387

Infection with the Salmonella genus of bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry leading to significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated f More

Infection with the Salmonella genus of bacteria causes chronic and acute diseases in poultry leading to significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated from a number of laying poultry flocks in the northwest of the country and to investigate its relationship with the performance of those farms. Eighty samples were taken from 20 flocks suspected of salmonellosis .The samples were cultured in selective and differential cultures of Salmonella. After isolation of Salmonella serotypes, the antibiogram test was performed to determine the antibiotic sensitivity. In order to check the performance of suspicious flocks, the history of the flock was obtained and the amount of mortality and production drop was calculated by statistical methods.The results indicated that 40% of the flocks were positive in terms of the presence of Salmonella, with 30% of the flocks affected by Salmonella gallinarum, 5% by Salmonella enteritidis, and 5% by concurrent presence of both Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum. The highest antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella serotypes was recorded from fosfomycin and danofloxacin with a frequency of 100% and soltrim with a frequency of 78.6%. The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin with a frequency of 75% and chlortetracycline with a frequency of 53.6%. Based on the results, there was a statistically significant difference in  the amount of flock mortality and production drop between Salmonella negative and Salmonella positive herds (p<0.05). Also, more vigilant use of antibiotics is required due to the high levels of resistance shown by Salmonella against various antibiotic drugs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

293 - Determining drug resistance patterns of Clostridium perfringens isolates from acute necrotic enteritis (NE) outbreaks
حسین Nikpiran بهرام Shojadoost S.M Peighambari

     In this study, after separating 40 Clostridium perfringens isolates from affected broiler flocks, the antibacterial susceptibility test revealed 39 drug resistance patterns in which 95% of the isolates were distributed into 38 different patterns (one More

     In this study, after separating 40 Clostridium perfringens isolates from affected broiler flocks, the antibacterial susceptibility test revealed 39 drug resistance patterns in which 95% of the isolates were distributed into 38 different patterns (one isolate in each pattern) and only 5% of the isolates were placed in a single pattern (two isolates in a pattern). All 40 Clostridium perfringens isolates demonstrated resistance to chloramphenicol, vancomycin and sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprime, ranging from 0 to 17.5% while tetracycline, lincomycin and neomycin sulfate had a high level of resistance from 80 to 87.5%. Also an isolate demonstrated multiple resistance to more than 14 antibacterial compounds.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

294 - Serotyping and antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated Salmonella from broiler chickens in Ahvaz
Ramezan Ali Jafari Masoud Ghorbanpoor Taghi Zahraei Salehi mansour Mayahi mostafa Gholipour Azar

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Antimicrobial therapy is an important tool in reducing both the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections, but the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms can lead to the emerge More

Salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases. Antimicrobial therapy is an important tool in reducing both the incidence and mortality associated with Salmonella infections, but the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms can lead to the emergence of resistance and inefficacy of antimicrobials. Moreover, transmission of the resistant strains to humans through food chain could be a menace to public health. This study was conducted to determine serogroup and antibiotic resistancepatterns of Salmonella isolates recovered from 25 broiler chicken farms in Ahvaz. All isolates were examined for serogroup using commercial antiserum, and for resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics in poultry (enrofloxacin, florfenicol, fosfomycin, lincospectin, sultrim and doxycycline) and humans (gentamicin, amoxiclav, ciprofloxacin, cefalexin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The Salmonella isolates belonged to serogroups B (two isolates), C (three isolates) and D (45 isolates). Out of 50 isolates, 24 (48%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. All isolates were sensitive to florfenicol, sultrim, cephalexin and ceftriaxone. The highest and lowest rates of resistance were observed against lincospectin (36%) and amoxiclav (2%), respectively. The high prevalence of resistant salmonellae among broilers indicates that the administration of antimicrobial drugs has to be made with more caution. Conflict of interest: None declared Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

295 - The attitude of Azad University Professors and Staffs towards effective Strategies for Reducing Resistance to Changes.
Jahanbakhsh Oorak Eisa Darvishpour

the present study  tries to  find remedies to reduce people's resistance against the changes and innovations  from the view point of the faculty members and staffs in Islamic Azad university of Izeh. This is a descriptive study, and data gathering tools a More

the present study  tries to  find remedies to reduce people's resistance against the changes and innovations  from the view point of the faculty members and staffs in Islamic Azad university of Izeh. This is a descriptive study, and data gathering tools are researcher made questionnaire "Factors that reduce resistance to changes" that has a reliability coefficient of 89/0 using Cronbach Alpha method. For analysis of data, T-test (one samplet Test) was used. The result  shows that from the view point of the faculty members and staffs in Islamic Azad university of Izeh, paying attention to Their feelings, consulting  with them, trusting in them and empowering them could reduce their resistance  against changes, so the university chairmen must provide the necessary contexts and requirements before any changes in the system in order to achieve their goals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

296 - سبک زندگی به منزله نوعی مقاومت(مطالعه موردی جوانان شهر دزفول)
منصور وثوقی نسیم خواجه زاده

گرچه سبک‌زندگی، مجموعه‌ی عملکردهای روزانه‌ی‌کنشگران‌اجتماعی است که در بستر زندگی روزمره‌ی آنها جاری می‌شود، اما نه تنها سبک‌های زندگی در حال نوشدن و افکندن طرح‌هایی دیگر است، بلکه همین سبک‌ها مجالی می‌شود برای به چالش کشیدن نظم مستقر و بازسازی معنا. تحقیق حاضر در پی وا More

گرچه سبک‌زندگی، مجموعه‌ی عملکردهای روزانه‌ی‌کنشگران‌اجتماعی است که در بستر زندگی روزمره‌ی آنها جاری می‌شود، اما نه تنها سبک‌های زندگی در حال نوشدن و افکندن طرح‌هایی دیگر است، بلکه همین سبک‌ها مجالی می‌شود برای به چالش کشیدن نظم مستقر و بازسازی معنا. تحقیق حاضر در پی واکاوی این امر در شهر دزفول از روش پدیدارشناسی هرمنوتیک و ابزار مصاحبه عمیق بهره گرفته‌است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد، کنشگران اجتماعی منفعل نیستند و به گونه‌ای فعالانه به‌دنبال راه‌های بدیلند و با سبک‌های زندگی خود در جریان زندگی روزمره، راهی برای مقاومت می‌یابند. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

297 - The Effect of Eight Week of Resistance Band Training on Premenstrual Syndrome in Nonathletic Teenage Girls
Forouzan Esmaielzadeh Nasibe Kazemi Maryam Kasraeian

10.30495/varzesh.2021.1940379.1022

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the process of periodic occurrence of a set of physical and mood-behavioral disorders in women in the first few days of menstruation that adversely affect their fertility, mental health and social life and uncomplicated perio More

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the process of periodic occurrence of a set of physical and mood-behavioral disorders in women in the first few days of menstruation that adversely affect their fertility, mental health and social life and uncomplicated period follows after those first few days. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with elastic bands on premenstrual syndrome in inactive adolescent girls.Materials and methods: In this semi experimental study, 40 inactive adolescent girls with premenstrual syndrome were selected and randomly divided into two groups of resistance training with elastic band and control. Resistance training with elastic band was performed in 3 sessions of 45 minutes per week for eight weeks. Subjects were assessed using the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Questionnaire (PSST) in the pre- and post-test stages. To analyze the findings, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), paired t-test and Tukey's post hoc test  were used(P≤ 0.05).Findings: The results showed that before the intervention there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in terms of demographic characteristics and PMS symptoms (P≤ 0.05), but after the intervention, PMS symptoms in the resistance training group with elastic bands compared to the control group in terms of mood-behavior (7.61 ± 2.31 vs. 15.84 ± 3.65) and physical (6.35 ± 1.09 vs. 14.72 ± 1.38) decreased significantly (P <0.05).Conclusion: Eight weeks of elastic band resistance training appears to reduce the severity of PMS symptoms in adolescent girls. Therefore, it seems that elastic training can be used as a favorable treatment approach for non-athlete adolescent girls with PMS. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

298 - This study investigated the The effect of eight weeks of resistance training and glutamine supplementation on some hematological factors and maximum strength of male athletes
mohsen tavakoli

10.30495/varzesh.2022.1942734.1025

AbstractThis study investigated the The effect of eight weeks of resistance training and glutamine supplementation on some hematological factors and maximum strength of male athletes. For this purpose For this purpose 24 men at Mashhad were selected on a voluntary basis More

AbstractThis study investigated the The effect of eight weeks of resistance training and glutamine supplementation on some hematological factors and maximum strength of male athletes. For this purpose For this purpose 24 men at Mashhad were selected on a voluntary basis and according to research requirements through recall informed of the study, that were placed in three groups of eight persons including Control group and placebo group and glutamine group. Resistance training included: 8 moves, 3 sets, 8 to 10 repetitions, with 60% intensity, one maximum repetition and more than 75% incremental. Subjects consumed their supplement and medication 3 days a week. Statistical analysis of the data using the software SPSS version 21 was carried out by Repeated measures and Tukey test at the significant level P>0/05. The findings indicated a significant increase in neutrophil levels, blood lymphocyte and maximal power through resistance training and glutamine consumption, but Resistance training alone could not make significant changes in the factors. Therefore, it is recommended that the coaches, along with the setting of a resistance training program for athletes, also use glutamine supplementation to enhance the ability to exercise, by increasing some of the blood factors leading to the improvement and strengthening of the immune system.Key words: Resistance exercises, neutrophils, lymphocytes, maximal power Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

299 - The Effect of Eight- Weeks Aloe Vera Consumption and Aerobic Training on Serum Vaspin, Glucose and Serum Insulin in Women with Type 2 Diabetes
Amir Maleki Shahin Riyahi Malayeri Talie Eghbali

10.30495/varzesh.2021.1947789.1029

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

300 - The effect of 8 weeks of resistance training and ginger supplementation on serum glucose of women with type 2 diabetes
abdolmajid emami Afsana Honardan

10.30495/varzesh.2023.1969356.1045

Purpose:The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of resistance training and ginger supplementation on the serum glucose level of women with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, among women with type 2 diabetes in Yazd city, 48 people with an age range of More

Purpose:The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of resistance training and ginger supplementation on the serum glucose level of women with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, among women with type 2 diabetes in Yazd city, 48 people with an age range of 25-60 years were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 people (control, exercise, supplement, exercise and supplement).The training schedule of each training session is 60 minutes, including warm-up (10 minutes of soft running, stretching and kinetic movements), resistance exercises with gym equipment (40 minutes) and cooling down (10 minutes of flexibility and stretching movements), supplementary group (every day 1600 mg of ginger rhizome powder or placebo (1 capsule of 800 mg before lunch and 1 capsule of 800 mg before dinner) and the exercise and supplement group did both. The samples were taken 24 hours before the start of the exercise in a fasting state at 10- Blood was taken at 8 am. After the end of 8 weeks, blood was taken again 24 hours after the end of the training program. To analyze the data, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data, then the dependent T test to compare the results within the group and the variance analysis test. The method was used to examine the results between groups. Findings:The results of the research showed that a period of resistance training alone and combined with the use of supplements significantly improves the serum glucose levels of women with type II diabetes, but the use of ginger supplements has no effect on the women's serum glucose levels. Does not have type II diabetes.Conclusion: The results showed that a period of resistance training alone and along with the ginger supplement reduces the serum glucose level of patients with type II diabetes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

301 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training with Vitamin D Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-15 in Overweight Women
shadi afshar bahram abedi

10.30495/varzesh.2021.1926495.1014

Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome, which may increase the benefits of exercise. The current study was to examine the effect of eight weeks resistance training with vitamin D consumption on Interleukin 1 More

Introduction: Vitamin D plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome, which may increase the benefits of exercise. The current study was to examine the effect of eight weeks resistance training with vitamin D consumption on Interleukin 10 & 15 in overweight women. Materials and methods: In semi an experimental study carried out by pre-test and post-test, 60 overweight women aging between 20 to 35 were selected  in 4 groups: resistance training, vitamin D consumption, resistance training with vitamin D consumption and placebo. Subject Blood sampling was collected in pre- test and post- test phases after 8 weeks of training. The training protocol consisted of 8 weeks of resistance training, which was held three sessions per week. Participants in two groups of daily vitamin intake consumed 1 unit of vitamin D in capsules (at night and before going to bed). Participants in the placebo group also received a placebo from lactose. Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance with repeated measures (p < 0.05). Findings: Resistance training and resistance training along with vitamin D significantly reduced interleukin-6 and increased interleukin-15 in overweight women. Other results showed a greater effect of resistance training with vitamin D compared to the resistance training alone in reducing interleukin-6 and increasing interleukin-15 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that overweight and obese women using vitamin D combined with resistance training may be able to prevent the inflammatory stress caused by moderate exercise and its aftermath. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

302 - The Effect of Using L. Thymus vulgaris Honey after a Resistance Circular Training Session on Cerulopasmin, Muscles Damage Markers, Lactates and Insulin in Young College Men
Ahmad Abdi jalal zaman asieh Abbassi Daloii

10.30495/varzesh.2021.1922065.1007

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of using L. Thymus vulgaris honey after a resistance circular training session on cerulopasmin, muscles damage markers, lactates and insulin resistance in young college men. Materials and methods: 18 young co More

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of using L. Thymus vulgaris honey after a resistance circular training session on cerulopasmin, muscles damage markers, lactates and insulin resistance in young college men. Materials and methods: 18 young college men were randomly divided into three groups: control-water, control-honey and training-honey. Control-honey and training-honey groups were fed honey immediately after training. Control- water group at the same time, consuming 5 ml water. The circular resistance training included 10 minutes warming, 12 station (%351-RM) and 5 minutes cool down. Blood sampling was taken in 5 steps. Data was analyzed by using ANOVA with repeated measurement at the significance level of p < 0.05. Findings: The Result showed significant difference in the level of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in control-honey and training-honey group from the first to the fifth stage (p < 0.05). The greatest difference (increase) was in the third stage between the groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma Ceruloplasmin, total Creatin Kinase, CK MB, CKBB and LDH (P≥0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of research, Honey consumption did not prevent inflammatory factors after resistance training and increased insulin resistance index. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

303 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on the Quality of Work Life and Body Composition in Female Physicians
azita bordbar vahid rafiee amin rayat

10.30495/varzesh.2021.1941889.1024

Introduction: Quality of work life refers to the satisfaction of employees with different needs through resources, activities and the results of being at work. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the quality of wo More

Introduction: Quality of work life refers to the satisfaction of employees with different needs through resources, activities and the results of being at work. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the quality of work life and body composition in female physicians. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 female general practitioners referring to Shiraz Guard Sports Club were selected as the statistical sample and were divided into training and control groups. The training group performed resistance training for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Also, the control group had only their daily activities during this period. Before training and 24 hours after the last training session, body composition was measured by the body composition device and quality of work life by the Walton Quality of Life Questionnaire. Shapiro-Wilk, independent and dependent t-tests were used to analyze the findings (P≥0.05). Findings: There were significant differences in changes in total body water (P=0.27), protein mass (P=0.24), mineral mass (P=0.09), net body mass (P=0.97), fat mass (P=0.84) and no quality of work life (P=0.23) was seen in the training and control groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusion: It seems that the resistance training protocol of the present study does not have a significant effect on improving the quality of work life and body composition of physicians. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

304 - The effect of resistance training with different intensities on liver enzymes levels in patients with fatty liver: The case for Ahvaz disciplinary force staff
Abbas Khalili Masoud Nikbakht Mohsen Ghanbarzadeh Sedigheh Karampour

10.30495/varzesh.2022.1961184.1037

Introduction: Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver enzyme disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training with different intensities on liver enzymes levels in patients with fatty liver who were working as disciplinary More

Introduction: Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver enzyme disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training with different intensities on liver enzymes levels in patients with fatty liver who were working as disciplinary force staff in Ahvaz, Iran.Materials and methods: Participants in this study were patients with fatty liver in age range of 30-50 years who were working as disciplinary force staff in Ahvaz, Iran. Out of 200 patients diagnosed with fatty liver, 30 volunteers were selected and studied in this study. The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 subjects, including: 1. High-intensity resistance training 2. Moderate-intensity resistance training, and 3. Control group. Using blood sampling, the levels of AST, ALT and ALKp enzymes were measured in the laboratory at the beginning and end of 8 weeks of resistance training. Data normalization was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Also, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post hoc test were used to examine the differences between the three groups. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 18 at a significance level of 0.05 (α = 0.05).Findings: The results showed that high intensity resistance training had a significant effect on AST, ALT and ALKp enzymes (P ≤ 0.001). On the other hand, moderate intensity training had a significant effect on AST and ALT enzymes (P ≤ 0.001), while this type of training had no significant effect on ALKp levels (P ≤ 0.099). Conclusion: Both moderate and high intensity resistance training can improve AST, ALT and ALKp enzyme levels; however, high-intensity resistance training seems to play a more prominent part. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

305 - The effect of resistance exercises and medicinal plants on muscle atrophy
Soheil Abdollahi Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Maqsood Peeri Saleh Rahmati

10.30495/varzesh.2023.1997746.1069

Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the most common muscle disorders that severely reduces the quality of life. Regular physical activities, especially resistance exercises, are one of the most important non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment o More

Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the most common muscle disorders that severely reduces the quality of life. Regular physical activities, especially resistance exercises, are one of the most important non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy. By increasing anabolic hormones, resistance training inhibits protein degradation signaling pathways and activates protein synthesis signaling pathways and reduces muscle atrophy. Many medicinal plants can also reduce muscle atrophy by inhibiting the signaling pathway of protein degradation and activating the signaling pathway of protein synthesis. Turmeric, tribulus terrestris, rice bran and ginseng are examples of medicinal plants that can inhibit muscle atrophy. According to the common mechanisms of resistance training and medicinal plants on the process of muscle atrophy, the results of studies show that these two interventions prevent muscle atrophy, especially in the conditions of skeletal muscle wasting diseases, by affecting the signaling pathway of muscle protein synthesis and degradation. do These two interventions in combination with each other have a synergistic effect and strengthen each other's effect. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants along with resistance exercises is an efficient way to maintain muscle mass. Manuscript profile

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306 - The Acute Effect of Concurrent Resistance and Repeated Sprint Exercise on Circadian Rhythms of Thyrotropin and Thyroxine in Active Male
Shirin Zilaei Bouri Shahla Dehghan Ghahfarokhi Omid Rahimi BabaAhmadi Ahmad Savaedi Esmaeil Sharafi Mooliz

10.30495/varzesh.2023.1986494.1054

Background: Thyroid hormones are essential for normal body growth. So investigating on the acute effects of physical activity on these hormones is of utmost importance. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of resistance and sprint exercise on the thyro More

Background: Thyroid hormones are essential for normal body growth. So investigating on the acute effects of physical activity on these hormones is of utmost importance. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the effects of resistance and sprint exercise on the thyrotropin and thyroxine hormones in active men. Methods: Ten volunteers' active males (mean age: 26.1 years, height 176.40 cm, body weight 97.78 kg) participated in two sessions at one-week intervals in resistance (RE) and resistance-repeated sprint (RRSE) exercise programs. The exercise was performed at 4 pm by performing two squat and lift exercises for RE (7 sets of 6 repetitions with 80% maximum repetition) and 6 repetitions of 20 meters speed for RSE. At each session, eight times of blood sampling was implemented at an interval of one hour before the exercise to 20:00 and 24 to 3 at midnight. Findings: Data analysis showed that the effects of RE and PRSE in some hours on the secretion of thyrotropin showed significant differences, but not on thyroxine. The level below the 24-hour curve in comparison to the two sessions of physical activity also showed that the PRSE compared to the RE resulted in the release of more thyrotropin (P=0.0001) and thyroxine (P=0.0001).Conclusion: It seems that resistance-repeated sprint appears more metabolic needs in the body that may be a way to increase metabolism and loss weight, as well as confirms the need for an adequate recovery period after these combined activities. Manuscript profile

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307 - Comparison of three training methods of working with weights, aerobics, TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city
sama zarei Ghobad Hassanpour marya rahmanighobadi

10.30495/varzesh.2023.1976182.1062

Obesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are st More

Obesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are still of interest to researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare three methods of aerobic exercise, traditional resistance and TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city. In this applied research, 24 women with an age range of 27 to 32 years and a weight range of 60 to 65 kg were selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into groups of (1) aerobic exercise, (2) resistance exercise and (3) exercise TRX were split. Then, the subjects of each group performed the selected exercises for three sessions a week and each session lasted 40 to 60 minutes during the eight-week period. Body fat percentage, mineral mass, body protein mass, body water percentage and net body mass were measured in the pre-test and post-test of the research by BOCAX1 body composition evaluation device made in South Korea. It seems that the three methods of training did not have a significant difference in changing the body composition of women; Also, the factor of time and the number of training sessions along with daily calorie evaluation have been very important factors in the results of this research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

308 - The Effect of Aerobic Training with Royal Jelly Consumption on Insulin Resistance of Rats with MS
Abdolhamid Mosalla nezhad Farzaneh Taghian Khosro Jalali Dehkordi Seyed Hosseini

10.30495/varzesh.2022.698090

Introduction: Although the beneficial role of exercise and antioxidants in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported, the interactive effect of aerobic training (AT) and royal jelly (RJ) consumption on insulin resistance is still not well known. Therefore, the aim of th More

Introduction: Although the beneficial role of exercise and antioxidants in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported, the interactive effect of aerobic training (AT) and royal jelly (RJ) consumption on insulin resistance is still not well known. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of of ET and RJ consumption on insulin resistance of MS rats.Materials and methods: In this experimental trial, 49 female Sprague-Dawley rats of EAE model weighing 180-210 gr were divided into seven groups based on their motor disability, including (1) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), (2) sham (Sh), (3) 50 mg /kg of royal jelly consumption (RJ50), (4) 100 mg /kg of royal jelly consumption (RJ100), (5) aerobic training (AT), (6) AT+RJ50, and (7) AT+RJ100. In order to investigate the effects of EAE on the variables, 7 healthy rats were included in the healthy control group (HC). AT was performed for five weeks, four sessions per week at a speed of 11-15 m/min for 30 minutes, and RJ was injected intraperitoneally with the determined dose daily. To analyze the findings, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used (P≥0.05).Findings: Insulin resistance levels in the RJ50, RJ100, ET, ET+RJ50 and ET+RJ100 groups were significantly lower than the EAE group (P=0.01).Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training combined with royal jelly consumption has a synergistic and favorable effect on improving insulin resistance in rats with MS. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

309 - Potential Measurement and Estimation of Wind Power Characteristics for Energy Generation (Synoptic Stations of Mazandaran Province)
Rayhaneh Baayramvand Sadroddin motevalli Gholam Reza Janbaz Ghobadi Khabat Derafshi

Recently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of manage More

Recently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of managers and researchers. Current study has been done with the aim of spatial capability of wind energy in Mazandaran Province with emphasis on its topography. In order to initially estimate the energy that can be obtained from wind flow in the province, the necessary calculations were performed on wind direction and velocity data over a period of 12 years. Statistic data of 15 synoptic meteorological stations in the province at a height of 10 meters were used to collect daily wind speed and direction data. After calculating the average wind speed, wind speed continuity and wind power density in the meteorological stations, layers of each were prepared at heights of 10, 30 and 50 m using interpolation in ArcGIS software environment. The 50-meter-high wind speed zoning map in Mazandaran Province shows that among the study stations, Baladeh station with an average monthly wind speed of 5.98 meters per second at a height of 50 meters, has a maximum wind speed of 7.78 meters per second in July. This station experiences wind speeds of more than 6 meters per second for about 7 months of the year (April to October), especially during the warmer months of the year. This station also has the highest wind power density (WPD) with 51, 142 and 228 watts per square meter respectively at a height of 10, 30 and 50 meters above the ground. Also, the station has the highest amount of electrical energy output in Mazandaran Province with an average annual wind power of 58.4 kW, amount of electricity generated annually about 511452 kWh per year and network capacity of 17.7%. Therefore, this area is a suitable place in Mazandaran province for installing wind turbines and constructing wind power plant to generate electricity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

310 - وطن در شعر مقاومت معاصر فلسطینی
محمدرضا عزیزی‌پور مسعود باوان پوری نرگس لرستانی

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311 - تاثیر پیش تیمار اسمزی بذور کرفس بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه تحت تنش شوری
شهناز فتحی اعظم سیدی

10.30495/jsr.2022.1939549.1219

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312 - بررسی تعدادی از ژنوتیپ‌های برنج در مقابل تنش سرمایی در مرحله جوانه‌زنی
پیمان شریفی

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313 - An evaluation of fungus Piriformospora indica effects on some morphophysiological traits of valerine under drought stress
Mehdi Ghabooli Sheida Lorestani Zahra Movahedi Rouholah Karimi

We designed a set of comparative experiments to study the impact of inoculation with different inoculum of P. indica (non-inoculated, inoculated with spore and mycelium of P. indica) on some morphophysiological traits of Valeriana plant under different drought stress le More

We designed a set of comparative experiments to study the impact of inoculation with different inoculum of P. indica (non-inoculated, inoculated with spore and mycelium of P. indica) on some morphophysiological traits of Valeriana plant under different drought stress levels [Filed capacity (F.C.) and 50% F.C.]. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The results indicated that P.indica increased the biomass of inoculated plants compared with control plants in different levels of drought stress, as in inoculated plants under drought stress total shoot and root dry weight were increased by 37% and 14%, respectively. Under stress conditions, physiological traits like as total chlorophyll (24%), total phenol (14%), carbohydrate (4.3 times), protein (17%) and proline (2.1 times) were increased in inoculated plants. Beside, inoculation with fungus decreased ionic leakage by 38%. According to the results, it seems that valerian is also one of the hosts of this fungus and potential effect of fungus on increasing of growth and stress tolerance provide further investigation of the effect of fungus on increasing of medicinal ingredient. Manuscript profile

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314 - Inhibitory effect of different plant growth regulators on blue mold disease in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
Mansureh Keshavarzi Saeid Mirzaei Masoud Ahmadi-Afzadi

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most economically important crops which is widely used either as fresh fruit or as processed foods. Apple fruit is usually introduced to the markets after a storage period of several months. This makes it important to More

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is one of the most economically important crops which is widely used either as fresh fruit or as processed foods. Apple fruit is usually introduced to the markets after a storage period of several months. This makes it important to protect fruits against the post-harvest diseases specially in organic production. Blue mold (Penicillium expansum) is one of these diseases, which due to spreading very fast in storage and producing a carcinogenic compound, called patulin, is of particular importance. In the present study, the impact of methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, beta-aminobutyric acid, and carbocyclic acid sprayed was investigated on blue mold. Apple fruits of 10 cultivars were surface sterilized and inoculated with spores of fungus, and then were treated with the plant growth regulators. The fruit firmness, softening rate and lesion decay were evaluated. Data were analyzed in a factorial design with two factors i.e., cultivar and plant growth regulator in a completely randomized design in R software package. The impact of hormones was significant on controlling the blue mold, and three plant growth regulators, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and beta-amino butyric acid had the greatest inhibitory impact on the disease. Carboxylic acid and abscisic acid had contradictory impacts on different cultivars, and did not result in significant impacts in some cultivars. The results of this study can be used in the breeding programs in order to help better understand plant disease mechanisms. They can also be applied as a practical method to control blue mold in apple. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

315 - Evaluation of resistance and biochemical responses of different varieties of tomato to Dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.)
Asieh Siahmarguee Fakhtak Taliei Mahtab Yazdandost

10.30495/iper.2022.690250

Dodder is a one of the major parasitic weeds in the world. Dodder infestations reduce crop yield and increase harvesting costs. Different methods have been suggested to control of dodder, but none of them have been able to control these plants reliably. It seems that us More

Dodder is a one of the major parasitic weeds in the world. Dodder infestations reduce crop yield and increase harvesting costs. Different methods have been suggested to control of dodder, but none of them have been able to control these plants reliably. It seems that using resistant varieties is the best option to achieve this goal. In this study, resistance of 15 varieties of tomato to dodder infection (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Among these varieties, two susceptible and resistant varieties (Supra Urbana and Super Chef, respectively) were selected and catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, total phenolic compound, proline, flavonoid and soluble sugars was evaluated at different times after infection (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 240 Hours). The results showed that dodder infection increased the enzymes concentration (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase) compared to the non- infection treatment. Also, the amount of these enzymes in resistant cultivar were higher than susceptible cultivar. Variety and sampling time affected on total phenol content, proline, flavonoids and soluble sugars. Total phenolic compound and flavonoid levels increased after attaching the dodder to the tomato and reached its highest level at 240 h after attachment. This results indicates the induction antioxidant defence system in tomato under dodder infection. The results of this study show that contamination of tomato with dodder induces the immune system in this plant. Given that it is not possible to perfect control of parasitic weeds without crop damage, it can be very useful to know the defence mechanisms by which cultivars resistant to parasitic plants stand. Manuscript profile

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316 - Screening different cold-resistant sugarcane (Saccharum ssp. L) genotypes using morphological and biochemical indices
mahmoud fouladvand asa ebrahimi mehdi rahaei vahid Shariati joni

10.30495/iper.2021.686565

Sugarcane is cultivated in different parts of the world up to a latitude of about 32 degrees north and south. The resistance of this plant to cold is low. Considering the sensitivity of sugarcane to cold, in order to identify the pathways and genes by differential expre More

Sugarcane is cultivated in different parts of the world up to a latitude of about 32 degrees north and south. The resistance of this plant to cold is low. Considering the sensitivity of sugarcane to cold, in order to identify the pathways and genes by differential expression in sugarcane cultivars during cold stress and employ them in sugarcane plant breeding programs, 454 sugarcanes were investigated using morphological and biochemical indices, in the Research Farm of Khuzestan Sugarcane Research Institute following the incidence of -1.2 ℃ temperature in the region in December 2015. In the first stage, the cold-tolerant or sensitive cultivars were selected using morphological indices. In the second stage, biochemical indices such as proline and malondialdehyde were measured in the tolerant cultivars (selected at the first stage) after a cold stress period in 2016, which showed increases in comparison with susceptible cultivars. According to the data obtained at the two stages, two cultivars, namely BR00-01 and TUC66-107, were identified as the most tolerant and sensitive to cold, respectively. Based on the results of morphological studies, the cultivars with a higher tolerance to cold stress were also hose with higher proline and MDA levels in the biochemical study stage compared with the sensitive cultivars. There was also a high correlation between morphological traits and biochemical indicators in terms of cold resistance. Therefore, by measuring morphological and biochemical indices, it is possible to determine to a large extent the type of reaction of a sugarcane cultivar to cold stress before doing molecular analysis and spending huge sums of money, and to select superior clones when sifting sugarcane clones at different breeding stages. Manuscript profile

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317 - اثر اسیدسالیسیلیک بر برخی شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی دو ژنوتیپ نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) در مواجه با تنش خشکی
رضوان رمضان نژاد مهرداد لاهوتی علی گنجعلی

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318 - بررسی اثر هورمون آبسیزیک اسید بر افزایش تحمل خشکی گیاه علفی رستاخیزی Sporobolus stapfianus Sporobolus pyramidalis در مقایسه با گیاه علفی و غیررستاخیزی
هوشنگ امیریان حمیدرضا قاسمپور مه لقا قربانلی سکینه ونایی حمید رضا قاسمی

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319 - بررسی مقایسه‌ای تغییرات سطح برگ و برخی فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی برگ دو گیاه درختی کنوکارپوس (Conocarpus erectus L.) و جمبو (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.) در اطراف منطقه آلوده صنایع فولاد اهواز
شکوفه انتشاری معصومه ارس خلجی سید منصور سید نژاد جمیل واعظی

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320 - Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of Capsicum spp. extracts on the Multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains
امیر Shariati حمیدرضا Pordeli آی ناز Khademian مرجانه Aydani

Resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have now been described globally, as significant pathogens, particularly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, including abscesses, cellulitis and furunculosis. Novel antimicrobial products and new methods to combat More

Resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have now been described globally, as significant pathogens, particularly associated with skin and soft tissue infections, including abscesses, cellulitis and furunculosis. Novel antimicrobial products and new methods to combat this problem are urgently needed. Pepper has been used since ancient times not only for increasing the flavor of foods, but for its preservation and medical properties. This study was designed to assess the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of two pepper species, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, against clinical strains of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. After the isolation of 56 strains of S. aureus from nosopharyngial of hospitalized patients, antibiotical resistance of them was determined by Kirby-Bauer method. Then fourteen multidrug-resistant strains were selected and antibacterial effects of the ethanolic extracts of two Capsicum species were evaluated by disc-diffusion method. Results showed that both extracts were effective on most of the bacteria, but Capsicum frutescens extract had approximately higher inhibition than Capsicum annuum extract, with maximum inhibition zone 12mm against strain of S. aureus that was resistant to four antibiotics including Cefixime, Tetracycline, Methicillin and Oxacillin. This study shows that peppers, like antibiotics or even better than them, have an antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. Also the results obtained from this study support the idea of proposing the use of Capsicum extracts as a natural antibacterial agent in the treatment of infected diseases and other diseases that are insensitive to drugs. Manuscript profile

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321 - Presenting a Model for Evaluating and Monitoring the Policies of Institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Resistance Economy Area
Ehsan Mahdavi Sanjar Salajegheh Masoud Pourkiani Saeed Sayadi Alireza Arabpour

10/jtihr.2023.1975316.1117

Iran's statesmen and economists have always focused on economic development. Given the nuclear issue and different approaches in the international arena toward Iran and sanctions, Iranian economists have tried to present a local model called resistance economy to get ou More

Iran's statesmen and economists have always focused on economic development. Given the nuclear issue and different approaches in the international arena toward Iran and sanctions, Iranian economists have tried to present a local model called resistance economy to get out of the current situation. Thus, the present study aims to provide a model for evaluating and monitoring the policies of institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the resistance economy area. The present study uses an "exploratory" approach and a "grounded theory" method. Ten politicians of the approved policies of the Islamic Council (representatives of the Islamic Council in ten periods) and scientific experts were interviewed. Then, the data obtained from the interviews were collected and coded. The model was presented using MAXQDA software. The developed model includes two sections, including enablers and outcomes. The enablers include 5 criteria of "strategic management", "trust in the policymakers’ capability and plans", "balanced development of inputs and outputs of “the science and technology system", "factors involved in the implementation and realization of the policy, and "Infrastructure". The outcomes include the criteria of "perceived outcomes", "performance outcomes" and "financial outcomes". Given the dimensions of the resistance economy model (strategic management, trust in the policymakers’ capability and plans, balanced development of inputs and outputs of the planning system, factors involved in the implementation and realization of the policy, and infrastructure), the components of the system of evaluating, monitoring of the realization of resistance economy policies (in-group and institutional collectivism, independence, and attention ). Manuscript profile

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322 - وعاظ و جنبش مقاومت تبریز(عصر استبداد صغیر)
دکترغلامحسین زرگری‌نژاد جواد سخا

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323 - مجاهدان و مقاومت تبریز
دکتر سهراب یزدانی

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324 - The effect of a period of resistance, endurance and high-intensity interval training on insulin resistance in obese diabetic Wistar rats.
vahideh Riyahi Hassan Morovvati Amir KHosravi

Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this study was the effect of a period of HIIT resistance training on insulin resistance in obese diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 diabetic and healthy obese rats (230±16 grams) we More

Introduction and purpose: The purpose of this study was the effect of a period of HIIT resistance training on insulin resistance in obese diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 diabetic and healthy obese rats (230±16 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups. 10 groups were divided into 1- control (no training) 2- intense HIIT interval training 3- aerobic training (traditional resistance) with moderate intensity 4- moderate resistance training 5- intense resistance training. The training groups participated in a 12-week resistance and aerobic training program with 5 sessions per week, and the control group did not participate in any training program. Serum insulin was measured by the ELISA method and according to the standards of the commercial kit (Demeditec Diagnostic insulin) ELIZA made in Germany. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that after 12 weeks of training, the serum insulin of subjects in different training groups (endurance, resistance with medium and high intensity, intense interval) was significantly lower than the healthy group (P=0.001) and higher than the diabetic group. (P=0.001) was. Conclusion: Exercise training (endurance resistance and intense interval) increases serum insulin levels in type 2 diabetic obese male rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

325 - Effect of resistance training with two different intensities on the amount of myostatin and folicatin and the ratio of folinatcin to myostatin in young women
parasto roshandel ali yaghoubi

20.1001.1.27834603.1400.1.1.5.8

Materials and Methods: for this purpose, twenty young women in the age group 20 to 30 selected in sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups and And performed resistance training and TRX. The training program for both training groups was circular exercises with More

Materials and Methods: for this purpose, twenty young women in the age group 20 to 30 selected in sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups and And performed resistance training and TRX. The training program for both training groups was circular exercises with three sessions per week for eight weeks. The main training was performed in seven circular stations including: squat, leg press, chest press, leg extension, shoulder, arm back, arm forward in both training groups. Exercise intensity initially started at 40-50% 1RM and increased at week 5 and 6 with 60-70% 1RM. Stage 4: After eight weeks of resistance training and TRX.Findings: the results showed that Serum levels of myostatin and folistatin decreased and increased after eight weeks of resistance training, respectively, but these changes were not significant in the TRX training group. Eight weeks of resistance training and TRX had no significant effect on folistatin / myostatin ratio in young women. There was also no significant difference between the groups in the post-test compared with the serum levels of myostatin, folistatin and the ratio of folistatin to myostatin.Conclusion: according to the findings of this study it can be concluded that Resistance training can stimulate myostatin and folistatin gene expression in human specimens. The results of this study can be used as a kind of exercise intervention in rehabilitation programs and bodybuilding exercises in young disabled people. Manuscript profile

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326 - The effect of a period of resistance, endurance and HIIT training on serum glucose index in obese diabetic Wistar rats
vahideh Riyahi Hassan Morovvati Amir KHosravi

Background and Purpose: The aim of the present study was the effect of a high-intensity, endurance and intermittent HIIT resistance training course on serum glucose index in obese diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 diabetic obese More

Background and Purpose: The aim of the present study was the effect of a high-intensity, endurance and intermittent HIIT resistance training course on serum glucose index in obese diabetic Wistar rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 diabetic obese rats (230 ± 16 grams) were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10: 1- control (no exercise) 2- intense HIIT interval training 3- aerobic training (traditional endurance) ) were divided by moderate intensity, 4- moderate resistance training, 5- intense resistance training. The training groups participated in a 12 weeks resistance and aerobic training program with 5 sessions per week, and the control group did not participate in any training program. Glucose concentration was measured by glucose oxidase colorimetric method. The data were analyzed using the statistical method of one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that after 12 weeks of training, the subjects of different training groups (endurance running, moderate and high intensity resistance, intense interval) had significantly lower serum glucose than the control group (P=0.001). Conclusion: Sports training (endurance, resistance and intense interval running) reduces serum glucose in type 2 diabetic obese male rats, there was a slight difference in the reduction of serum glucose between different training groups, but this difference was not significant. Manuscript profile

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327 - The effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women
keyvan hejazi

20.1001.1.27834603.1400.1.1.3.6

Background and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In t More

Background and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 overweight women were randomly assigned to control (n=12) and experimental (n=12). The program training include: 80-90 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks participate in continuous-resistance. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after training session. To make intra and intergroup comparisons t-test for dependent and independent samples were used. Results: Levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly, while levels of high-density lipoprotein increased significantly. Body weight and body mass index values decreased significantly at the end of the period.Conclusion: Eight weeks of continuous-resistance training resulted in improved lipid profile and body composition at the end of the training period. Therefore, the results of our research suggest that a continuous-resistance training program can improve the health of overweight women. Manuscript profile

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328 - The effect of six-week resistance training with vascular obstruction on Growth hormone,Strength,Muscular endurance,power and Body fat Percentage in male bodybuilders
Salar Haghiparast Mohammad Reza Fadaei Chafy

the purpose of this research was to compare the effect of resistance training with vascular obstruction on ghrowth hormone, Strength, Muscular endurance, power and body fat percentage in male bodybuilders. For this research twenty-four bodybuilders with at least two yea More

the purpose of this research was to compare the effect of resistance training with vascular obstruction on ghrowth hormone, Strength, Muscular endurance, power and body fat percentage in male bodybuilders. For this research twenty-four bodybuilders with at least two years of training experience and the age average was 25.6 ± 1.9 years and the weight was 79.28 ± 6.28 kg and the BMI was 24.69 ± 1.8 kg / m2 were chosen and were divided into two groups;one group, resistance training with vascular obstruction and the other group, resistance training without vascular occlusion. Both groups performed an exercise program consisting of five sessions per week, two of which were dedicated to training the arm muscles for six weeks. before and after the six weeks training plan a blood test was taken from volunteers;the body fat percentage was also measured with caliper. Muscular strength and endurance were assessed using weights and bodybuilding equipment and hand muscle strength was assessed using the Madison Ball throw test with both hands forward.The results said showed that resistance training with vascular obstruction had significant effect on the muscular endurance of biceps(P=0/005) and triceps(P=0/007) but had no effect on growth hormone (P=0/607), strength(P=0/674), power(P=0/41) and body fat percentage(P=0/382). Due to the fact that increasing strength and muscle volume in bodybuilding is considered by athletes in this popular field, The use of blood flow obstruction is not recommended for athletes with experience in this sport in training design. Manuscript profile

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329 - the effects of one session of intense resistance training on plasma volume and albumin in active girls
Tahereh Bayani shadmehr mirdar harijani

PURPOSE :The aim of this study was to describe the plasma volume and albumin(Al) after intensive resistance exercise in active girls. METHODS : 16 healthy girls subjects volunteered to participate in this study. They divided in 2 groups experimental and control. The exp More

PURPOSE :The aim of this study was to describe the plasma volume and albumin(Al) after intensive resistance exercise in active girls. METHODS : 16 healthy girls subjects volunteered to participate in this study. They divided in 2 groups experimental and control. The experimental group drank 15 ml/ kg body wt at before night and at the morning of the experimental days, but the control group did not drank water. They completed three sets of 5 - 7 repetitions of six exercises at an intensity corresponding to 70-80% one repetition maximum (1RM ). Venous blood samples were obtained before exercise , immediately after exercise and 24h of recovery. RESULTS : Al increase significantly following resistance exercise in control group (p ≤ 0/05).Plasma volume decreased in both groups , but in control group was significant(p ≤ 0/05) after 24h of recovery, plasma volume did not show significant changes (p ≤ 0/05) but Al increase significantly in experimental group (p ≤ 0/05).CONCLUSIONS : It seems that the reduction of plasma volume after intense resistance training will not occur if the athletes receive enough water. Also, 24 hours is considered a suitable time for recovery and compensation of plasma volume. In addition, the increase in plasma albumin during the recovery period is not necessarily associated with an increase in plasma volumeKey word : intensive resistance exercise , Albumin , plasma volume. Manuscript profile

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330 - The effect 8 weeks resistance training on PTP1B expression in Gastrocnemius muscle, insulin resistance and fasting glucose in type 2 diabetic rats
amin boroomand babisan askari Saqqa Farajtabar Behrestaq Amir Taghipour

AbstractBackground and Purpose: This experimental study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle, glucose and insulin resistance in Wistar male's rats with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The populat More

AbstractBackground and Purpose: This experimental study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks resistance training on PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle, glucose and insulin resistance in Wistar male's rats with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: The population consisted of all rats, among which 14 were purchased 10-weeks old rats with a 220 ± 20 g weighing. Then, type 2 diabetes induced by 8 weeks high-fat diet + STZ and divided randomly into resistance training and control groups. Then, the resistance rats participated in 8 weeks resistance training for 5 sessions per week. Fasting glucose, serum insulin and PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle of both groups were measured at 48 hours after last exercise and compared between 2 groups by independent T test. Results: The resistance training improved fasting glucose compared with control subjects. Insulin resistance was significantly increased and PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle significantly decreased in resistance group when compared with control subjects. Conclusion: Based on these data, decreased glucose concentration in exercise group can be attributed to decrease PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle in response to resistance training.Keywords: Resistance training, Gastrocnemius muscle, Type 2 diabetes, PTP1B expression. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

331 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Training Programs of Resistance Stretching and Plyometric Resistance on Hypertrophy (TGF-β1) and Muscle Strength in Female Handball Players
zahra ahmadinia sareh hasani bahram abedi Mojtaba Khansooz

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of resistance stretching and plyometric resistance exercises on TGF-β1 and muscle strength of female handball players.Methods: In this semi-experimental research, which was conducted More

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of resistance stretching and plyometric resistance exercises on TGF-β1 and muscle strength of female handball players.Methods: In this semi-experimental research, which was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design, 36 female handball players in the age range of 18 to 30 years were randomly assigned to three groups of plyometric, stretching and control exercises. Muscle strength measurement and blood sampling were done in two stages, 24 hours before the intervention and 48 hours after the end of the intervention. They commented. The collected data were analized by dependent t-test, covariance and Bonferroni's post hoc test.Results: The results of the study showed that six weeks of plyometric resistance training and stretching resistance training have a significant effect on reducing the serum levels of TGF-β1 and increasing the muscle strength of the upper and lower limbs (P<0.05). Other results showed that there is a significant difference between the plyometric resistance training group and the stretching resistance training group in the levels of TGF-β1, upper and lower limb muscle strength (p<0.05). In addition, the results indicated a greater effect size of plyometric resistance training compared to stretching resistance training on research variables.Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it seems that plyometric resistance training can be more effective in reducing TGF-β1 serum levels and increasing muscle strength in female athletes than stretching resistance training. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

332 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training with a Double and Flat Pyramid Pattern on the Speed, Endurance, Agility and Explosive Power of Untrained Handball Players in the Covid-19
Priya Rashidni Lotfali Bolboli Ebrahim Piri

Introduction and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training with a double and flat pyramid pattern on the speed, endurance, agility and explosive power of non-training handball players in the Covid-19. Mater More

Introduction and purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training with a double and flat pyramid pattern on the speed, endurance, agility and explosive power of non-training handball players in the Covid-19. Materials and methods: This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the present study includes the handball players of Zanjan province who did not exercise for at least 6 months during the Corona era. The statistical sample of this study was randomly selected from among 36 athletes and they were divided into three groups of 12 people (double pyramid group, flat pyramid group and control group). The exercise program of the flat and double pyramid groups was carried out for eight weeks (three sessions per week), respectively, with a training intensity of 60% and 80% of one maximum repetition. Shapiro-Wilk statistical test was used for the normality of data distribution. Correlated t-test and ANOVA were used to compare intra-group and inter-group averages. Results: The results showed that the endurance records of 5000 meters and 4 x 9 meters of untrained handball players decreased by 13.21% and 16.48%, respectively (P/>05). In addition, the explosive power of the subjects during the Sargent jump (in cm) from the pre-test to the post-test stage increased by 15.34% (P=0.021).Discussion and Conclusion: It seems that strength training with a double pyramid pattern has been effective in improving the agility, explosive power of lower limbs and endurance of untrained athletes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

333 - Responses of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1ß) and insulin resistance to a long time aerobic activity in middle-aged smokers
Saqqa Farajtabar Behrestaq

Background and Purpose: Solutions such as exercise interventions will be able to reduce blood glucose levels and improve the inflammatory profile in the presence of continued smoking. The present study was conducted with the aim of the response of pro-inflammatory cytok More

Background and Purpose: Solutions such as exercise interventions will be able to reduce blood glucose levels and improve the inflammatory profile in the presence of continued smoking. The present study was conducted with the aim of the response of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1ß) and insulin resistance to a long-term aerobic activity in middle-aged smokers.Material and Methods: In this semi experimental study, the study sample consisted of 28 middle-aged men (30 to 45 years old) smokers who participated in the present study in an available manner.The experimental group then participated in an endurance training program three sessions per week for 8 weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, blood samples were taken again to measure the dependent variables as well as anthropometric indices (post-test) and were compared by independent and dependent t-tests.Results: 8 weeks of aerobic training with 3 sessions per week improved the determinants of type 2 diabetes and IL-1ß levels in middle-aged male smokers.Conclusion: 8 weeks of aerobic exercise 3 sessions per week is associated with improved determinants of type 2 diabetes and IL-1B levels in middle-aged male smokers. However, serum IL-6 levels did not change significantly in response to aerobic exercise. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

334 - The effect of two different post activation potentiation methods on the explosive power and Sprint Performance of female athletes
BiBi Asieh Kalteh Mofrad reza rezaeeshirazi Ali Mostafaloo

The purpose of this study was the effect of two different post activation potentiation methods on the explosive power and sprint performance of female athletes. Methods: For this purpose, 25 female students of physical education in Bandar Turkmen city were selected to p More

The purpose of this study was the effect of two different post activation potentiation methods on the explosive power and sprint performance of female athletes. Methods: For this purpose, 25 female students of physical education in Bandar Turkmen city were selected to participate in the research. Subjects were divided into five groups [experimental 1 (10 minutes warm-up, parallel squat with 80% 1RM and Sargent test), experimental 2 (10 minutes warm-up, parallel squat with 80% 1RM and speed test), experimental 3 (10 minutes warm-up, depth jump from a height of 40 cm with five repetitions and two turns and Sargent's test), experimental 4 (10 minutes of warm-up, deep jump from a height of 40 cm with five repetitions and two turns of the speed test, with the difference that the speed test after four minutes) and the control group (without exercise program)] were dividedResults: The results within the group showed that the level of explosive power (Sargent's jump) of subjects in the experimental group 1 (12.72 percent), experimental 2 (15.33 percent), experimental 3 (17.44 percent), and experimental 4 (24.00 percent) increased significantly. Also, the intra-group results in the sprinting test of experimental group 1 (13.84 percent), experimental 2 (14 percent), experimental 3 (14.08 percent), experimental 4 (15.55 percent) had a significant decrease, but in the control group the level of explosive power and speed did not change significantly. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the post-activation potentiation exercise program of this research improved the explosive power and sprinting of the athletes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

335 - The effect of eight weeks of resistance training after transplantation of stem cells derived from adipose tissue on some apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors of heart tissue in non-alcoholic fatty liver model rats
Erfan Gholami Seyed Abdollah Hashemvarzi Seyedeh Yasaman Asadi

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic hepatic diseases which may be associated with cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of resistance training after stem cell More

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic hepatic diseases which may be associated with cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of resistance training after stem cell transplantation in fatty liver model rats. Methods: 36 rats were divided into two groups: control (6 rats) and patients with fatty liver (30 rats). The control group used standard food for 6 weeks, while the animals in the diseased groups used high-fat food to induce fatty liver disease. At the end of the sixth week, to confirm the development of fatty liver disease, blood was randomly drawn from the tails of 3 rats. Then the animals of the patient group were randomly divided into 5 groups Saline, Fatty liver, Exercise, Cell, Exercise + Cell. About 1.5 x 106 stem cells for each mouse were injected into the cell receiving groups through the tail vein. The training program consisted of 8 weeks of climbing the ladder. Results: The amounts of Bax and Bcl-2 of the heart tissue decreased and increased respectively in the treated groups compared to the patient group, but these changes were significant only in the exercise group and exercise + cells compared to the patient group. Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is significantly associated with cardiac cell apoptosis. Resistance training after stem cell transplantation decreased the Bax and increased the Bcl-2 in heart tissue. Therefore, it seems that this method can be considered as a therapeutic solution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

336 - بررسی تجربی جوشکاری‌ مقاومتی نقطه‌ای ورق‌های فولادی با ضخامت نامشابه: مشخصه‌‌های دکمه‌ی جوش و رفتار شکست
مجید پورانوری

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Open Access Article

337 - بررسی و مقایسه ویژگیهای سایشی سطح فولاد به سه روش کرم سخت، نیتراسیون گازی و نیتراسیون سطح کرم شده
ع. حسن آبادی م. زارعی

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Open Access Article

338 - Robust Digital image watermarking method using Graph-based transform (GBT) and Genetic Algorithm
Sayed Mohammad Raza Mousavi Alireza Naghsh

Numerous methods have been introduced for digital images watermarking as well as rubosting them. In this method, with using Graph-based transform and extracts the best graph structure with genetic algorithm so that watermarking can be performed with maximum robustness. More

Numerous methods have been introduced for digital images watermarking as well as rubosting them. In this method, with using Graph-based transform and extracts the best graph structure with genetic algorithm so that watermarking can be performed with maximum robustness. One of the common methods in watermarking robustness is the use of discrete cosine transform (DCT). In this study, we have shown that the proposed method is much more powerful than DCT. The proposed method is tested on five different color images such as Lena, Barbara, Boat, Baboon, Peppers. Watermark image (logo) is a random binary image with size 16 x 16 and 8 x 8 pixels. This simulation results show that the proposed method is more robust to similar methods such as discrete cosine transforms. Proposing Watermarking has been evaluated using Bit Error Rate (BER), Structural Similarity Index Measuring (SSIM) and Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) criteria and different strength Gaussian noise attacks, JPEG compression, median filter, bluring, rescaling, rotate and cropping attacks Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

339 - A New Nonlinear Model of Body Resistance in Nanometer PD SOI MOSFETs
Arash Daghighi Azam Askari Khoshuei

In this paper, a nonlinear model for the body resistance of a 45nm PD SOI MOSFET is developed. This model verified on the base of the small signal three-dimensional simulation results. In this paper by using the three-dimensional simulation of  ISE-TCAD software, t More

In this paper, a nonlinear model for the body resistance of a 45nm PD SOI MOSFET is developed. This model verified on the base of the small signal three-dimensional simulation results. In this paper by using the three-dimensional simulation of  ISE-TCAD software, the indicating factors of body resistance in nanometer transistors and then are shown, using the surface potential model. A mathematical relation to calculat the body resistance incorporating device width and body potential was derived. Excellent agreement was obtained by comparing the model outputs and three-dimensional simulation results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

340 - Investigating of linear and nonlinear performance of the simpson strong-tie connection
Ali Ghamari Farzin Ghaffari Leila Hosseinzadeh

10.30495/civil.2023.1892987.1174

After the Northridge earthquake, it was found that the beam-to-column connections in the moment frames were weak and needed to be revised. In recent years, the use of bolted connections have expanded and replaced almost welded connections. The US Code of Conduct (AISC35 More

After the Northridge earthquake, it was found that the beam-to-column connections in the moment frames were weak and needed to be revised. In recent years, the use of bolted connections have expanded and replaced almost welded connections. The US Code of Conduct (AISC358-16) introduced a new connection called the Simpson Connection, a semi-rigid connection with the idea of damage control. Progressive connection is a new and smart type of screw connection that includes a weakened plate, end plate, corner as well as a buckle plate. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the linear and nonlinear behavior of Simpson connectivity using ABAQUS software. The baseline sample was selected from the model outlined in US Code (AISC358-16). To gain a better understanding of the new Simpson junction model, 14 numerical specimens were modeled and the strengths and stiffness of the models were compared. In this connection, the geometry of weeded plate and its performance is important. In so doing, variables such as mid-length, mid-width, initial length, as well as stiffeners were evaluated in the initial length of the weakened plate. The model with a thickness of 30 mm thicker than the other models with respect to the mentioned characteristics, showed acceptable results including anchor tolerance of 1010 kN and energy absorption of 55.53 kN which showed its use in seismic regions. Above is appropriate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

341 - Investigating steel slit dampers behavior in concrete structures
Leila Hosseinzadeh Seyed Majid Alavinia Ali Ghamari Abbas Akbarpour

10.30495/civil.2023.1910683.1197

Iran is one of the most seismic countries in the world. Therefore, strengthening the existing structures is essential. Utilization of dampers in structures presumed as one of the best and common methods in seismic retrofitting. Dampers are components which are mostly us More

Iran is one of the most seismic countries in the world. Therefore, strengthening the existing structures is essential. Utilization of dampers in structures presumed as one of the best and common methods in seismic retrofitting. Dampers are components which are mostly used in increasing the attenuation and reducing the energy of earthquake. It is determined in various researches that dampers can decrease the displacement which is induced by earthquake efficiently. In these cases, the behavior of most components of structures is remained elastic. In this study, the effects of slit steel dampers (SSD) through concrete structures are evaluated. Therefore, four models of SSD were selected as described in follow: 3 single slit, 3 double slit, 5 single slit and 5 double slit in three thickness of 6, 8 and 10 (mm), which are used in concrete frame with single diagonal brace where connected to beam-column. The effects of increasing the number of slits from 3 to 5, from single to double and increasing the thickness were studied. The results show that by increasing the thickness of dampers, the area of force-displacement diagram, rigidity and strength are increased in frames. The frames which consisted with double 3 slit dampers shows better performance than 5 slit dampers. The frames with single 5 slit dampers by 10 mm thickness, decreased by 4.9% in rigidity, in comparison with double samples. Also, It is decreased in rigidity by 2.9% and 7.3% for single and double models, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

342 - The Effect of PVA Fibers and Nano-Particles on the Bonding Strength of Fiber Reinforced Concrete
hossein nematian jelodar Ata Hojatkashani Rahmat Madandoust Abbas Akbarpour Seyed Azim Hosseini

Abstract Repairing and Strengthening of concrete structures is of special importance and the mechanical properties of repair mortars and their compatibility with the base concrete are significant aspects in the field of repairing of damaged concrete structures. The bond More

Abstract Repairing and Strengthening of concrete structures is of special importance and the mechanical properties of repair mortars and their compatibility with the base concrete are significant aspects in the field of repairing of damaged concrete structures. The bond strength parameter of materials is one of the important properties in the selection of repair mortars. In the current Experimental studies, the bond strength of 7 types of cement base mortars consisting Nano-Silica (NS), Micro-Silica (SF) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers have been tested on base concrete according to ASTM C882 standard. The base concrete is made of fiber concrete with a target compressive strength of 45 MPa and consisting macrosynthetic fibers. The workability of fiber concrete was 120 mm, and the method of curing the samples was done as the wet method. The obtained results indicate that all 7 types of repair materials of this research were compatible with the base concrete and the sample with the combination of PVA fibers and Nano-Silica in cement-based mortars has increased the bond strength of the samples by 85% compared to the samples without fibers. The highest bond strength among the samples was related to cement based mortar containing PVA fibers and Nano-silica (PVA0.75NS6) with bond strength equal to 21.83 MPa. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

343 - Investigation of effective parameters on compressive strength, specific electrical resistance and water absorption of lightweight pervious concrete
Shahriar GholaminNoveirsar Morteza Jamshidi Rahmat Madandoust

Pervious concrete is a special type of lightweight concrete with low or even zero slump, which consists of cement, coarse aggregate, a limited percentage of fine aggregate (or no fine aggregate), various chemical and pozzolanic additives. In this article, structural LEC More

Pervious concrete is a special type of lightweight concrete with low or even zero slump, which consists of cement, coarse aggregate, a limited percentage of fine aggregate (or no fine aggregate), various chemical and pozzolanic additives. In this article, structural LECA with a volumetric weight of 750 kg/m3 and a fixed water-to-cement ratio (W/C = 0.3) was used to make lightweight pervious concrete and the effect of different ratios of lightweight aggregate to cement (A/C) including 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3, total porosity and volume percentage of cement paste on compressive strength , specific electrical resistance and percentage of water absorption of lightweight pervious concrete aged 28 days were investigated. With the increase of A/C ratio from 1.5 to 3, the volume of cement paste decreased from 30.873% to 15.436% in the samples and the total porosity increased from 21.64% to 38.08%, which led to a decrease Specific electrical resistance decreased from 11.45 to 6.841 , compressive strength decreased from 13.27 MPa to 4.37 MPa, and water absorption increased from 11.185% to 12.695% in lightweight pervious concrete samples. The results of this research showed the improvement of physical properties and the decrease of mechanical properties and durability of lightweight pervious concrete containing LECA. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

344 - Determining an Efficient Approach for Compound Curing of High Resistant Concretes under Saturated / Autoclave Medium and Studying the Influence of Saturated Situation on Reduction of Holdinng Time in Autoclave
houman sharabiani fereydon zeynali

In order to determine an efficient approach for compound curing of high resistant concertes under saturated/ autoclave medium and studying the influence of saturated situation on reduction of holding time in autoclave, the research was carried out using different curing More

In order to determine an efficient approach for compound curing of high resistant concertes under saturated/ autoclave medium and studying the influence of saturated situation on reduction of holding time in autoclave, the research was carried out using different curing methods. Concrete specimens which were prepared on standard methods were divided into control and treated ones from which the formers were just exposed to saturated situation(which attained compressive strength of 884.54 Kg/cm2 at 28 days) while the other 3 sets were cured as follows: First and second part were placed under saturated situation for one to three days but the remaining one) was directly transferred to autoclave. All of these 3 sets were maintained in autoclave for 15 to 150 minutes. Results showed that specimens kept in autoclave for 15 minutes (without any maintenance at saturated situation), attained compressive strength of 748.73 Kg/cm2 while in the case of the ones kept at saturated situation for one-day (before autoclave) the compressive strength to 834.71 Kg/cm2 which was about 84.65 and 94.37% of compressive strength of the control sample at the age of 28-days respectively. By increasing the autoclave time to 30 minutes, the compressive strength of the specimens under two circumstances mentioned above improved up to 892.40 Kg/cm2 and 903.51 Kg/cm2 respectively which was about the compressive strength of the check specimen in 28 days. We found no impact on compressive strength growth whenever samples were kept in autoclave for more then one-day Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

345 - The Study of Effects of Egg Shell Powder on The Attributes of Fresh Concrete and Hard set
Afshin Amiri Abdolkarim Abbasi Dezfooli

     Nowadays in most parts of the world, the technology for achieving the concrete with a higher durability has been revolutionized. The usage of the Pozzolan and other additives for this end, has become a common thing in the industry for the past f More

     Nowadays in most parts of the world, the technology for achieving the concrete with a higher durability has been revolutionized. The usage of the Pozzolan and other additives for this end, has become a common thing in the industry for the past few years. First, the Pozzolan being rather fine and second, its reaction to the Calcium Hydroxide existing in the concrete, are the two factors causing the reduction of the porosity of the concrete and its penetrability and also increasing its durability. This study investigates the effects of egg shell powder on the mechanical attributes of the concrete. In addition, the study attempts to find the optimized percent of the powder in order to reach a higher strength as well as experiments including the percentage of water absorption, the specific weight of the concrete, resistance test –indicating corrosion and permeability- and compressive test on the 15cm cube samples. The samples were prepared by 0%, 10 and 20% egg shell as cement replacement and were tested on 3, 7 and 28 days ones. The normal mixes of concrete were used. The result of the test shows that the samples with 10% replacement have a slump loss by 12%, increasing concrete strength by 1%, reducing in water absorption as 21%, increasing 2% in the specific density, and increasing electric resistance of 90% in comparison with control specimens (0%). The findings indicated the suitability of the egg shell as a waste material and as a replacement of cement in terms of quality and environmental pollution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

346 - Consideration of the Mechanical Properties of Sawdust Concrete
ali foroughi asl sahar nozouhour

Concrete as the most commonly used materials in the construction is of particular importance and according to structures retrofitting in various lateral forces to reduce human and economic damage, light and its impact are considered on a variety of structures. Concrete More

Concrete as the most commonly used materials in the construction is of particular importance and according to structures retrofitting in various lateral forces to reduce human and economic damage, light and its impact are considered on a variety of structures. Concrete with lower density can lead to lighter structures in a way that using concrete with specific gravity of less than 1900 Kg/m3 and compressive strength more than 17 MPa in reinforced concrete structures is considered by many design engineers. Using of Sawdust in mix design of concrete is one way to reduce the density of concrete. In this research the percentage replacements of sand by sawdust were (0%, 15%, 25% and 35%). The size of test sample concrete adopted was 100x100x100 for compressive strength and 200x100 for tensile strength. The samples were removed from their moulds after 24 hours and allowed to cure 7,14 and 28 days. The results show that 25% Sawdust replacement of Sand with the compressive strength of 19MPa and density of 1904 is the optimal choice. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

347 - Evaluation and Comparison of Seismic Behavior of Steel High-rise Buildings Applying Concrete and Steel Shear Walls
Seyed Fathollah Sajedi Farid Soleimani

One of the effective factors in the designing process of buildings is how to control and manage the seismic force to achieve the optimal seismic resistance while maintaining proper ductility. In this regard, the application of various bracing systems in the construction More

One of the effective factors in the designing process of buildings is how to control and manage the seismic force to achieve the optimal seismic resistance while maintaining proper ductility. In this regard, the application of various bracing systems in the construction of high-rise buildings, such as steel and concrete shear walls is a common solution. Therefore, in this research, once considering the soil-structure interaction and again without considering the impact of this interaction on two 10 and 15-story structures, different models of ABAQUS software were presented in the presence of steel and concrete shear walls. The nonlinear analytical method was investigated. For this purpose, by modeling the structures mentioned in the software, the effect of using steel and concrete shear walls was analyzed in terms of the impact of soil-structure interaction and without it. The results of modeling for 10-story structures showed that the performance of the structure with steel shear wall is better than concrete shear wall. In addition, the results obtained for the 15-story structure showed that the performance of this structure with steel shear wall was better than concrete shear wall. In general, the results present that the steel shear wall exhibits better behavior than the concrete shear wall. In general, it was found that by taking into account the soil-structure interaction in the modeling performed for both types of structures, the outputs are closer to reality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

348 - Introducing and Numerical Modelling of a Type of Reinforced Composite Panel as a Modern Technology in the Construction Industry
mehrdad movahednia Mohammad Reza Tabeshpour

Based on numerous studies, using weak and fragile building materials such as traditional brick due to their high weight, low strength, and low ductility during earthquake will cause the most casualties and losses. Observations from past earthquakes indicate that many st More

Based on numerous studies, using weak and fragile building materials such as traditional brick due to their high weight, low strength, and low ductility during earthquake will cause the most casualties and losses. Observations from past earthquakes indicate that many structures have undergone remarkable damage even in moderate earthquakes. Low ductility and strength, high weight and severe strength degradation under seismic loads are responsible for these buildings failures. In this paper, behavior of a modern reinforced composite gypsum panel is evaluated and compared with corresponding panels made with traditional materials. The cheap and accessible basic materials used for making these panels result in favorable performance including a significant increase in the tensile and compressive strength as well as providing panels with integrity. So that when it breaks down, its particles do not disintegrate. In order to determine the basic mechanical properties of such panels, numerous standard tensile, compressive, and shear tests have been performed on various panel specimens at the materials laboratory of the faculty of mechanical engineering, Sharif University of Technology. Considerable ductility, strength, energy dissipation capacity, minimum cost, and fast construction are among the features of the proposed panel. Applying the finite element simulation, the buckling force of these composite gypsum panels were determined, which shows high buckling capacity. Subsequently, parametric studies were performed to evaluate the effects of openings on the behavior of these panels as load-bearing walls. The results of experimental tests for this type of panel presented that tensile strength is 4.3 Kg/Cm2 and compressive strength of panel is 18 Kg/Cm2, which are more considerable in comparison with the other traditional masonry materials. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

349 - Long term and short term effect of zeolite on tensile and pressure strenght of semi light weight concrete with local materials of sistan and baluchestan
Adel Rezai Reza rahgozar

Light weight construction is one of modern  topics in civil engineering, the topic of reducing weight of structure is achiev by use of new technique  and optimization of  construction procedure. Consideration to wide use of concrete and enviromental pollu More

Light weight construction is one of modern  topics in civil engineering, the topic of reducing weight of structure is achiev by use of new technique  and optimization of  construction procedure. Consideration to wide use of concrete and enviromental pollution to the reason of using cement, investigators are trying to replace a part of cement by natural and artifitial pozzolan and nano particle materials.      In this study  the use of natural pozzolan zeolite with different percents 0, 5, 10, 15, 20  investigated and longterm and short term effects on the compression and tensile  strenght on semi light weight concrete at the age 3, 56, 90 days were studied and compared with control specimen. Result shows that 5% and 10% replacement of zeolite improve compression strength at the age of 3, 90 days, and for age of 56 days most improvement is related to 15% replacement by zeolite. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

350 - Numerical Analysis of Performance of Eccentric Braced Frames Equipped with the Steel Plate in the area Under the link beam and the beam out of the link
Hamid SattarianKarajAbab ahmad maleki

Country of Iran due to the existence of numerous faults and stresses by the borders of the shell,has been witnessing the occurrence of many earthquakes throughout the year. Thus providing resistant systems for structural stability against lateral forces of the main conc More

Country of Iran due to the existence of numerous faults and stresses by the borders of the shell,has been witnessing the occurrence of many earthquakes throughout the year. Thus providing resistant systems for structural stability against lateral forces of the main concerns of civil engineering in the country. The lateral resistant systems, Eccentrically Brace frame model, which relying on the rotation of link beam causes the absorption of structural earthquake force, while the excessive rotation of the link beam region can weaken the structural performance level, and makes some significant cracks in the concrete slab. In the present study, a new model of eccentrically brace system equipped with a steel plate in the lower link beam, and the beam out of the links provided. Numerical modeling in Abaqus software and protocol load is applied based on the ATC-24. The results show that the optimal positioning of steel plates and insert its plates in the lower link beam and the beam out of the links cause improve the shear performance of the bracing system in the development plastic hinges And increased shear strength and ductility of the bracing model. Finally, the energy absorption by the models has a significant performance in comparison with the current model.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

351 - Investigation of the effects of high temperature on compressive and tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of alkali-activated concrete
Mohammadhossein Mansourghanaei

10.30495/civil.2022.696525

In recent years, improving the mechanical properties of alkali- activated concrete with the aim of being superior compared to those of the conventional concrete and reducing environmental hazards caused by the lack of mineral resources and release of toxic carbon dioxid More

In recent years, improving the mechanical properties of alkali- activated concrete with the aim of being superior compared to those of the conventional concrete and reducing environmental hazards caused by the lack of mineral resources and release of toxic carbon dioxide gas (in cement production process) has been noticed by civil engineering researchers. In this laboratory research, a mixing design of ordinary concrete containing Portland cement with a grade of 500 kg/m3 and a mixing design of alkali-activated concrete based on blast furnace slag were made. In order to check the mechanical properties, tests of compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete were performed under the temperatures of 21 and 600 ℃ at the age of 90 days of curing.  Based on the results, applying high temperature (600 ℃) to concrete samples caused a 42% and 15% drop in compressive strength, a 56% and 21% drop in tensile strength, and a 63% and 49% drop in modulus of elasticity for ordinary and  alkali-activated concretes, respectively.  The compressive strength of alkali-activated concrete was 11% and 64% more than that of the normal concrete at 21 and 600 ℃, respectively. The tensile strength of alkali-activated concrete exhibited a 9% decrease and 63% superiority compared to normal concrete at 21 and 600 ℃, respectively. The elasticity modulus of alkali-activated concrete was 16% and 62% higher than that of the normal concrete at 21 and 600 ℃, respectively. The results of the scanning electron microscope images are in accordance with the other test results of this research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

352 - Investigation of mechanical properties and effects oftypicalaggregates in preparation of pervious concrete
Majid Rostami eman Bahrami

perviousconcrete is a special kind of concrete which has a high degree of porosity and one of its major applications is in the roadway pavements. Todays, due to transportation importance, using of new materials in land, sea, airand railway transportation infrastructures More

perviousconcrete is a special kind of concrete which has a high degree of porosity and one of its major applications is in the roadway pavements. Todays, due to transportation importance, using of new materials in land, sea, airand railway transportation infrastructures is among hot research topic. Pervious concrete is one kindof the rigid pavement which has great advantages include; high permeability, proper hydraulic conduction, surface water filtration and to the underground water sourcesinjection. Despite having many advantages, its low compressive strength is one of its disadvantageswhich indicate demands for deeperstudies to increase the compressive strength of this type of concrete. In this research, a series of experimentaltestsis done on typical aggregate samples with different material and graduation, in first step their physical and specious properties was examined and then after preparation of different mix designs for making  perviousconcrete sample, properties of obtained concrete samples like: permeability, porosity, and compressive strength were investigated, after that, conducting the tests on various specimens, the results were analyzed. Finally, based on the results and analyses of the conducted tests, the optimum mix designs were introduced based on their application. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

353 - Study of Thermal Behavior of Steel Beams with khorjini Connection on the Effect of Temperature and Exposure Time of Fire
abas sargholi Seyyed Abdulnabi Razavi Masoud Abedini

      Frames with a Khorjini connections is one of the most commonly used structural systems in Iran. In these frames, the beams are placed on the sides of the pillar and each beams are placed on a lower corridor. The columns are double-skinned More

      Frames with a Khorjini connections is one of the most commonly used structural systems in Iran. In these frames, the beams are placed on the sides of the pillar and each beams are placed on a lower corridor. The columns are double-skinned and have a relatively long sheet at the Khorjini, so that the lower and upper corners are in place. What makes this type of connection a lot of use is the high speed and ease of execution of sophisticated frames. Several studies have shown that when exposed to the structure, the exposed fire will change its resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of steel beams with Khorjini connections at different temperatures and times. First, after the library studies, the laboratory test was verified by Abacus software. The results of the numerical investigation were compared with the results of the experimental study in the paper, and the results of this comparison showed that the matching of the experimental results and the results of the numerical study with a percentage difference of less than 10 Percentage. In order to develop a numerical model, 17 different models were investigated with temperature variations and exposure time of exposed beams. The results of this study showed that increasing the temperature of the heat in the Khorjini connection reduces the resistance, increases the amount of failure and deformation in the joint area. Other results of the study showed that as the Khorjini connections are exposed to more fire, the resistance will be reduced, the failure rate will increase and the structural deformation will be higher. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

354 - Investigation of linear and nonlinear performance of the simpson strong-tie connection
Ali Ghamari Farzin Ghaffari Leila Hosseinzadeh

After the Northridge earthquake, it was determined that the beam-to-column connections in the moment frames were weak and needed to be revised. In recent years, the use of bolted connections have expanded and replaced almost welded connections. The US Code of Conduct (A More

After the Northridge earthquake, it was determined that the beam-to-column connections in the moment frames were weak and needed to be revised. In recent years, the use of bolted connections have expanded and replaced almost welded connections. The US Code of Conduct (AISC358-16) introduced a new connection called the Simpson Connection, which is a semi-rigid connection with the idea of damage control. Progressive connection is a new and smart type of screw connection that includes a weakened plate, end plate, corner as well as a buckle plate. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the linear and nonlinear behavior of Simpson connectivity using ABAQUS software. The baseline sample was selected from the model outlined in US Code (AISC358-16). To gain a better understanding of the new Simpson junction model, 14 numerical specimens were modeled and the strengths and weaknesses of the models including ductility, stiffness, strength, and energy absorption of the models were compared. In this connection, the geometry of weakened plate and its performance is important. In so doing, variables such as mid-length, mid-width, initial length, as well as stiffeners were evaluated in the initial length of the weakened plate. The model with a thickness of 30 mm thicker than the other models with respect to the mentioned characteristics, showed acceptable results including anchor tolerance of 1010 kN.m and energy absorption of 55.53 kN/mm which showed that its use is suitable for areas with high seismicity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

355 - An investigation into the properties of concrete made from concrete debris and effects of the three-step mixing procedure on it
Mohammad Khazaei Abdolkarim Abbasi Dezfouli

10.30495/civil.2022.696768

Using by-product materials in making concrete is the recent development in the advanced concrete technology. The products obtained from experimental crushed concrete can be used in constructing the new concrete. Recent research revealed that using crushed concrete as pa More

Using by-product materials in making concrete is the recent development in the advanced concrete technology. The products obtained from experimental crushed concrete can be used in constructing the new concrete. Recent research revealed that using crushed concrete as partial replacement of sand and coarse aggregate, using traditional mixing procedure, reduced the compressive strength. In the present research, the special procedure of mixing concrete in three steps and its effect on concrete strength parameters have been evaluated.  The aim of this study is to use crushed tested concrete as partial replacement 25% (mix A) and 50% (mix B) of conventional sand and aggregate. Also for experimental comparison the control mixes were casted with traditional sand and aggregate.  Superplasticizer based on carboxylate was used in the mixes.  This procedure causes proper efficiency, proper coating on the aggregate and protection of the alkaline reaction of the aggregate. The method of mixing was carried out in three steps 1: Coarse aggregate + 50% water + 50% cement: mixing time 30 seconds to 1 minute, step 2: Adding 50% cement + 25% water + superplasticizer + sand: mixing time 2 minutes, step 3: Adding 25% water: mixing time 3 minutes. All the mixing time is about 6 minutes. Six specimens of 15 cm concrete cubes for each designed mixes were casted. Densities, water absorption, electric resistance (an indication of permeability and durability of concrete) and compressive strength tests were carried out. Tests were performed at 7 and 28 days. As a result, the designed mix (A) presented the higher electric resistance and compressive strength at 28 days. According to the obtained appropriate resistance, it can be deduced that with a special mixing method, crushed concrete can be used in the composition of concrete that is cost-effective in terms of environmental and resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

356 - Potential of Soil Liquefaction Assessment in Chalus and Nowshahr Region during an Earthquake using Shear Wave Velocity (Vs) Method
Narges Afsari samid alizadeh

     Liquefaction is one of the most common ground deformation effects of earthquakes often a major cause of damage and destruction to buildings and infrastructures. The area on the study (Chalus and Nowshahr region) is located on the coastal strip o More

     Liquefaction is one of the most common ground deformation effects of earthquakes often a major cause of damage and destruction to buildings and infrastructures. The area on the study (Chalus and Nowshahr region) is located on the coastal strip of Caspian Sea, on the loose alluvial material which has been hit by numerous earthquakes throughout history. In this study, the shear wave velocity (Vs) method has been used with five experimental relationships to evaluate the soil liquefaction potential of Chalus and Nowshahr region under the assumption of non-cementation and cementation conditions. Due to the distribution of boreholes evaluated in the sediment section of the area which is less than 10,000 years old, solutions with non-cemented conditions are acceptable. Analyses have shown that among 46 borehole loops, 35 boreholes are prone to liquefaction, which most of them are located in the region of Nowshahr. Considering the values of the liquefaction potential index obtained, based on the shear wave velocity method, in non-cementation conditions, 8.7% of  area is  PL = 0, 15.2%, in the range of  5> PL> 0, 41.3% in the range of 15> PL> 5 and 34.8% in the range of 15< PL. Due to the fact that the surface depth is an important parameter in soil lubricity, and the high level of the station, considering the high potential of seismicity of the area as well, the likelihood of liquefaction increases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

357 - The effect of Number and Position of Braced Frames on Failure Distribution and Column Behavior of the Dual Steel Structural System (MRF and EBF)
Alireza Faroughi Sajjad Mohammadi Abd-ol-Reza Sarvghad Moghaddam

In the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of b More

In the seismic design of structures, determination of the number and position of braced frames, according to the architectural scheme of projects, is usually encountered with obstacles. This has made it difficult in some cases to choose the best location and number of braced bays and especially in dual frames, has led to differences in the design forces of their adjacent members (columns). One of the seismic design requirements of lateral resisting system is to control the columns adjacent to braced bays for load combinations of intensified seismic load, which is a function of over-strength factor of the structure. This research aims to present and introduce the best structural model regarding the number and position of braced frames in a structural system, such as steel moment resisting frame and eccentric braces dual system. Though the intensified seismic load function is controlled in models which columns are connected to the braces in 2 directions, and seismic loads are applied in those 2 directions, the number of damaged hinges (Exceeding CP) is significantly increased in comparison with the models with straggly braces. Since the increase in axial force of these columns reduces their moment capacity (despite controlling the amplified seismic load provision), columns in dual systems that resist flexure, would be damaged and exceed the collapse threshold much sooner than other columns. Therefore, it is suggested that, like the publication 360, the control of these columns in an amplified earthquake should not be based solely on axial force, but on the interaction of forces. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

358 - Angular Earthquake Coefficient in Irregular Structures on Plan
Mohammad reza Bahari Alireza faroughi mohammad ghanoonibagha

Today is a common method of seismic design of structures in the regulations are based on the static method equivalent and Determine the base shear design by using The linear spectrum. To determine the base shear, a coefficient called earthquake coefficient is used. In t More

Today is a common method of seismic design of structures in the regulations are based on the static method equivalent and Determine the base shear design by using The linear spectrum. To determine the base shear, a coefficient called earthquake coefficient is used. In this article first, Methods of calculation and factors affecting the behavior of factors are investigated. Then a number of steel structures with lateral load systems MRF and CBF, with the number of floors 3, 7 and 10 Irregular on the plan is evaluated. By performing a non-linear static analysis under the influence of lateral loads، Ductility and their coefficient of resistance in different angles Due to the limitation of local ductility in structural elements (Based on maximum drift) and  finally the behavior coefficients (Given the values obtained from the analysis) will be counted. It is assumed that the angular behavior coefficients follow a rectangular rule so that the values of the angular behavior coefficient with the length of the line from the origin with the desired angle in a rectangle whose sides are the coefficient of behavior of the main structure of the structure is equal. Then, the values of the angular behavior coefficient obtained from this rule are compared with the values obtained from nonlinear static analysis. According to the results, it is also observed that the angular behavior coefficients obtained from this type of analysis are slightly higher than their values from the rectangular base, and follow this rule well. As well as structures at these angles relative to the main directions shows better behavior. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

359 - Investigating the effect of panel zone rigidity on behavior of tubular web reduced beam section connections
aboozar saleh aboozar saleh amir mahdi heydari tafreshi

Concentrated major stresses in area of beam-to-column welded connections of steel moment frames have been proposed in the high density demands as a critical factor in connection vulnerabilities.  Reducing the stress concentration in the connections can be accompl More

Concentrated major stresses in area of beam-to-column welded connections of steel moment frames have been proposed in the high density demands as a critical factor in connection vulnerabilities.  Reducing the stress concentration in the connections can be accomplished with the intentionally weakening of the cross section of the beam connected to the column. By this method, the plastic hing is formed in the weakened section and the demand is included on the connecting components. In this study, the effect of the panel rigidity on the behavior of the beam connection with the reduced bending strength section with the tube has been investigated. Eight connections of various thicknesses have been investigated. Connections are analyzed using finite element modeling under static loading. In this research, it is observed that with increasing the thickness of the web panel zone, the loss of the strength curve decreases and the connection experiences more drift. Also by increasing the thickness the von mises stress in the panel zone decreased. The values of stress and displacement were observed in the tube web in larger thicknesses are bigger. The failure of the column and the connection panel zone in the connections decreased with the increase of the connection panel zone thickness. The lowest energy dissipation is related to the weakest panel zone connection. By increasing the thickness of the panel zone connection, it would be expected that more energy would be lost from the connection. In general, according to the results obtained in this study, application of thickness less than the calculated value in seismic design is not recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

360 - Comparative Study of the Mechanical Properties of the Concrete Reinforced with Industrial Steel Fibers and Recycled Metal Chips
Farhad Jireh Ziaaddin Zamanzadeh Leila Jalili

In recent years, most of the experimental studies have been performed on the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete with recycled and industrial steel fibers in foreign countries, and it is necessary to conduct studies on fiber reinforced concrete made from existing More

In recent years, most of the experimental studies have been performed on the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete with recycled and industrial steel fibers in foreign countries, and it is necessary to conduct studies on fiber reinforced concrete made from existing materials in our country. In this paper, experimental and numerical research on the mechanical behavior of the fiber concrete has been conducted. In the experimental program, first, by modeling the mix design presented in previous research for recycled fiber concrete, two mixing designs were determined in accordance with the available materials of the country, so that by adding two different types of steel fibers, the desired slump flow is obtained. The effect of industrial fibers and recycled metal chips on the compressive and splitting tensile behavior of fiber reinforced concrete was investigated by performing compressive and tensile tests. The addition of industrial fibers and recycled metal chips has slightly reduced the indirect compressive and splitting tensile strength of the concrete. In the simulation and modeling of finite element compression tests, the formation of cracks in the concrete elements surrounding metal chips elements, confirmed the occurrence of stress gradients in these concrete elements, which led to a reduction in the compressive strength of the fibre reinforced concrete. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

361 - behavior pattern of Compressive and tensile strength of structural lightweight concrete Consisting perlite, leca and Steel Fiber
Hossein Shaddel milad kheiri ghoje biglu abdollah enayati tekle

Considering that the weight of the structure increases the forces involved, especially the lateral forces such as earthquakes, so for this reason, as far as we can take the building path, we have been able to withstand earthquake resistance to the structure. Since, one More

Considering that the weight of the structure increases the forces involved, especially the lateral forces such as earthquakes, so for this reason, as far as we can take the building path, we have been able to withstand earthquake resistance to the structure. Since, one of the commonly used methods for producing the light eight concrete, utilizes the light weight aggregates with significant role in the concrete strength, proposing the optimized mix-design for the light weight concrete appears to be important. The result of experiments on 140 samples are representative of achieving to structural lightweight concrete according to ASTM C330 Standard which limits the specific gravity of structural light weight concrete to 1850 kg/cm3 and limits the minimum compressive strength of structural lightweight concreteto170 kg/cm3.  Specific gravity and compressive strength of samples could be reached to defined limitation according to ASTM C330 Standard by using the very little particles of pozzolans and by changing in mix design Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

362 - Experimental Study of Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete Based on XRF and SEM Analysis
Mohammadhossein Mansourghanaei Morteza Biklaryan Alireza Mardookhpour

10.30495/civil.2022.689960

In this research, three mixing designs were made of geopolymer concrete containing 92, 96 and 100% composite blast-furnace slag including 8, 4 and 0% nanosilica, respectively. After performing the compressive strength test and selecting one of these three designs a More

In this research, three mixing designs were made of geopolymer concrete containing 92, 96 and 100% composite blast-furnace slag including 8, 4 and 0% nanosilica, respectively. After performing the compressive strength test and selecting one of these three designs as the optimal design in terms of superior mechanical properties, by adding 1 and 2% of polyolefin fibers to the optimal design, two more designs were made of geopolymer concrete. Concrete specimens were subjected to compressive strength tests (at 7, 28 and 90 days of curing), XRF (at 7 days of curing), and SEM (at 90 days of curing). The results were evaluated and compared with the results of a mixing design made of ordinary concrete containing Portland cement. The results of the analyses in this research exhibited the superiority in mechanical and microstructural properties of the geopolymer concrete in comparison with the ordinary concrete at all ages. At the 90-day curing age, as the best age in terms of performance, the minimum (62.43 MPa) and maximum (82.96 MPa) compressive strength values were obtained in designs 1 and 4, respectively. At this age, adding up to 8% nanosilica in geopolymer concrete enhanced the compressive strength up to 21.94% and adding up to 2% of fibers reduced the compressive strength up to 22.49% in this type of concrete. The results of XRF and SEM analyses overlapped with each other and were in accordance with the results of the compressive strength test. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

363 - Investigation of redundancy factor at buildings with nonparallel systems irregularity
azim bani jalali seyyed sina kourehli

 In this paper, the redundancy factor at buildings with nonparallel systems irregularity has been investigated. For this purpose, four concrete moment resisting frames with different heights and spans designed in ETABS software. Because of irregularity of the studi More

 In this paper, the redundancy factor at buildings with nonparallel systems irregularity has been investigated. For this purpose, four concrete moment resisting frames with different heights and spans designed in ETABS software. Because of irregularity of the studied buildings in plan, the story which resist more than 35% of the base shear in the direction of interest should be found. Then, loss of moment resistance at the beam-to-column connections at both ends of a single beam should be tested. The obtained results show that the story strength reduced less than 33% and the resulting system have not an extreme torsional irregularity. So, the redundancy factor at studied buildings is equal one. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

364 - Statistical Analysis of the Impact of Cold Joint on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Made by the National Method for Concrete Mix Design
Arash rafiei Ah karimi

One of the common problems in the implementation of concrete structures is seam or cold joint. The discontinuity in concrete body can cause structural weakness, increased permeability, reduced durability, corrosion of the rebar, and bad appearance of concrete. In this s More

One of the common problems in the implementation of concrete structures is seam or cold joint. The discontinuity in concrete body can cause structural weakness, increased permeability, reduced durability, corrosion of the rebar, and bad appearance of concrete. In this study, in order to evaluate the effect of cold joint on compressive strength of concrete, 192 cubic samples by national method of mix design in 4 modes, in which 48 samples without cold joint, 48 samples with horizontal cold joint, 48 samples with vertical cold joint, and 48 samples with diagonal cold joints were concreted in a 24-hour time interval. After 28 days of treatment with standard conditions by pressure cylinder device, the compressive strength of the samples was evaluated. After evaluating the results of the experiments, the values of the effect of cold joint on the compressive strength of the samples, the uncertainty and the probability of failure of the samples have been investigated. The results of analyzes indicate that, generally, the creation of a cold joint in concrete reduces the compressive strength of concrete. However, the reduction in compressive strength depends on the degree of cold joint to its angle. Also, the size of surface angle of the cold joint is also affected by the probability of failure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

365 - Numerical Study on Behavior of Teduced – Beam Connections to T-Shaped Columns in Moment Resisting Frames
amin fallahi motlagh ahmad maleki

    Extensive studies carried out following the Northridge earthquake showed that several factors contributed to this failure. The high stress concentration in the welds and the attachment vulnerability to high ductility requirements were identified as tw More

    Extensive studies carried out following the Northridge earthquake showed that several factors contributed to this failure. The high stress concentration in the welds and the attachment vulnerability to high ductility requirements were identified as two main causes of this rupture. A logical way to solve this problem is to reduce the need for a weld in the welded areas and to lower the concentration level of stress. Several corrective methods have been proposed for the construction after the Northridge earthquake as well as the retrofitting of existing reinforced steel structures. One of these methods is the configuration of the shotgun. In this research, after verifying the modeling results using Abacus software, 9 models of modeling of the beam with the dropped wing to the cross column were modeled in three groups. The results of this study are as follows: Reducing the length of the graft has the greatest effect of shear force on non-elastic performance. The shorter graft shear submission mechanism is better than the flexural bending mechanism of the long joints, and the main reason is that in shear joints, the shear forces are constant throughout the bond, so non-elastic strains will be uniformly distributed throughout the graft. Also in the specimen with a 0.6b interval, which has the weakest function, the initial failure (third cycle) of the resistance drop has begun. So that the amount of energy absorption is lower than other samples. The non-cross-sectional sample with energy absorption of 9272 kN / m is 0.75b and 0.6b, respectively, with 11.5% and 66.6% respectively, with energy absorption and greater depreciation than other samples. In the specimen with a bone geometry in the elementary cycles (third cycle), the resistance drop has begun. So that the amount of energy absorption is lower than other samples. The sample with a circular cross section with an energy absorption of 8875 kN / m is 18.6% and 1. 54%, respectively, with a geometric bone and oval geometry, with energy absorption and greater depreciation than other specimens. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

366 - Investigating the behavior of steel slit dampers in concrete structures
Seyed Majid Alavinia Leila Hosseinzadeh Ali Ghamari Abbas Akbarpour

10.30495/civil.2021.682514

Iran is considered as one of the most seismically active regions in the world. Therefore, the need for seismic strengthening of the existing structures is essential. One of the suitable methods in seismic reinforcement of buildings is the u More

Iran is considered as one of the most seismically active regions in the world. Therefore, the need for seismic strengthening of the existing structures is essential. One of the suitable methods in seismic reinforcement of buildings is the use of dampers. Dampers are components, which are mostly utilized to increase damping and deplete seismic energy. Numerous studies have indicated that dampers can reduce seismic displacement. In this way, the performance of most of the load-bearing members of the structure remains in the elastic range.  In this research, the effect of using slit steel dampers (SSD) on concrete structures was evaluated. Therefore, four models of SSD were selected as following: 3 single slit, 3 double slit, 5 single slit and 5 double slit in three thickness of 6, 8 and 10 mm, which were placed in a concrete frame with a single diagonal brace at the connection of the brace to the column beam. The effects of increasing the number of slits from 3 to 5, from single to double and increasing the thickness were studied. The results exhibited that by increasing the thickness of dampers, the area of force-displacement diagram, stiffness and strength were increased in frames. The frames, which are consisted of double 3-slit dampers presented better performance than 5-slit dampers. So that, the reduction of rigidity of frame with single 5-slit dampers in a thickness of 10 mm, was 4.9% in comparison with double samples. In addition, it is decreased in stiffness by 2.9% and 7.3% for single and double models, respectively Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

367 - Experimental Study of Engineering Specifications of Concrete Containing Local Mineral Pozzolan based on XRD and SEM Analyses
Mojtaba Rangrazian Rahmat Madandoust Reza Mahjoub Mehdi Raftari

10.30495/civil.2022.694078

Global warming and its effects on the environment can be considered as the important crises facing humans. Finding a method to reduce cement consumption can be an effective step in controlling the annual increase in global temperature. In this research, in order to find More

Global warming and its effects on the environment can be considered as the important crises facing humans. Finding a method to reduce cement consumption can be an effective step in controlling the annual increase in global temperature. In this research, in order to find the optimal mixing design for replacing local mineral pozzolan instead of a part of cement, two mixing projects with four types of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent by weight replaced a part of concrete cement.The compressive strength and concrete quality tests were evaluated in the specimens. The constituent elements of concrete and the effect of adding local mineral pozzolan were investigated using the XRD analysis, as well as the morphology and microstructural behavior of concrete with the SEM test. The results exhibited that the best replacement value of cement by pozzolan in concrete is equivalent to 15 percent by weight of cement. Pozzolanic samples increase the strength by 24% compared to plain cement concrete (PCC) samples. Optimal pozzolanic reaction reduced the amount of portlandite and calcite in concrete. Also, this pozzolan reduced the pores, increased the improvement and integrity of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in concrete in comparison with plain cement concrete. Considering the effects of this pozzolan on strengthening the structure and reducing the consumption of cement in concrete, the studied local mineral pozzolan can be introduced as a green material that reduces cement by increasing the strength of concrete and is environmentally friendly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

368 - The Reverse Design of Beams and Networks to Provide Strength and Simultaneous Deformation
Nobakht Bakhtiyari Hassan mosavi aslemir

Abstract This paper presents a new method for the analysis and design of beams and networks.  In this method, both the strength and stiffness of the beams as well as the condition of the beam column simultaneously provides the stability condition. Through an examp More

Abstract This paper presents a new method for the analysis and design of beams and networks.  In this method, both the strength and stiffness of the beams as well as the condition of the beam column simultaneously provides the stability condition. Through an example and comparison with available analyses, the efficiency of the method is shown. It can be seen that as a quick, economical and easy method, this method can be used for the analysis and design of beams and columns with different boundary conditions, and other structures including frames and continuous beams. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

369 - Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on Abrasive Strength, Porosity and Permeability of Silica Fume Concretes
Abolfaz Shamsayi Mohsen nacharchi Saber piroti Kamal rahmani

Abstract Today following the development of construction of hydraulic structures like dams, the matter of concrete durability used in these kinds of structures has gained paramount importance. One of the important factors of concrete durability in these structures is i More

Abstract Today following the development of construction of hydraulic structures like dams, the matter of concrete durability used in these kinds of structures has gained paramount importance. One of the important factors of concrete durability in these structures is its resistance against abrasion due to the crash of particles carried by water. To enhance the abrasion resistance of concrete, different methods have been offered and investigated by researchers and one can refer to the following to name a few. Using aggregates resistant to abrasion, reducing the water-cement ratio, using nanocilica microcylis in concrete, suitable and on time seasoning. In the present research the following experiments have been done on concrete samples. -The abrasive strength of block samples of 15×15×15 cm  for 28 past days using Sand Blast Method. -The hydraulic conductivity coefficient of cylinder samples with the height of 10cm., and 10cm., in diameter, 28 past days using Penetration Method. The results of abrasion experiments showed that by reducing water-cementratio from 0.50 to 0.33, the abrasive strength of concrete improves as far as 30.94 %. The permeability experiments showed that; By reduction of water-cement ratio from 0.50 to 0.33, the hydraulic conductivity coefficient of the concrete is reduced from 39.88 × 10 m/sec to 2.49 × 10 m/sec., and the porosity of concrete is reduced from 13.90 % to 13.10 %. The above results show that reducing water-cement ratio results in increasing abrasive strength and increasing the hydraulic conductivity coefficient and reducing porosity of silica fume concrete. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

370 - تاثیر پیش تیمار اسمزی بذور کرفس بر شاخص‌های جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه تحت تنش شوری
شهناز فتحی اعظم سیدی

10.30495/jsr.2022.1939549.1219

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371 - بررسی تعدادی از ژنوتیپ‌های برنج در مقابل تنش سرمایی در مرحله جوانه‌زنی
پیمان شریفی

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372 - افزایش عمرماندگاری فیله ماهی قزل‌آلا پوشش داده شده با فیلم کازئینات سدیم همراه با عصاره بذر چای
تکتم مستقیم حکیمه طباطبایی علیرضا رحمن

10.30495/jfst.2019.543716

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373 - تاثیر نیم‌پز کردن سه رقم برنج محلی استان خوزستان بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی آن‌ها
عبدالعلی گیلانی لیلا بهبهانی جعفر حبیبی اصل آذرخش عزیزی

10.30495/jfst.2021.680665

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374 - بررسی میزان الودگی و تعیین الگوی حساسیت و مقاومت انتی بیوتیکی کلی فرم های جداشده از فراورده های لبنی و گوشتی
عصمت خوری علی محمدی ثانی محمد رضا خضری

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375 - تعیین مقاومت آنتی ‌بیوتیکی جدایه ‌های اسید ‌لاکتیک پنیرسنتی تالشی تولید شده از شیر خام
سیده حدیثه موسوی تیوا کفیلی

10.30495/jfst.2019.545909

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376 - Typing of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from row meat of poultry and livestock using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST)
Marziyeh Tavakol Hassan Momtaz Parviz Mohajeri Leili Shokoohizadeh Elahe Tajbakhsh

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains with multiple drug resistance are mainly opportunistic pathogens in the development of hospital infections and as an emerging contaminant in livestock-based foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resis More

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) strains with multiple drug resistance are mainly opportunistic pathogens in the development of hospital infections and as an emerging contaminant in livestock-based foods. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and genotyping of this bacterium strains in raw meat of poultry and livestock. 22 strains isolated from raw meat were tested by multi-locus sequence typing and simple disk diffusion methods. The highest antimicrobial resistance was observed to tetracycline with 90.9% and the least antibiotic resistance was azithromycin and imipenem with 9.09%. Five strains were identified as non-typing isolates in 22 isolates of A. baumannii. Five genetic profiles (Sequence Types=ST) including ST15, ST10, ST12, ST25, ST25 were identified. Identifying the acceptable level of genetic variation among isolates using the MLST technique indicates that this method is considered as a useful method in the study and typing of Acinetobacter spp. strains and can be strains isolated from different origins in different groups. In this study, it was found that by sequencing of house-keeping genes, it is possible to typing of Acinetobacter spp. strains, and this amount of polymorphism indicates that this technique is a useful method for analyzing the genetic diversity of A. baumannii strains is a source of animal origin. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

377 - samples Antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from raw milk and traditional cheese
Maryam Mazhari Mojtaba Bonyadian Hamdallah Moshtaghi

10.30495/jfm.2023.1976067.1801

Salmonella is one of the most important bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw foods. The presence of this bacterium in food also causes a decrease in the quality of productions and a decrease in the economic growth. Milk and its products are among the food th More

Salmonella is one of the most important bacteria which cause illnesses, may exist in raw foods. The presence of this bacterium in food also causes a decrease in the quality of productions and a decrease in the economic growth. Milk and its products are among the food that may contaminate with Salmonella both primarily and secondarily by employees, water, etc., and transmitted to human. In this study, 100 samples of raw milk and 50 samples of traditional cheese from different parts of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were obtained to isolate and identify Salmonella bacteria using microbiological, and polymerase chain reaction tests. Also, the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was evaluated by the diffusion disk method. The results of microbiological tests showed that 7 samples were contaminated with salmonella. Suspicious isolates included 5 samples belonging to raw milk and 2 samples belonging to traditional cheeses. The results of PCR test revealed that 3 samples of suspected isolates of raw milk (%3) and 1 sample of suspected isolates of traditional cheese (%2) were S. typhimurium. The results of the antibiogram test on Salmonella isolates showed the highest sensitivity to Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin, and the highest resistance to Ampicillin, Tetracycline and Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole antibiotics. According to the results of the present study, raw milk and traditional cheeses are contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium, which are resistant to some antibiotics. Although the contamination of raw milk is removed during the heat treatment steps such as pasteurization, boiling or sterilization, traditional cheeses contaminated with this bacterium are considered a potential risk for the health of consumers. Therefore, the examination of traditional dairy products, especially cheese, in terms of preventing the occurrence of diseases in humans seems to be more necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

378 - Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species isolated from filleted Argyrosomus hololepidotus, Scomberomorus commerson and Alburnus spp.
Ebrahim Rahimi Mohammad Javad Jahanmard Sohrab safari Mahsa Ansari Zeinab Torki baghbadorani

Listeriosis is one of the most important food-borne diseases caused by Listeria species, especially L. monocytogenes.  The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species isolated from three types of fish fil More

Listeriosis is one of the most important food-borne diseases caused by Listeria species, especially L. monocytogenes.  The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species isolated from three types of fish filet in Isfahan and Bandaranzali. From August 2009 to April 2011, a total of 120 samples of Argyrosomus hololepidotus (n= 90), Scomberomorus commerson (n=80) and Alburnus spp (n=70). Fish were obtained from randomly selected retail stores in Isfahan and Bandaranzali cities and were evaluated for the presence of Listeria spp. using standard cultural and PCR methods. Then antibiogram tests were carried out for determination of antimicrobial resistance. Seven (8.8%) and 6 (15%) of smoked and salted fish samples were positive for Listeria spp. respectively. L. monocytogenes, L. innocua and L. seeligari were isolated from 2.5, 6.7 and 1.6% of fish samples. Overall, 9 of 13 Listeria isolates (69.2%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Resistance to tetracycline (53.8%) and tetracycline (30.8%) were the most common finding. All of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol. The results of this study indicate the potential risk of infection with Listeria in people consuming raw or undercooked smoked and salted fish. Also, the results obtained in this study indicated the need for appropriate surveillance and epidemiological monitoring strategy to control the development of resistance.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

379 - The Study on antibiotic resistance pattern of Cronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from infant formula and baby food types
Samira abbasi bafetrat Mohammad Goli Hasan Momtaz

Cronobacter sakazakii is one of the main pathogens that transmitted by feeding infants by contaminated infant formula and baby-food. This bacterium is one of the major causes of mortality, digestive diseases and meningitis in newborns. This study was performed in order More

Cronobacter sakazakii is one of the main pathogens that transmitted by feeding infants by contaminated infant formula and baby-food. This bacterium is one of the major causes of mortality, digestive diseases and meningitis in newborns. This study was performed in order to detect microbiological and molecular contamination by Cronobacter sakazakii and study antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates. Two hundred samples of infant formula and baby food from deferent brands were collected and after microbial detection, bacteria’s isolates were detected, using PCR method. Then antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates were evaluated using disk diffusion method. Three samples from total 100 baby food (3%) and 5 samples from total 100 infant formula (5%) had Cronobacter sakazaki infection. A, B and C brands from infant formula and A, D brands from baby food were contaminated with Cronobacter sakazakii. B and C brands from infant formula (10% each of them) and A brand from baby food (8%) were infected with Cronobacter sakazakii. Isolates from Cronobacter sakazakii which isolate from infant formula and baby food demonstrated most Sensitivity to ciprofloxacin (20.38), meropenem (19.83) and imipenem (19.63) and most resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, tigecycline, ticarcillin, aztreonam and ceftazidime. Careful inspection on the raw material quality of infant formula and baby food as well as, exact supervision on production procedure, sanitation in addition to use natural antimicrobial can reduce Prevalence rate of this bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

380 - Listeria isolated from traditional cheeses of Tabriz area: Occurrence, diversity and phenotypic characteristics
Aida Kalantaripour Shahram Hanifian

Contamination of milk and its products with pathogenic organisms such as Listeria could be considered as a health threat for the consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of Listeia spp. in traditional cheeses of Tabriz area and to More

Contamination of milk and its products with pathogenic organisms such as Listeria could be considered as a health threat for the consumers. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of Listeia spp. in traditional cheeses of Tabriz area and to assess antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and thermal-resistance of the isolates. A total number of 100 traditional cheese was collected randomly. Listeria spp. were isolated and identified using conventional culture methods. According to the results, 12 out of 100 cheese samples were found positive for Listeria spp. Amongst, 5 and 7 isolates were identified as monocytogens and ivanovii, respectively. The highest rate of resistance was observed for oxacillin (100%) and nalidixic acid (75%), and the highest rate (100%) of sensitivity was related to cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, erythromycin and vancomycin. Results of biofilm assay reveled that all 5 strains of L. monocytogens produced low amount of biofilm, meanwhile strains of L. ivanovii produced a range (weak, moderate and high) of biofilm level. Based on thermal-resistance outcomes, thermalisation process had insignificant impact on Listeria strains; whereas application of “rapid pasteurization” process for 5 sec, reduced the populations of both Listeia specis to below the detectable limit (P <0.01). In the case of batch pasteurization, two Listeria species demonstrated significant (P <0.01) degree of resitsnce. Since L. monocytogenes, and in a lesser extent L. ivanivi are human pathogens of concern, it was concluded that traditional cheeses of Tabriz area could pose a health hazard dealing with Listeria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

381 - Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and antibiotic resistance pattern determination and tracking virulence genes in the salad samples collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and Isfahan
Hamidreza Bahrami محمد ربیعی فرادنبه

Salad is one of the most popular components of the diets. E. coli Shiga toxin producing STEC is considered as one of the most important food pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of salad contamination with this pathogen in Isfahan city and Chaharmah More

Salad is one of the most popular components of the diets. E. coli Shiga toxin producing STEC is considered as one of the most important food pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of salad contamination with this pathogen in Isfahan city and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province STEC, determine the pattern of antibiotic-resistant and tracking virulence genes in bacteria were isolated. In this study, eighty samples of salad were randomly collected from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province and Isfahan city from fast food restaurants and shopping malls. Following isolation of E. coli in the culture, PCR test to determine the virulence factors, Shiga toxin-producing bacteria was performed using specific primers. Then antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by standard methods and disk diffusion. The results showed that 80 salads, 11 samples (13/75 percent) are infected with E. coli. All strains of E. coli are resistant to at least one antibiotic. The highest and the lowest resistance were observed in tetracycline (58.82 percent) and nitrofurantoin (3.92%), respectively. The lowest prevalence and Stx1 had the highest frequency in the virulence genes. However STEC strains are not highly virulent in Iran, the findings of this study showed the possibility of contamination of the salads offered at fast food centers and restaurants. Therefore, preventive measures to avoid salad contamination with these bacteria are necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

382 - Antibiotic resistance determination in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry samples enffected Colibacillosis disease from around Kermanshah farms
Forogh Mohammadi

Abstract Poultry colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases which is caused by Escherichia coli and cause great economic Damages to chicken farm industry. According to high spread of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and create resistance strain of Esche More

Abstract Poultry colibacillosis is one of the most important diseases which is caused by Escherichia coli and cause great economic Damages to chicken farm industry. According to high spread of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and create resistance strain of Escherichia coli, this study conducted to detect antibiotic resistance profile in Escherichia coli isolated from Colibacillosis in chicken carcasses transferred to Veterinary Diagnosis laboratories in Kermanshah, Iran. Antibiotic resistance profile was studied in 500 isolated of Escherichia coli in spring and summer of 2014 using simple disk diffusion method. The results showed that the first quarter of year had mostly Escherichia coli resistance to Chloretetracycline, Erythromycin, Oxytertracyclin and Colistin and in summer in addition of this four antibiotics, Danfloxacin had high rate of resistance antibiotic. According to the increase spread of antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to prevent of illness entrance to the poultry with proper nutrition principles and hygiene. Timely vaccination can prevent greatly of chicken farm with infectious diseases and follow that, the rate of antibiotic using is low and we can development into products without antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

383 - Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from avian eggs
mehdi moradi sarmeidani mohsen fardemadi Ebrahim Rahimi abdolkarim zamani moghadam

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common intestinal pathogenic bacteria that cause various infections among men and animals. E. coli O157:H7 is one of the major serotypes which is placed in the group of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli or EHEC. The purpose of this More

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common intestinal pathogenic bacteria that cause various infections among men and animals. E. coli O157:H7 is one of the major serotypes which is placed in the group of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli or EHEC. The purpose of this study was searching for serotype O157:H7 in samples of domestic birds’ egg in the market by culture method and PCR molecular method and the antibiotic resistance of this bacterium was investigated. Totally, 87 samples of domestic poultry eggs (chicken, quail, pigeons, ostriches) three parts of shell, yolk and white (from each part a separate sample) were examined and after culturing steps, 8 samples were infected with this bacterium. Then, these 8 samples were tested with PCR strain and finally, 4 samples had O157: H7 strain genotype. Also after conducting antibiogram tests to determine the sensitivity toward different antibiotics, the most sensitivity of E.coli was belonged to antibiotics ciprofloxacin, ceftiroxone, enrofloxacin, enrofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

384 - SCCmec typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from milk and dairy products
Narges Aminifard Hasan Momtaz Zahra Bamzadeh

Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic pathogen causing various diseases such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Indiscriminate and excessive use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance in this bacterium, especially against commonly used antibiotic More

Staphylococcus aureus is a major opportunistic pathogen causing various diseases such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Indiscriminate and excessive use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic resistance in this bacterium, especially against commonly used antibiotics in the treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from milk and traditional milk products, especially resistance to methicillin. A total of 403 samples of milk and milk products was examined and collected from distribution centers of traditional and dairy products. Strains isolated were tested by PCR to determine the frequency of mec gene, SCCmec types and genes coding for antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates was assessed by disk diffusion method. Out of 403 samples, 151 samples (%44.67) were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, and the highest prevalence of infection was found in samples of cow raw milk (%58.55). Only IV type was detected in mecA-positive isolates among SCCmec types; a number of 66 isolates belonged to IVd type, 21 isolates related to IVc type and 13 isolates belonged to IVa type and the significant differences between SCCmec type IVd with two types IVc and IVa was observed. The high prevalence of infection with Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk and traditional milk products and high antibiotic resistance of the isolates to common types of antibiotics in treating human infections are serious warning to the community and it requires hygienic measures and quality control of dairy products more than ever. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

385 - Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Entrococcus faecalis isolated from meat in Shahrekord
Hamed Karimian الهه Tajbakhsh ebrahim rahimi

In the past two decades, Enterococci resistant to some antibiotics has gained widespread that it would cause complications in the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. Since meat as a foodstuff consumed in Iran is common and easily contaminated wi More

In the past two decades, Enterococci resistant to some antibiotics has gained widespread that it would cause complications in the treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. Since meat as a foodstuff consumed in Iran is common and easily contaminated with bacteria therefore, we decided to detect frequency of antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from meat in Shahrekord. This cross sectional study was conducted on 104 samples of meat in 2016 in Shahrekord. Isolation of bacteria using by biochemical methods and confirmed with detection of 16srDNA gene, and antibiotic resistance genes isolates using by Kirby-Bauer method and molecular method for detection of tetM, ant (2'''')-I, erm B and aac (6'')/aph (2'') genes. Most bacterial resistance to streptomycin (2/95%) and sensitivity to vancomycin (100%) were estimated. Prevalence of ermB gene reported 76.9% and prevalence of aac (6'')/aph (2'') gene reported 40% in E. faecalis isolated. The results indicate that is not resistance to vancomycin in E. faecalis isolated from meat in Shahrekord, but high resistance to Streptomycin, Cefotaxime, Meropenem, Erythromycin, Tetracycline were found also found that ermB gene in E. faecalis high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant gene is the most abundant strength. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

386 - Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from rose water and herbal distillates in Kashan, 2018
Reza sharafati chaleshtori navid Mazroii Arani Elahe Alizadeh Alireza Etemadi

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic gram-negative and pathogenic bacterium that can be transmitted through food to humans. Antibiotic-resistant infections of this bacterium are a severe public health issue. This study aimed to determine the preval More

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic gram-negative and pathogenic bacterium that can be transmitted through food to humans. Antibiotic-resistant infections of this bacterium are a severe public health issue. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from rose water and herbal distillates in Kashan. In this cross-sectional study, 400 rose water and herbal distillate samples were randomized purchased of local markets in Kashan and evaluated for the occurrence of P. aeruginosa by culturing methods. The obtained isolates were subjected to the disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Out of 400 samples, 16 (4 %) samples were contaminated withP. aeruginosa. The 100 % of isolates were resistant to ticarcillin, ceftazidime, colistin, and gentamicin. Also, the 13 (81.25 %) samples were sensitive to imipenem. The results showed a high occurrence of the antibiotic resistance P. aeruginosa strains isolated from rose water and herbal distillates. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

387 - Study the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different types of vegetables and salads in Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari province in Spring, 2017
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pa More

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causative agents of food poisoning in human. Occurrence of severe antibiotic resistances has increased the importance of this bacterium. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province. In this study, 485 samples of vegetable and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. Samples were evaluated by microbial culture and the isolated S. aureus strains were analyzed for the antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. The prevalence rate of S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 16% and 11.91%, respectively. The highest (26.50%) and the lowest (6.72%) contamination rates were observed in Lordegan and Shahrekord cities. A Significant statistical difference was observed for the prevalence of S. aureus between vegetable and salad samples (P<0.05). S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples had the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (95.58%), tetracycline (88.23%), ampicillin (79.41%), erythromycin (72.05%) and methicillin (70.58%) antibiotics. The lowest prevalence of antibiotic resistance was reported against imipenem (7.35%), chloramphenicol (22.05%), cotrimoxazol (26.47%) and co-amxiclave (29.41%). Judicious prescription of antibiotics according to the results of the disk diffusion method can reduce the risk of resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

388 - Study the frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from vegetable and salad samples in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki Amir Shakerian Ebrahim Rahimi Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main emerging causative agents of antibiotic-resistant food poisoning in humans. The bacterium also has the ability to the production of heat resistant enterotoxin. The present study was done to asses More

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the main emerging causative agents of antibiotic-resistant food poisoning in humans. The bacterium also has the ability to the production of heat resistant enterotoxin. The present study was done to assess the prevalence rate, antibiotic resistance pattern, and frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable and salad samples. In this study, 485 samples of vegetables and salad were collected and immediately transferred to the laboratory. The microbial culture was used to isolate S. aureus, and methicillin-resistant strains were approved using cefoxitin and oxacillin disks. Antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of enterotoxin encoding genes were analyzed using disk diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. The prevalence rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in vegetable and salad samples were 7.2% and 8.51%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains had the highest antibiotic resistance against penicillin (100%), co-amoxiclav (100%), ampicillin (100%) and ceftriaxone (100%) antibiotics. The prevalence of resistance against imipenem (10.52%) and chloramphenicol (23.68%) was lower than other antibiotics. SEA (63.15%) and SEB (52.26%) were the most frequently detected enterotoxins in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. The simultaneous presence of multiple enterotoxin encoding genes and multiple resistance against several antibiotics in methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from vegetable, and salad samples represent an important health-related concern in this kind of food samples. Preventing uncontrolled administration of antibiotics can reduce the risk of enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant S. aureus enterotoxin in vegetables and salads. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

389 - High tetracycline resistance alarm in Iran
sahar nouri Mohammad Nodargah

The bacterial resistance to antibiotics have become a worldwide health concern. Tetracycline has not been excluded, its low price and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent activity have led to high consumption in the aspects of health care and food hygiene. Escherichia col More

The bacterial resistance to antibiotics have become a worldwide health concern. Tetracycline has not been excluded, its low price and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent activity have led to high consumption in the aspects of health care and food hygiene. Escherichia coli is an indicator of bacterial species in food, human, and livestock health, which has led to a good model for studying antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the E.coli strains tetracycline resistance status in food, human and animal populations of Iran up to 2018. The discussion about food is important as a common area of human, animal populations and environment and also as one of the resistant strain transmission factors. A survey of the study’s results showed that the average resistance to Tetracycline in poultry with Colibacillosis 86/74 percent, human isolates 64/11 percent and food isolates are 60/9 percent. Regarding this level of resistance, it is recommended that the distribution and consumption of tetracycline in Iran should be discontinue for a period of time in order to reduce the population of resistant strains by other antibiotics and methods. The molecular epidemiology and affecting factors of resistance creation should be evaluate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

390 - Study the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from poultry meat in Isfahan in the summer of 2019
reza mousavi Ebrahim Rahimi Amir Shakerian

10.30495/jfm.2021.683628

Poultry meat is considered as one of the sources of Escherichia coli O157. The present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolates of poultry meat samples presented in Isfahan. In total, 500 meat samples wer More

Poultry meat is considered as one of the sources of Escherichia coli O157. The present study was performed to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli O157 isolates of poultry meat samples presented in Isfahan. In total, 500 meat samples were collected from diverse poultry samples supplied in Isfahan and evaluated for the presence of Escherichia coli O157 using microbial culture. Suspicious isolates were confirmed by PCR test. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of isolates was investigated using the antibiotic disk diffusion test. Forty-four out of a total of 500 samples (8.80%) were contaminated with Escherichia coli O157. The highest level of contamination was related to duck meat (16%) and the lowest was related to quail meat (3%). There was a statistically significant difference of P Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

391 - Prevalence of Staphylococci spp and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern isolated from foodstuffs in Isfahan in 2015-2016
sina mobasherizadeh Laleh Hoveida behrooz ataei sodabeh rostami Abaas Ataei

10.30495/jfm.2021.683638

In developing countries, the presence and diversity of Staphylococcus species in foodstuffs have not been comprehensively studied. So, the present study aimed to investigate the dissemination of Staphylococcus spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern isolated More

In developing countries, the presence and diversity of Staphylococcus species in foodstuffs have not been comprehensively studied. So, the present study aimed to investigate the dissemination of Staphylococcus spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern isolated from foodstuffs in Isfahan in 2015-2016. A total of 194 foodstuff samples were collected from different parts of Isfahan city and processed for the presence of Staphylococcus spp. The conventional tests were used for the primary detection of bacteria and the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA was used for the species identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was determined by the disk diffusion method. From a total of 194 food samples, 92 Gram-positive cocci (47.5%) were isolated. Of them, 84 isolates were Staphylococcus spp., 7 Macrococcus spp and one Micrococcus spp. The most prevalent species were S. aureus 25% (21/84), S. vitulinus 15.5% (13/84) and S. succinus sub casei 11.9% (10/84). The most antibiotic resistance rates were against penicillin (59/5%) and tetracycline (20.2%) while the lowest antibiotic resistance rates were observed for levofloxacin, rifampicin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. Characterization of Staphylococcus species is important for epidemiological investigations. Proper identification and management practices including analysis of 16S rRNA for the species identification should be considered to increase food safety and prevent extra treatment costs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

392 - Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and frequency of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw and frozen meat
Manizhe Rezaloo Abbasali Motalebi Zohreh Mashak Seyed Amir Ali Anvar

10.30495/jfm.2022.1951461.1762

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are considered as the main causes of food spoilage and occasionally foodborne diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic resistance and frequency of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains i More

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are considered as the main causes of food spoilage and occasionally foodborne diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic resistance and frequency of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from meat. A total of 120 samples of raw and frozen meat were collected. Samples were evaluated for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using conventional microbial culture. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Genomic DNA was extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and the frequency of virulence factors was assessed using the polymerase chain reaction. Eleven out of 120 meat samples (9.16%) were contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in raw and curled meat samples was 5.00 and 13.33%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa between raw and frozen meat samples (P <0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had the highest rate of antibiotic resistance against ampicillin (100%), penicillin (90.90%) and tetracycline (81.81%). The prevalence of resistance to imipenem (9.09%) and trimethoprim (18.18%) antibiotics was lower than other cases. ExoU (54.54%) and exoT (18.18%) genes were the most frequent virulence factors detected. The simultaneous presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw and frozen meat increases the need for further studies to confirm the role of this bacterium as an important food-spoilage bacterium. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

393 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of enterotoxin-producing S. aureus isolated from creamy pastries
Zahra Hashemi Mojtaba Bonyadian Hamdallah Moshtaghi

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin-producing S.aureus in creamy pastries presented in confectionery in Shahrekord and to determine their antibiotic resistance. One hundred fifty samples were randomly selected from creamy pastries. Microbi More

The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin-producing S.aureus in creamy pastries presented in confectionery in Shahrekord and to determine their antibiotic resistance. One hundred fifty samples were randomly selected from creamy pastries. Microbial tests for isolation of S. aureus were performed by culturing in a nutrient broth and then cultured on a Beards Parker agar and suspected colonies were confirmed by standard complementary tests including gram staining, catalase test, and coagulase. Isolates were tested for presence of enterotoxin genes (A, B, C, D) by Multiplex PCR. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method. Overall, 38 (25.3%) samples were contaminated with S. aureus. 21 isolates (28%) and 17 isolates (22.7%) were related to summer and winter samples respectively. Thirteen isolates (29%) of S. aureus contained enterotoxin genes. 11 isolates (84. 61%) contained SEA, and 2 isolates (5.3%) contained the SEC gene. Totally, 9 (70%) enterotoxigenic isolates were related to summer and 30% to winter samples. None of the isolates had SEB, SED genes. Four (30%) enterotoxigenic isolates related to creamy pastry and 9 (70%) to creamy bread. Antibiogram test showed that the highest sensitivity to sulfamethoxazole (97.36%) and erythromycin (63.15%). Also, all enterotoxigenic isolates were resistant to penicillin and 95% with SEA gene were resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin.The results of present study revealed that contamination of creamy pastries with S. aureus capable of producing enterotoxin and resistance to some antibiotics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

394 - Genotypic and Phenotypic Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Traditional Butter and Cream in Isfahan
Nahal Salimi Mohammad Ahmadi Ebrahim Rahimi

10.30495/jfm.2022.683636

Acinetobacter species are saprophytic and have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, 100 samples of traditional butter and cream, were evaluated for the presence of the A. baumannii. The A. baumannii isolates were genotyped based on virulence genes More

Acinetobacter species are saprophytic and have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. In this study, 100 samples of traditional butter and cream, were evaluated for the presence of the A. baumannii. The A. baumannii isolates were genotyped based on virulence genes and phenotype according to antibiotic resistance patterns. The results showed that from 50 samples of butter and cream, 2 samples (4%) and 1 sample (2%) were contaminated with A. baumannii. Antibiotic resistance examination showed that all isolates were resistant to the antibiotics of meropenem, imipenem, chloramphenicol, methicillin, carbapenem and fusidic acid. The most abundant genes encoding antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii strains were tetA, tetB, dfrA1, aac (3) -IV, sul1, cnf2, csgA, jurA, citm, blasHV, aadA1 and Aac3IV. The results also showed that the most abundant virulent genes in A. baumannii strains that detected from traditional milk and dairy products were fimH, papC, Pai and kpsmTII, respectively. It is recommended to use a preventive method to reduce or eradicate A. baumannii from the human food chain and to prevent the spread of infection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

395 - Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from fish and shrimp caught from the Persian Gulf
Neda Noroozi Hassan Momtaz Elahe Tajbakhsh

10.30495/jfm.2022.1938722.1730

The present study was performed to evaluate the occurrence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf. A total of 240 seafood samples caught from the Persian Gulf, including 12 More

The present study was performed to evaluate the occurrence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from fish and shrimp samples caught from the Persian Gulf. A total of 240 seafood samples caught from the Persian Gulf, including 120 fish and 120 shrimp samples were collected from Bushehr province. The presence of E. faecalis was confirmed using microbial culture and biochemical tests. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis isolates was evaluated using Disc Diffusion Method. Fifty-four out of 240 (22.50%) samples were contaminated with E. faecalis. The contamination of E. faecalis in fish and shrimp samples were 30% and 15 percent, respectively. E. faecalis strains isolated from fish and shrimp samples had the highest resistance to gentamicin (100%), tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (100%), cefazolin (90.74%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88.88%) antibiotics. Resistance to chloramphenicol was not observed in any of the isolates. The results of the study showed that fish and shrimp can be considered as possible sources of antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis. Therefore, complete cooking of seafood before consumption, observance of hygiene in fishing and sale centers and prescribing antibiotics according to the results of the disk diffusion test can prevent gastrointestinal infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of E. faecalis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

396 - Detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from curd and cheese
Rahil Kiyanpour Berjoee Hassan Momtaz Lida Lotfollahi zahra bamzaheh

10.30495/jfm.2022.1943942.1741

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans and animals. Microbial contamination of food usually leads to widespread food poisoning in the form of widespread epidemics in the region, which is very significant in terms of public healt More

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans and animals. Microbial contamination of food usually leads to widespread food poisoning in the form of widespread epidemics in the region, which is very significant in terms of public health and is one of the most important issues in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products using culture method and final confirmation by PCR method. In this study, 150 different dairy samples offered in the market were purchased randomly. The samples were transferred to the laboratory under hygienic conditions and examined. In addition to culture medium experiments, positive samples were evaluated for final confirmation and identification of the pathogen by molecular PCR.14 (9.33%) positive samples including 6 samples of white cheese (4%), 4 samples of cream cheese (2.6%), and 3 samples of curd (2%) were positive for contamination. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was highly sensitive to clindamycin (47.37%). It is noteworthy that it was resistant to several drugs.The presence of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy products (cheese, cream cheese, and whey) was proven. Based on the results, people who consume contaminated dairy products are at potential risk of listeriosis. As a result, food safety authorities must establish an effective standard for examining the presence of Listeria in food. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

397 - Evaluation of contamination of raw milk and traditional butter in Amol city with Listeria monocytogenes and determination of their antibiotic resistance.
Negin Najafi Mahdi Sharifi Soltani Atefeh Bozorgi Makerani

10.30495/jfm.2022.1945672.1748

Listeria is one of the most important bacteria that contaminates milk and milk products. The main species that causes listeriosis in humans and animals and is transmitted through contaminated food is Listeria monocytogenes. For this purpose, in order to identify Listeri More

Listeria is one of the most important bacteria that contaminates milk and milk products. The main species that causes listeriosis in humans and animals and is transmitted through contaminated food is Listeria monocytogenes. For this purpose, in order to identify Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk and traditional butter, in the spring of 1400, 40 samples of raw milk (20) and traditional butter (20) were collected from traditional dairy stores in Amol city. The samples were immediately transferred to a food microbiology laboratory in cold condition. The samples were first cultured in peptone water enrichment medium and then the enriched samples were transferred to Palkam Listeria selective agar medium with selective Listeria monocytogenes supplementation. Then antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolates was determined by disk diffusion method using the antibiotics ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. From the total samples, the prevalence of Listeria species in raw milk and butter was 35% and 10%, respectively. The results of antibiotic susceptibility and resistance test of raw milk samples showed that they were resistant to ampicillin 85.7% and tetracycline 71.4% and among butter samples only erythromycin was 100% resistant and ampicillin 100% semi-resistant. The mean of the obtained results in the antibiogram test were analyzed with 95% confidence and one-way analysis of variance. The results of the present study indicate the potential risk of infection due to consumption of raw milk and traditional butter to Listeria monocytogenes and raw milk had higher risk than butter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

398 - Determining antibiotic resistance pattern in Enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from checken and sheep meat in Shahrekord city
elahe barzam الهه تاج بخش Hassan Momtaz

Usually, contaminated food is one of the main causes of human infections, and in this case, poultry meat and sheep are considered as the main causes. Enterobacter cloacae strains, having different virulence factors and multiple antibiotic resistance are mainly considere More

Usually, contaminated food is one of the main causes of human infections, and in this case, poultry meat and sheep are considered as the main causes. Enterobacter cloacae strains, having different virulence factors and multiple antibiotic resistance are mainly considered as an opportunistic pathogen. In this research, the isolation of Enterobacter cloacae from chicken and sheep meat samples in Shahrekord in 2019 was done by microbial and molecular methods. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by disc diffusion method and microtitre plate method was used to check biofilm production. The ability to produce broad-spectrum β-lactamase enzymes was investigated through phenotypic and genotypic methods. Out of 384 examined samples, Enterobacter cloacae were identified in 25 samples (6.51%) which also confirmed in the presence of the hsp60 in molecular analysis. Among these, 18 samples were related to chicken meat (72%) and 7 samples (28%) were related to sheep meat. The highest antibiotic resistance to cotrimoxazole and cefotaxime was reported in 20 isolates (80%) and the lowest resistance to nitrofuranthein was reported in 15 isolates (23.8%). In microtiter method. 15 isolates (60%) showed strong biofilm reaction, 10 isolates (40%) showed moderate biofilm reaction. The present study indicates that ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae strains have a relatively high prevalence. The increase in the number of these strains is often caused by the irrational prescription of antibiotics, which requires the use of new antimicrobial agents,. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

399 - Prevalence, Antibiotic Resistance Pattern, and Frequency of Enterotoxin Coding Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Isolated from Some Ready-to-Eat Foods
Manouchehr Momeni shahraki S. Siavash Saei-Dehkordi Zahra Hemati

10.30495/jfm.2023.1989912.1824

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen to induce food poisoning in humans. This bacterium possesses the ability to produce heat-resistant enterotoxins. This investigation examined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pa More

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen to induce food poisoning in humans. This bacterium possesses the ability to produce heat-resistant enterotoxins. This investigation examined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance patterns, and frequency of enterotoxin coding genes in MRSAisolates obtained from ready-to-eat foods. One hundred and twenty-five samples of ready-to-eat food were collected and transported to the laboratory on ice. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated using microbial culture, and MRSAisolates were confirmed using cefoxitin and oxacillin discs. The antibiotic resistance patterns and frequency of enterotoxin coding genes were determined through disc diffusion and PCR methods, respectively. The prevalence of MRSAwas 68.42%, 66.66%, 62.5%, and 28.57% in pounded kebab, grilled chicken, hamburger, and sausage samples, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains exhibited the highest resistance to penicillin (100%), doxycycline (80.64%), tetracycline (77.41%), and erythromycin (70.96%). The isolates exhibited the lowest resistance against vancomycin and rifampin (22.58%). The prevalence of enterotoxin genes, SEA and SEG, was reported as 58.06% and 61.29%, respectively. The simultaneous presence of multiple enterotoxin coding genes and resistance to various antibiotics in MRSAstrains isolated from ready-to-eat food samples highlights a significant health concern within this food category. Preventing the indiscriminate use of antibiotics can mitigate the risk of methicillin-resistant enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat foods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

400 - Study of the contamination of traditional cheeses produced in Maragheh city to Escherichia coli O157:H7
Saman Mahdavi

Abstract This study was conducted in villages of Maragheh city to determine the contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in traditional cheeses. A total of 100 cheese samples were cultured in Tryptic soy broth containing cefixime and then they were transferred to Mac More

Abstract This study was conducted in villages of Maragheh city to determine the contamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in traditional cheeses. A total of 100 cheese samples were cultured in Tryptic soy broth containing cefixime and then they were transferred to Mac conkey sorbitol agar containing cefixime and potassium tellurite. Suspicious colonies were stained (Gram staining) and identified by IMVC and other tests. Isolated Escherichia coli were tested for detection of O and H serotypes by direct agglutination method. Cheese samples were also tested for pH and NaCl content. Antibiogram test was done on Escherichia coli isolates by Kirby-bauer’s method. No Escherichia coli O157:H7was detected in the studied samples. In this study, other serotypes of Escherichia coli were isolated containing 32 non O157 serotypes. These serotypes including, Enteropathogenic (O55, O127, O86, O114, O44, O126, O125), Enterotoxigenic (O20, O128) and Verotoxigenic (O26, O111). All of the isolated strains were resistant to Ampicillin and Polymyxin B. The effect of prevalence ratio of Escherichia coli serotypes from pH and NaCl content was not significant statistically (p>0.05). From the results of this study it seems that traditional cheese could be a potent carrier to transmit the various serotype of Escherichia coli and cause disease in human. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

401 - مقایسه اثرات ضد باکتریایی عصاره های اوکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus globules Labill) و پنیرک (Malva neglecta Wallr)
مجید دوست محمدی پیمان عبداله زاده حامد علیزاده

مقدمه و هدف: نتایج مطالعات زیادی نشان می دهد که بسیاری از گیاهان می توانند بدون بروز اثرات مضر و ایجاد مقاومت های آنتی بیوتیکی در درمان بیماری های باکتریایی به کار برده شوند. اوکالیپتوس و پنیرک از گیاهان دارویی بومی ایران بوده که به علت وجود ترکیبات شیمیایی مختلف، دارای More

مقدمه و هدف: نتایج مطالعات زیادی نشان می دهد که بسیاری از گیاهان می توانند بدون بروز اثرات مضر و ایجاد مقاومت های آنتی بیوتیکی در درمان بیماری های باکتریایی به کار برده شوند. اوکالیپتوس و پنیرک از گیاهان دارویی بومی ایران بوده که به علت وجود ترکیبات شیمیایی مختلف، دارای فعالیت ضد میکروبی علیه برخی از باکتری ها می باشند. هدف از این مطالعه، مقایسه اثرات ضد میکروبی گیاهان دارویی اوکالیپتوس و پنیرک بر روی باکتری های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، انتروکوکوس فکالیس، سالمونلا تیفی موریوم و سودوموناس آئروژینوزا می باشد..روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه ابتدا عصاره های آبی، اتانولی، استونی و کلروفرمی از برگ های خشک شده اوکالیپتوس و پنیرک تهیه شدند. سپس میزان MIC و MBC عصاره ها با روش رقت سازی و اثر وابسته به دوز عصاره ها نیز با روش انتشار چاهکی در آگار انجام گردید.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان دادند که عصاره های هر دو گیاه دارای فعالیت ضد میکروبی علیه باکتری های مورد آزمایش می باشند، اما اثرات ضد میکروبی انواع عصاره های اوکالیپتوس نسبت به پنیرک بیشتر است و این عصاره ها می توانند در ساخت داروهای جدید با منشا گیاهی به کار گرفته شوند.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به مشاهده اثر ضد میکروبی در عصاره های اکالیپتوس و پنیرک در این مطالعه توصیه می شود پس از مطالعات انسانی، داروهای گیاهی از این گیاهان تهیه عرضه شود. Manuscript profile

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402 - بررسی عصاره آبی و اتانولی زرشک معمولی بر باکتری های گرم منفی مقاوم به چند آنتی بیوتیک (MDR)
زهرا عطائی کچوئی سیما یحیی آبادی منیر دودی

مقدمه و هدف:در سال های اخیر بدلیل مصرف بی رویه غیر منطقی داروهای مصنوعی میزان مقاومت دارویی  میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا در حال افزایش است و نیاز به ترکیبات جدید می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی هفت گونه باکتری بیماری More

مقدمه و هدف:در سال های اخیر بدلیل مصرف بی رویه غیر منطقی داروهای مصنوعی میزان مقاومت دارویی  میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا در حال افزایش است و نیاز به ترکیبات جدید می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی هفت گونه باکتری بیماری زای گرم منفی مقاوم به چند داروی شایع در محیط آزمایشگاه بود.این مطالعه بر روی 100 نمونه از سویه های باکتریایی اشریشیا کلای، کلبسیلا پنومونیه،, پروتئوس میرابیلیس، سیتروباکتر فروندی، انتروباکتر آئروژنز، سودوموناس آئروژینوزاو اسینتوباکتر بومانی که همگی مقاوم به چند دارو (MDR) بوده و از آزمایشگاه تشخیص طبی وحید زرین شهر و بیمارستان های شریعتی،صدوقی و غرضی شهر اصفهان جداسازی شده بودند و هم چنین بر روی سویه های استاندارد این باکتری ها تهیه شده از سازمان پژوهش های علمی و صنعتی ایران انجام گرفت. روش تحقیق:میوه زرشک معمولی از مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان تهیه گردید. عصاره آبی و اتانولی  به روش خیساندن تهیه گردید. بعد از تعیین هویت باکتری ها، مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی آن ها با روش انتشار دیسک تعیین گردید. بررسی اثر ضد باکتریایی عصاره  آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی بر روی رشد باکتری های مقاوم به چند دارو با روش انتشار چاهک در چهار غلظت 50 100 400و800 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بررسی شد. هم چنین حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی این عصاره ها روی باکتری ها به روش ماکرو دایلوشن صورت گرفت. داده های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون  آماری  کراسکال والیس و من ویتنی  تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. نتایج و بحث:در وش انتشار چاهک عصاره اتانولی و آبی میوه زرشک معمولی اثر مهارکنندگی قابل ملاحظه ای بر روی رشد ایزوله ها نشان داد. همچنین عصاره اتانولی و آبی میوه زرشک معمولی اثر مهارکنندگی بر روی سویه های استاندارد  این باکتری ها داشت.نتایج نشان دهنده ی اثر بسیار عالی عصاره اتانولی زرشک  در غلظت 800 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر بر تمام سویه های باکتریایی بود. قابل قبول ترین غلظت مهارکنندگی رشد و حداقل غلظت کشندگی عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک برای باکتری ها به ترتیب 50 و 100 میلی گرم بر میلی لیتر گزارش شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی:نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره آبی و اتانولی میوه زرشک معمولی  بر روی باکتری های مقاوم چند دارو(MDR) اثر ضد باکتریایی دارد و استفاده از آن به عنوان جایگزین آنتی بیوتیک پس از بررسی های بیشتر جهت درمان توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile

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403 - Syrian Crisis and Iran's National Security
حسین ربیعی جعفر نقدی سجاد نجفی

Abstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can af More

Abstract: The Syrian crisis is one of the most important event that has influenced Iran’s foreign policy and also national security in a way that the situation in Syria has become a zero sum game for Iran. Any development in the political structure of Syria can affect the security of Iran. For years Syria has been the gateway for Iran’s presence in the Arab world. The weakening and fall of the position of President Bashar Assad would undermine Iran’s influence in the Arab world. Taking into consideration the above situation, the present article pursues the following objectives: 1. Explaining the strategic importance of Syria for Iran, 2. Explaining the impact of Syrian crisis on national security of Iran in different areas, 3. Explaining Iran’s competition with regional and extra- regional powers in Syria, 4. Explaining the security strategy of Iran vis-à-vis the Syrian crisis. The paper also examines this hypothesis that the national security of Iran will decline with the continuation of Syrian crisis by the threats of regional and extra-regional powers. The paper makes use of the theory of balance of threat to evaluate the hypothesis which can explain the threats to Iran in Syria. The methodology used in the paper is historical, descriptive and analytical. The finding of the study shows that the continuation of Syrian crisis has led to change of balance of threat against Iran and that is why Iran intervened to balance the situation. Therefore Iran’s strategy for ending the crisis in Syria is full-fledged support for Bashar Assad’s regime. Manuscript profile

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404 - The Sadrist Process and the emergence of Identity Backwardness on Iraq Resistance in both terms of Hard and Soft Dimensions
Abdolreza Alishahi Hossein Masoudnia Younes Forouzan

10.30495/pir.2019.664713

In this paper authors' aim to answer the question of why and how the Sadr Process, as an influential current in Iraq, has led to the emergence of divergence among the Shiites of Iraq in particular and the resistance front in general? The hypothesis of the article is tha More

In this paper authors' aim to answer the question of why and how the Sadr Process, as an influential current in Iraq, has led to the emergence of divergence among the Shiites of Iraq in particular and the resistance front in general? The hypothesis of the article is that the pragmatic approaches of the Sadr Process have led to the emergence of rebellion among the Shiites of Iraq and the resistance front in the region, and this problem is seen Resistance in both terms of hard and soft Dimensions. The findings of the paper, which are based on the theory of constructivism and behavioral theory of political activists, using the analytical-descriptive method and the use of written and virtual resources confirms that, in a hard dimension, the Sadr Process is interspersed with Saudi Arabia and a strategic coalition with the current Ayad Allawi, A secular Shiite and trusted America and Saudi Arabia and deep challenges with other Iraqi Shiite currents and in the soft dimension, by adopting retrograde positions towards the Islamic Republic of Iran, Syria, Saudi Shiites and Yemen, and the dual positions of the Shiite Iraqi authorities he is trying to create an independent Arab Shiite front Manuscript profile

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405 - Iranian Strategic Culture and the Limitations of Washington's Coercive Diplomacy against Tehran
Majid Gholampour Ghaffar Zarei Ali Mohammad Haghighi

10.30495/pir.2021.686948

This study is to "evaluate the impact of Iranian strategic culture on Tehran's response to Washington's coercive diplomacy. The question is, "How has the strategic culture of Iran affected its response to Washington's wills i.e. giving up the ideals of the Islamic Revol More

This study is to "evaluate the impact of Iranian strategic culture on Tehran's response to Washington's coercive diplomacy. The question is, "How has the strategic culture of Iran affected its response to Washington's wills i.e. giving up the ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The findings of the study, obtained through an inferential methodology and analyzed relying on the power of individual understanding, show that the nine components of Iranian strategic culture in regard of diplomacy and defense, including "martyrdom", "resistance", "emphasis on deterrence", tactical flexibility, "Strategic ambiguity", "strategic patience", "self-reliance", "strategic loneliness and a sense of vulnerability" and "the mission of the leadership of Islam and the region" and its 5 characteristics including "achieving the truth of trust", "courage" , "rationalism", "intelligent and thoughtful leadership" and "hybrid and multidimensional nature has led Iran to understand the extravagant and self-reinforcing nature of coercive diplomacy and the importance of resisting US pressure and to prevent an onset for the domino of being blackmailed by US. Thus, the interactions between Iran and US during the past four decades have been based on either the principle of "privilege for privilege" or "reciprocity." Manuscript profile

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406 - The role of the Iranian Islamic Revolution model in the formation of the axis of Islamic resistance
MAHDI LOTFI ALI SHIRKHANI Mehdi Javadani Moghadam

10.30495/pir.2023.1975787.3587

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution as a representative of the discourse of revolutionary Islam, the issue of Palestine and the support of liberation movements have been recognized as one of the basic principles of Iran. between the resistance groups, to assume t More

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution as a representative of the discourse of revolutionary Islam, the issue of Palestine and the support of liberation movements have been recognized as one of the basic principles of Iran. between the resistance groups, to assume the leadership position of the core of the resistance axis, the main question of this research is what is the role of Iran's model in the formation of the resistance axis. In this research, it is assumed that Iran, as a phenomenon with its own characteristics, has been able to be an identity model for the survival of the resistance movement. The theoretical framework of the research was developed based on the Copenhagen school and the security theory of Bozan. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the required information and data were collected based on documentary and library methods.The result obtained from this research is the formation of a security axis with Iran's leadership, which should play an optimal role and while deepening cooperation and developing relations, in other fields, especially the economic dimension and promoting the position of resistance in the political arena. Domestic countries take steps Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

407 - .Urban Politics and the Informality of Waste Picking in Tehran
Maryam Isari Alireza Shojaeizand

The present study aimed to study the relationship between urban politics and informal life of waste pickers in Tehran. The method of the study was case study and various observation and interviewing tools along with document analysis have been used. Urban policies in th More

The present study aimed to study the relationship between urban politics and informal life of waste pickers in Tehran. The method of the study was case study and various observation and interviewing tools along with document analysis have been used. Urban policies in the area of urban space representation is dominated by discourses of development, modernism, and beautification. The results identified two patterns of criminological and pathological representation of informal life of waste pickers in urban space. Spatial practices operate in two forms of disciplinary and elimination policies. Disciplinary policies include timing, placing, selection-monitoring and normalization policies. These policies operate through boundary management (or territorial sovereignty) and the ongoing movement of urban government between the formal and informal arenas and in case of violation, it shifts to punitive policies. Elimination policies also occur periodically during alliances between organizations involved in urban governance and in times of coalition failure between the public and private sectors. Spatial practices work with three goals of earning profit, securing authority, and restoring lost organizational legitimacy for urban governance. The nature of urban policies around the informal life of waste pickers can be considered as a model of informal governance with the main elements of the rule of borderline governance. In contrast, waste pickers apply patterns of obvious and hidden resistances in their living spaces with the aim of delegitimizing of sources of power and recognition of themselves. Manuscript profile

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408 - .The digital city and the increasing tendency of women to virtual marriage
BATOOL Hasani Sadi Mansour . Haghighatian. Esmaeil Jahanbakhsh

10.30495/uss.2021.682365

.This study aimed to analyze the impact of the digital city on women's willingness to find a marriage partner through the virtual space in the city of Kerman.  16 female users were selected through a theoretical and purposeful sampling technique. The data collectio More

.This study aimed to analyze the impact of the digital city on women's willingness to find a marriage partner through the virtual space in the city of Kerman.  16 female users were selected through a theoretical and purposeful sampling technique. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and MAX Q DA software version 12 was used to process the data. The findings showed that a significant number of users in the virtual marriage sites were married women who used the anonymity of virtual space to their own advantage. After combining, integrating and comparing concepts, Five common categories were found among married and single female users (chat addiction, having limited  experience, evading of face-to-face dating, sex as entertaiment). There were also two specific categories of married female users (disguise of marital status and and low satisfaction with marriage) and two specific categories of single female users (sense of freedom and chat as a cure for loneliness). Based on story line by participants, a core category entitled “chat as a resistance shelter of urban momen” was revealed. Manuscript profile

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409 - ارائه الگوی تحقق اقتصاد مقاومتی در مدیریت شهری با رویکرد دانش و فناوری(مطالعه موردی: منطقه14 شهرداری تهران)
تحسین ربیعی نژاد عباس ارغان زینب کرکه آبادی

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410 - بررسی ژئوپلیتیک مقاومت شیعیان در بحرین بدنبال تحولات خاورمیانه و شمال آفریقا
عزت‌الله عزتی دلشاد خضری علی رحیمی

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411 - بررسی راهبرد اقتصاد مقاومتی با محوریت انرژی گاز در بستر جغرافیایی سیاسی ایران
خوشنود عزیزنژاد عزت اله عزتی

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412 - .
mehrali yazdanpanah parvane ramezani

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413 - Investigating the relationship between water stress index (CWSI) and yield of maize in Qazvin region
reza saeidi

In order to scheduling the irrigation time and estimation the crop yield with CWSI index, a research was done on maize (S.C. 704). The experiment was performed as factorial in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were included the water stress in growth stages More

In order to scheduling the irrigation time and estimation the crop yield with CWSI index, a research was done on maize (S.C. 704). The experiment was performed as factorial in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were included the water stress in growth stages of 6-leaf, 12-leaf, flowering, seeds doughing and a control treatment with full irrigation. At the threshold of water stress, CWSI index values for the above growth stages were estimated to be 0.37, 0.54, 0.63 and 0.47, respectively. Therefore, irrigation time was recommended when the CWSI index reached to the above values. Maize biomass yield in control and stress treatments at growth stages of 6-leaf, 12-leaf, flowering and seeds doughing, was measured equal to 60.1, 55.5, 48.2, 45.1 and 50 (t.ha-1), respectively. The results showed there was a relationship of Y(ton.ha-1)=-25.603CWSI+62.049 between the CWSI index and maize yield. Therefore, crop yield was estimated by the amount of CWSI index. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

414 - Escherichia coli evaluation of Resistance of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections city of Boroujerd broad-spectrum antibiotic and its relation to age, sex and region of this individual
Hamzeh asadi Amir gharib Rohangez Eftekhari najme joodaki

Introduction : Urinary tract infections are rarely dangerous killing disease is the most common of respiratory tract infection after infection. More than 85% of urinary tract infections in women by 90% the number of E.coilis reached. This study is the relationship with More

Introduction : Urinary tract infections are rarely dangerous killing disease is the most common of respiratory tract infection after infection. More than 85% of urinary tract infections in women by 90% the number of E.coilis reached. This study is the relationship with gender diseases in the city of Boroujerd and by the resistance of separated for the usual antibiotics, the patients are referred to treatment centers. method : In this study, 50 samples of Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection After recording the data in the questionnaire, using standard biochemical methods to detect and was purified. results: Of the 50 patients, 42 patients (84%) of patients were female and 8 patients (16%) of them were male, and all samples (100%) were susceptible to tobramycin and the highest resistance with 26 samples (52%) related to nalidixic the acid were investigated. Discussion : Notable in this study was that most patients were female gender and youth in their teens and Boroujerd were related to 1 area.Due to the increased secretion of sex hormones and sugar ,.because low levels of in this age and health conditions in the region. Conclusion: Open culture and health, and solutions to prevent the spread of bacteria and excessive use antibiotics are necessary Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

415 - Molecular Identification of Quinolone Resistance Genes (aac (6 ') - ib-cr and qnrS) and Determination of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Salmonella Isolated from Laying Poultry of East Azarbaijan Province
hossein nikpiran younes anzabi abdolrahman mohammadi

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of salmonellosis is of particular interest both in veterinary medicine and in medicine. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics in the therapeutic debate, resistance to these agents has increased among bacteria. The aim of this s More

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of salmonellosis is of particular interest both in veterinary medicine and in medicine. Due to the widespread use of antibiotics in the therapeutic debate, resistance to these agents has increased among bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of quinolone resistance genes and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella isolates from laying poultry. For this purpose, in a period of approximately three months in 1977, 20 cases of reference laying hens were sampled from different farms with symptoms of Salmonella. Biochemical tests were used to identify the isolates and to determine the serotype by the Kauffman White method for the identification of somatic O antigen and flagella H. After serotyping in the Muller Hinton Agar environment, antibiogram tests were performed using the disks of anrofloxacin, phosphomycin, danofloxacin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, soltreim, erythromycin and amoxicillin. After determination of qnrs and aac (6 ') - ib-cr resistance genes, the respective primers were designed. Bacterial genes were extracted by boiling and the presence of the genes was evaluated by PCR. Positive samples indicate the presence of quinolone resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from laying poultry. The findings of this study indicate the risk of resistance in herds in the province and highlight the importance of addressing this issue by national health authorities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

416 - On the Analysis of Barriers in front of Domestic Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with Emphasis on Resistive Economy to Deprived Areas from Basiji Jihadist Students' Points of View (Case Study: Kamfiroz Rural District, Marvdasht County)
M. Rahmanian koushki Y. Zarei A. Estelaji

Small scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurshi More

Small scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurship is one of the best fields of women’s economic activity, particularly in rural areas, its development is facing lots of obstacles and limitations.Accordingly, the present study was done with the aim of analyzing the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship with emphasis on resistive economy. The dominant approach of this study was quantitative based on survey method. The population included 150 Basiji Jihadist students in Marvdasht Islamic Azad university (N=150) which were studied using census method. Finally, 126 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Questionnaire was the main tool to collect data. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and specialists. In order to determine the reliability of the research tool, a pre-test was performed. The Cronbach alpha was calculated for the main scale of the questionnaire (α = 0.794), which indicated the suitability of the research tool. The data was analyzed using SPSSwin22 and LISREL 8.80 software. For identifying obstacles in front of home entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy, and to investigate the good index of the research model, the exploratory factor analysis and also, confirmatory factor analysis as well as structural equations model (SEM) were employed, separately. The results of factor analysis related to the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship showed that variables have been subjected to six factors of supportive weakness, economic barriers, cultural and social barriers, knowledge and information giving weaknesses, family barriers and lack of relevant laws. These six factor explained 70.521 % variance of the obstacles in front of domestic entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy. Finally, some recommendations were developed based on the research findings.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

417 - The Role of Resistance Economy in Urban Management with Cultural Policy Approach (Case Study: District 14 of Tehran Municipality)
tahsin rabiei nejad abbas arghan zeinab karke abadi

Introduction: In the current situation where the country is facing many economic problems and issues in some sectors due to sanctions, taking a step towards a resilient economy in the urban area can be a good platform for proper spending and reducing urban costs, realiz More

Introduction: In the current situation where the country is facing many economic problems and issues in some sectors due to sanctions, taking a step towards a resilient economy in the urban area can be a good platform for proper spending and reducing urban costs, realizing the capacity. The potential of the city, the optimal and timely use of existing opportunities, urban management strategies and the use of creativity and innovation.Research aim: The main purpose of this research is to study and explain the pattern of realization of resistance economy in urban management with a cultural policy approach.Methodology: The present research is applied from the perspective of the purpose and is considered descriptive-analytical from the perspective of the research method. In this research, a model has been presented through documentary study and with the help of Delphi method and expert opinion. Data analysis was first performed using descriptive statistics.Study Areas: The study area in this study is District 14 of Tehran, which is located in the east of the city and between Piroozi St. in the north, Khavaran St. in the south, Basij Highway in the east and 17 Shahrivar St. in the west. Its area, including the area (in the east of the region) is 22.3 square kilometers. Its population is 377,104 according to the statistics of the year ninety-four. This area has 6 districts and 21 neighborhoods.Results: The proposed model included a cultural policy dimension consisting of 3 components and 51 indicators. Then, for statistical analysis of the data, factor analysis methods were used and the research model was tested by structural equation method. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the obtained model will play an essential role in the realization of resistance economics in urban management through discourse, awareness and promotion of a culture of saving as components of cultural policy. Manuscript profile

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418 - Analysis of Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with Resistance Economics Approach with Emphasis on the Role of Constructive Mobilization in Guilan Central Area
Fahimeh Zahmatkesh Teymour Amar

An investigation about Entrepreneurship in the Rural regions considering Resistant Economy Approach emphasizing the Role of Sazandagi-Baseej in Central Parts of Gilan is aim of the article. The method of the investigation is Descriptive analytic and the method of the In More

An investigation about Entrepreneurship in the Rural regions considering Resistant Economy Approach emphasizing the Role of Sazandagi-Baseej in Central Parts of Gilan is aim of the article. The method of the investigation is Descriptive analytic and the method of the Information Collection is the Field Documentary. Entrepreneurs of the Statistical Society of the investigation is under the protection of the Baseej of the Rurals of Rasht,Anzali and Rudbar.The Sampling Community of the Mountainous Partition according to the Morgan Table in the plain of Rurals which contains 200 entrepreneurs and in the mountainous Rurals 70 ones.The investigation about entrepreneurship considering the activities in the plain regions differs from the mountainous region. existence of markets in Rasht and Anzali makes the products of clothing and tailoring more prevalent by Rurals. Matting handicrafts industry is the other activity which is prevalent in the villages of the plain partition in which raw materials is a kind of the plants which belongs to the region.The Rurals are interested in the activities and it is because of its profitableness. Generally speaking, 69% Entrepreneurs of plain regions of Rasht and Anzali and 72% of them from the mountainous region are under the protection of Baseej. Considering the kinds of the activities in the mountainous region 90% them belong the agriculture and%10belongs to services ones and most prevalent activities of the plain regions are as following: %30 of the activities belong to the agriculture, 22/5% of them belong to services and %47/5 of them belong to the industry. Manuscript profile

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419 - تاثیر کم آبیاری تنظیم شده در پاسخ به رشد Büchloe dactyloides (بووی و کودی) در مقایسه با Festuca arundinacea
میلاد اکبرزاده علی تهرانی فر بهداد علیزاده حسین انصاری

امروزه مدیریت چمن با کمبود آب مواجه است، که بیشتر به دلیل بارش کم، تقاضا و مصارف صنعتی، کشاورزی و خانگی است. بنابراین هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی تحمل به خشکی ارقام چمن فصل گرم و فصل سرد به سطوح مختلف کم آبیاری تنظیم شده بود. آزمایش مزرعهای در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با More

امروزه مدیریت چمن با کمبود آب مواجه است، که بیشتر به دلیل بارش کم، تقاضا و مصارف صنعتی، کشاورزی و خانگی است. بنابراین هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی تحمل به خشکی ارقام چمن فصل گرم و فصل سرد به سطوح مختلف کم آبیاری تنظیم شده بود. آزمایش مزرعهای در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه آزمایشی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، انجام شد. تیمارهای آبیاری (40، 70، 100 درصد کم آبیاری تنظیم شده) (RDI) به عنوان پلاتهای اصلی و چمنها به عنوان پلاتهای فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. مقدار آبیاری بر اساس مرجع روزانه تبخیر تعرق (ETO) بود. در تمام صفات اندازهگیری شده، رقمهای بووی و کودی بوفالوگراس واکنش بهتری نسبت به فستوکا نشان دادند. در صفات کیفی چمنها (مانند رنگ، بافت و کیفیت پس از سرزنی) تفاوت معنیداری با سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی داشتند. کودی کمترین کیفیت را برای شاخص رنگ نشان داده است. در حالی که برگهای ظریف در کودی و بووی ثبت شده اند، اما اختلاف معناداری با یکدیگر ندارند. با این حال فستوکا برگهای خشنتری را در این میان نشان داد. رقمهای بوفالوگراس در مقایسه با فستوکا بیشتر محتوای نسبی آب (RWC) را حفظ کردند. نتایج نشان داد که ارقام بوفالوگراس احتمالا میتوانند با شدت خشکی بیشتری روبرو شوند تا بتوانند کیفیت مورفولوژیکی خود را حفظ کرده و همچنین قادر به توجیه صفات فیزیولوژیکی آن در استرس شدید آب میباشند. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که ارقام بوفالوگراس، نیاز به آبیاری کمتری نسبت به فستوکا دارند. Manuscript profile

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420 - شناسایی مواد موثره موجود در عصاره و اسانس گیاه زینتی-دارویی سداب (Ruta graveolens L) و بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی آن‌ها
فاطمه ترابی داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی لیلا اسدپور

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی مواد موثره موجود در عصاره و اسانس گیاه زینتی-دارویی سداب و بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی آن‌ها انجام شد. بدین‌منظور در آبان ماه 1398 اندام هوایی سداب از زیستگاه طبیعی آن در ارتفاعات چابکسر-استان گیلان جمع‌آوری شد. برگ‌ها و ساقه گیاه در آون الکتریکی با دمای More

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی مواد موثره موجود در عصاره و اسانس گیاه زینتی-دارویی سداب و بررسی اثر ضد میکروبی آن‌ها انجام شد. بدین‌منظور در آبان ماه 1398 اندام هوایی سداب از زیستگاه طبیعی آن در ارتفاعات چابکسر-استان گیلان جمع‌آوری شد. برگ‌ها و ساقه گیاه در آون الکتریکی با دمای 75 درجه سانتی‌گراد به مدت 24 ساعت خشک و سپس توسط کلونجر عصاره‌ و اسانس گیاه استخراج شد. جهت شناسایی ترکیبات موثره عصاره و اسانس از GC-MS استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که Hexadecanoic acid، Isomaturnin، 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,5,6,7,8-heptamethy و12-methoxy-19-norpodocarpa به‌ترتیب بیشترین ترکیب موجود در اسانس برگ، اسانس ساقه، عصاره برگ و عصاره ساقه سداب است. نتایج تست میکروبی به روش دیسک دیفیوژن روی سویه‌های Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli نشان داد که عصاره برگ و ساقه سداب بیشترین اثر را در برابر مهار باکتری‌ A. baumannii دارد. بررسی نتایج MIC و MBC نشان داد که باکتری S. aureus با کمترین MIC و MBC حساس‌ترین باکتری در برابر اسانس برگ و ساقه سداب است درحالی‌که A. baumannii با کمترین MBC بیشترین حساسیت را به عصاره برگ سداب نشان داد. بنابراین می‌توان از عصاره و اسانس گیاه سداب به-عنوان یک ماده ضد میکروبی علیه باکتری‌های بیماری‌زای انسانی استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile

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421 - ارزیابی مقاومت مکانیکی ساقه گل ژربرا در واکنش به مصرف سیلیسیوم و اسید سالیسیلیک
میثم بابالار بهزاد ادریسی روح انگیز نادری

خم شدن ساقه و دمگل تحت تاثیر وزن گل یکی از مشکلات اصلی پس از برداشت در ژربرا (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus.) است و گاهی اوقات باعث شکستگی ساقه و یا اختلال در جذب آب میشود. در این تحقیق، تیمار سیلیسیوم و اسید سالیسیلیک به منظور افزایش مقاومت مکانیکی ساقه گل استفاده شد. ن More

خم شدن ساقه و دمگل تحت تاثیر وزن گل یکی از مشکلات اصلی پس از برداشت در ژربرا (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus.) است و گاهی اوقات باعث شکستگی ساقه و یا اختلال در جذب آب میشود. در این تحقیق، تیمار سیلیسیوم و اسید سالیسیلیک به منظور افزایش مقاومت مکانیکی ساقه گل استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که خمیدگی ساقه با مصرف سیلیسیوم و تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک کاهش یافت. مقاومت برشی و مقدار لیگنین توسط تیمار سالیسیلیک اسید در هر دو بخش بالا و پایین ساقه افزایش یافت. به نظر میرسد که مقدار لیگنین ساقه با مقاومت برشی در قسمت بالایی ارتباط داشت. علاوه بر این، مقدار سیلیسیوم در بافت ساقه گل به طور قابلتوجهی با مصرف سیلیسیوم افزایش یافت و مقاومت مکانیکی قسمت پایین ساقه با میزان سیلیسیوم بافت همبستگی داشت. این نتایج نشان داد که مصرف سیلیسیوم و تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک میتواند باعث افزایش مقاومت مکانیکی ساقه گل و بهبود کیفیت گل بریده ژربرا گردد. Manuscript profile

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422 - Comparison of quantitative and qualitative yield response of different sugar beet genotypes under drought stress conditions
behnam Ahmadi Hossein Sharifabad Mohammad Abdollahian noghabi Ali Mokhtassi Bidgoli Rahim Mohammadian

10.2./jpps.2023.698920

Drought stress is one of the main reasons for the reduction of quantitative and qualitative yield in sugar beet cultivation, on the other hand, the increasing reduction in available water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, has made the worse situation. In this s More

Drought stress is one of the main reasons for the reduction of quantitative and qualitative yield in sugar beet cultivation, on the other hand, the increasing reduction in available water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, has made the worse situation. In this situation, the use of drought-resistant cultivars is an effective way to reduce production risk. For this purpose, experiments were conducted in the form of split plots in based of RCBD statistical design with the main factor of irrigation (90 and 180 mm) and sub-genotype factor (16 hybrids and 4 genotype control varieties) in the years 2016 and 2017 at Karaj Sugar Beet Research Institute. The results showed that there is a decreasing trend in the average root yield and white sugar yield in two years under stress conditions of 28.5 and 10.5%, respectively, compared to normal irrigation conditions. However, under stress conditions, sugar content had an increasing trend, and root impurity values (sodium and nitrogen) had a decreasing trend, which was accompanied by the highest values of the sugar extraction coefficient. Also, the reduction of water consumption in stressful conditions led to an increase in the efficiency of irrigation water in stressful conditions compared to normal. In the examination of genotypes, based on two indices of tolerance and resistance to drought stress and yield index, genotypes number 1, 3, 9, 12, and 16 were identified as promising genotypes. Manuscript profile

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423 - The construction and personal experience of professors and experts in the field of rural cooperatives in line with economic policies
Nasrin Khodabakhshi Zainolabedin Amini sabeq Masoud Ghorban hosaini Ehsan Sadeh

The purpose of this study is to present a theoretical framework and paradigm model of personal structure of professors and policy makers of rural cooperatives in Iran to present a local theory and its validation among professors and policy makers. The statistical sample More

The purpose of this study is to present a theoretical framework and paradigm model of personal structure of professors and policy makers of rural cooperatives in Iran to present a local theory and its validation among professors and policy makers. The statistical sample in the qualitative section of the 20 rural cooperative policy makers and experts interviewed. The results show that the theoretical framework discovered by this study suggests that the country's rural cooperative policy makers and experts had high potentials and potentials for explaining the successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in the context of a resilient economy and in their view that “successful implementation of rural cooperative policy in Predicting the tools of implementation and culture, engaging public stakeholders and executives, while sharing them in comprehensive partnerships with strategies such as optimizing the economy and developing synchronized and convergent rural resources, to develop rural cooperatives based on local empowerment and self-sufficiency. Essentially, the degree to which the successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in the direction of a resisting economy depends on the components discovered in the model. Manuscript profile

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424 - کاربرد تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی برای شناسایی و اولویت بندی چالش های اقتصاد مقاومتی در بخش کشاورزی ایران
شایسته آدبی آزاده نورالله نوری وندی

هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی و اولویتبندی چالشهای اقتصاد مقاومتی در بخش کشاورزی ایران است. در این پژوهش از روش پیمایشی با پرسشنامه مقایسات زوجی به عنوان ابزار اصلی استفاده شد. از آنجایی که این مطالعه براساس نظر کارشناسان انجام شده است، 40 نفر از کارشناسان و مدیر More

هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی و اولویتبندی چالشهای اقتصاد مقاومتی در بخش کشاورزی ایران است. در این پژوهش از روش پیمایشی با پرسشنامه مقایسات زوجی به عنوان ابزار اصلی استفاده شد. از آنجایی که این مطالعه براساس نظر کارشناسان انجام شده است، 40 نفر از کارشناسان و مدیران ارشد سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان خوزستان مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. فرآیند تحلیل در این پژوهش یک فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی بود. با روش اکتشافی، مهمترین معیارها و زیرمعیارها و چالشهای اقتصاد مقاومتی شناسایی شدند. وزن هر معیار پس از انجام مقایسههای زوجی در نرمافزار تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی محاسبه و به ترتیب زیر تعیین شد: انعطافپذیری اقتصادی با وزن 0.558، ارتقای بهرهوری با وزن 0.320 و تحقق رشد پویا با وزن 0.122. پس از مقایسه زوجی تمامی چالش‌های اجرای اقتصاد مقاومتی براساس معیارهای فرعی، نتایج با هم ترکیب شدند و وزن نهایی و اولویت هر چالش مشخص شد. چالشها به ترتیب اولویت عبارت بودند از: فضای ناامن اقتصادی برای جذب سرمایهگذاری داخلی و خارجی (وزن=0.265)، بهره وری پایین نیروی انسانی و سرمایه در کشاورزی با وزن 0.198، نبود سیستم بازاریابی و بازاریابی منسجم (وزن=0.132). واردات گسترده در مقابل صادرات محدود محصولات با (وزن=0.132)، راندمان پایین واحدهای تولیدی کشاورزی (وزن=0.116)، ضایعات زیاد محصولات کشاورزی (وزن=0.093) و تغییر کاربری اراضی مرتبط با کشاورزی (وزن=0.064). Manuscript profile

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425 - تخمین مقاومت فشاری تک محوری و مدول الاستیسیته نمونه های کنگلومرا با استفاده از رگرسیون و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی
مجتبی حیدری بهروز رفیعی مهران نوری غلامرضا خانلری علی اکبر مومنی

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426 - بررسی روش های غیرمستقیم تخمین مقاومت تراکمی تک محوری شیل های سازند شمشک
مهدی کیانپور Ali Uromeihy Mohammad Reza Nikudel

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427 - بررسی خصوصیات فیزیکی و مکانیکی سنگ مخزنی سازند شوریجه در یکی از چاههای واقع در حوضه کپه داغ (شمال خاور ایران)
حسن باقری سید هاشم طباطبایی رئیسی لیلا فضلی فرامرز دولتی اردهجانی

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428 - انتخاب معیاری بهینه برای تخمین مقاومت برشی سطوح زبر درزه در سنگ سخت آندزیت
منوچهر صانعی اصغر رحمتی بیژن دهقانی لهراسب فرامرزی راحب باقرپور

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429 - رابطه بین خصوصیات فیزیکی، مکانیکی و بافتی رخنمون های تراورتنی منطقه تزرج، شمال هرمزگان
زهرا عابدپور جمال طراح سید محمد میرحسینی

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430 - ارزیابی اثر ناهمسانگردی بر رفتار مهندسی سنگهای ناهمسانگرد با استفاده از آزمایش پانچ استوانه ای
Gholamreza Khanlari مجتبی حیدری علی اصغر سپاهی گرو داود فریدونی

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431 - اندرکنش آهک و کلریدسدیم در خاک های ریزدانه با شاخص خمیری اندک
محمد هادی داودی احسان کبیر

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432 - تعیین مقاومت فشاری تک محوری سنگ اطراف تونلهای دسترسی در معدنکاری جبهه کار طویل با استفاده از سیستم فازی ممدانی
محمد رضائی عباس مجدی

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433 - بررسی امکان استفاده از آزمایش برزیلی برای تعیین مقاومت کششی سنگ های شیستوز
عبدالهادی قزوینیان فواد رستگار فرشید رستگار

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434 - بررسی نقطه شکست سنگ مخزنی سازند سروک در یکی از چاه های واقع در میدان نفتی جفیر
سولماز زین العابدینی سید هاشم طباطبایی رئیسی لیلا فضلی حسن باقری

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435 - تأثیر آهک بر روی بهسازی خاک های ریز دانه منطقه فقیره همدان
محمدحسین قبادی یزدان محبی حسن آبادی یاسین عبدی لر رضا بابازاده

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436 - تخمین خصوصیات مهندسی سنگ مارن با استفاده از آزمایش پانچ
مهدی حسینی بهنام علی پنهانی سعیده سنماری

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437 - Assessment of the Role of Resistors Economics Attitudes on Project Risk Management (Case Study: Khatam Al Anbia Construction Contractors)
ehsan ebrahimi varkiany Mehrzad Minooi Arefeh Fadvi zadalah fathi

In general, the most important purpose of management is to perform the project at the least costly and in a timely manner with due regard to predetermined quality issues, and since risk management is a systematic, group process. One of the factors that seems to be able More

In general, the most important purpose of management is to perform the project at the least costly and in a timely manner with due regard to predetermined quality issues, and since risk management is a systematic, group process. One of the factors that seems to be able to play an important role in controlling the risks associated with construction projects is the attitude of resistance economics in managers and contractors. In this regard, in this study, the role of resistance economy attitude in improving management Project risk has been investigated. The purpose of this study was applied and in a descriptive way, the information of the study population was collected and analyzed using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The statistical population of this study was all Khatam al-Anbia construction contractors (438 contractors), which according to Morgan's table was at least 190, but according to forecasts of unacceptable questionnaires, in A total of 230 questionnaires were distributed out of which 217 were returned as acceptable. In this study, the sample population was selected and tested using available sampling method. The results of hypothesis testing using regression analysis and spss software indicated that the attitude of Resistance Economics in Khatam Al Anbia camp contractors on risk management. Cost, quality and timing of construction projects play a significant role. Manuscript profile

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438 - Assess the role of managers' emotional intelligence on the implementation of resistance economics in government organizations
rasoul ranjbarian adel jahanbakhshi

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of managers' emotional intelligence on achieving the goals of resistance economics in government organizations in Shahindezh city. The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and descripti More

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of managers' emotional intelligence on achieving the goals of resistance economics in government organizations in Shahindezh city. The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and descriptive data collection method. The statistical population studied in this study was the managers and deputies of government departments of Shahindezh city in 2018, whose number is 145 people. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was cited and 105 people were selected by stratified random sampling method to answer. Data collection tools were used using the standard Shering Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1996) and Faizian Resistance Economics (2016). Formal narrative method was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for both questionnaires were 0.939 and 0.957, respectively, for data analysis of two-variable linear elongation and elongation test, multiple regression and single sample t regression. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between managers' emotional intelligence and resistance economics was 0.522 and also the results of linear regression test showed that the dimensions of emotional intelligence including (self-motivation, self-awareness, self-control, empathy, social skills of managers) achieved economic goals. Resistance in the government departments of Shahindaj city, respectively, had a positive and significant effect of 0.526, 0.432, 0.509, 0.298 and 0.428, and then the self-motivation of managers has the greatest impact on achieving the goals of the resistance economy. Manuscript profile

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439 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Components of Human Capital Education Based on the Perspective of 1404
Somayeh Shahhosseini Akhtar Jamali

The current research was conducted with the purpose of identifying and prioritizing the components of human capital training based on upstream documents and policies with a fuzzy Delphi approach. This research is in the field of mixed research with qualitative-quantitat More

The current research was conducted with the purpose of identifying and prioritizing the components of human capital training based on upstream documents and policies with a fuzzy Delphi approach. This research is in the field of mixed research with qualitative-quantitative approach in inductive-comparative approach, which is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the current research in the qualitative part includes professors and specialists and members of the councils for the implementation of the education process, and the sampling in this research was done in a targeted manner and in the number of 20 people. The statistical population of the quantitative section is top managers, middle managers of the West Azerbaijan Electricity Distribution Company, which was determined by using non-probability sampling, with a sample size of 36 people. In the qualitative part of the research, a semi-structured interview was used to collect data, and its validity and reliability were confirmed using the CVR coefficient and Cohen's Kappa test. In the quantitative part, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was used and reliability was confirmed by retest and validity by content validity. MAXQDA2020 software was used for data coding, which led to the identification of human capital training components. Then, by using the fuzzy Delphi technique, the ranking of the components was done. The results of the research indicate that educational needs assessment, culturalization of discourse creation, workforce empowerment, educational system redesign, establishment of knowledge management and knowledge-based economy are among the most important components of human capital education based on upstream documents and policies that should be taken into consideration. Manuscript profile

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440 - اثر توپوگرافی در تفسیر داده‌های مقاومت ویژه‌ی الکتریکی دشت نوبران
مهدی مهدی‌پور سردرود محمدکاظم حفیظی

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441 - بحران سوریه: تجزیه و تحلیل راهبردهای سیاسی و امنیتی کنشگران درگیر
احسان تقی زاده سالاری

در یکی از خونبارترین تحولات خاورمیانه، از سال 2011 بحرانی سخت سوریه و منطقه را درگیر خود نموده است. در این میان هر کدام از بازیگران منطقه‌ای و یا قدرت‌های فرامنطقه‌‌ای به فراخور وزن و جایگاه و همچنین به تناسب منافع و ملاحظات خود در این بحران مداخله، نقش‌آفرینی و یا حداق More

در یکی از خونبارترین تحولات خاورمیانه، از سال 2011 بحرانی سخت سوریه و منطقه را درگیر خود نموده است. در این میان هر کدام از بازیگران منطقه‌ای و یا قدرت‌های فرامنطقه‌‌ای به فراخور وزن و جایگاه و همچنین به تناسب منافع و ملاحظات خود در این بحران مداخله، نقش‌آفرینی و یا حداقل اعلام موضع نموده‌اند. این مقاله درصدد است تا با بررسی راهبرد سیاسی امنیتی کنشگران منطقه ای و فرامنطقه ای در قبال بحران سوریه دلایل و عوامل موثر بر این سیاستها را شناسایی نموده و راهبردها و تاکتیک‌های اتخاذ شده توسط این بازیگران را مطالعه نماید. برای بررسی این موضوع سه نظریه سازه انگاری، مکتب کپنهاگ و رئالیسم تدافعی به عنوان چارچوب نظری مورد توجه قرار گرفته و برای آزمون فرضیه از روش تبیینی- تحلیلی بهره برده و با استفاده از ابزار فیش برداری، اسناد و منابع کتابخانه‌ای و اینترنتی و مکتوبات موجود این فرضیه به اثبات رسیده که با توجه به وجود سه نوع از منافع اعم از موازی، متقابل و متداخل، الگوی رفتاری بازیگران دخیل در بحران سوریه، نشان دهنده سه سطح همکاری، رقابت و تقابل در صحنه سیاسی و میدانی سوریه است و هر یک از طرفهای درگیر می کوشند تا با فزون سازی قدرت و نفوذ خود ضمن حفظ و ارتقاء منافع ملی خود و کنترل و تحدید نفوذ و حضور طرف مقابل، دست برتر را داشته باشد. Manuscript profile

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442 - The concept and application of resilience in a resistance economy with a human capital approach
Mohammad Javad Salehi

Despite the recent popularity and frequent use of the resilience concept in the academic, research, and policy programs, there is a limited theoretical understanding of this concept. For instance, it is not clear how this concept should be operationalized and what its d More

Despite the recent popularity and frequent use of the resilience concept in the academic, research, and policy programs, there is a limited theoretical understanding of this concept. For instance, it is not clear how this concept should be operationalized and what its determinant factors are or how they can be measured. This paper is an attempt to develop a conceptual and methodological framework for the analysis, measurement, and mapping of resilience. The paper specifically intends to archive three objectives. Firstly, it examines the general definitional issues of the concept of resilience with a focus on human capital. Secondly, it reviews the frameworks that are currently used to measure community resilience. Thirdly, it evaluates the existing methods that are used to develop resilience indices, and based on this review, a methodology on how to measure community resilience is proposed. Finally, it summarizes the limitations and recommendations for further improvement of the methodology. The major core of this article is on the Community and resilience economy emphasizing on human capital. Manuscript profile

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443 - Investigate the relationship between Cultural stratejic orientation & Cultural resistance at Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch
mina faramarzi palangar Mojtaba Moazzami Esmail kavousy

The aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the relationship between Cultural stratejic orientation & Cultural resistance at Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. The research population comprised 35000 students in More

The aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the relationship between Cultural stratejic orientation & Cultural resistance at Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. The research population comprised 35000 students in Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch of whom a sample 384 was randomly selected, based on Morgan Table, to participate in the study. The research data were collected using a researcher-made five-point level Likert scale questionnaire comprising 4 factors and 24 items tapping the participants’ responses were. Therefore, 400 questionnaires were distributed among members of the target population. Having distributed and collected the questionnaires, we analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Descriptively, features like absolute and relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance of background and main variables were estimated. Inferentially, correlational tests, multiple regression and spirman used indicated that Cultural stratejic orientation had a significant effect on Cultural resistance at Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. Manuscript profile

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444 - The effect of tendency towards social entrepreneurship on financial performance considering the mediating role of social performance and moderator of resistance economy (case study: downstream petrochemical industries of Khuzestan province)
Ahmad Royaei leila Andervazh

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of social entrepreneurship on financial performance in downstream petrochemical industries of Khuzestan province. In the meantime, the mediating role of social performance and moderator of resistance e More

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of social entrepreneurship on financial performance in downstream petrochemical industries of Khuzestan province. In the meantime, the mediating role of social performance and moderator of resistance economy has been investigated. The current research is of descriptive-correlation type and its statistical population is downstream petrochemical industries of Khuzestan province. Due to the limited statistical population, Cochran's formula was used to select the statistical sample and 170 industries were selected as a sample in a stratified manner. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data and the collected data was analyzed using Smart-PLS software. The results of this study showed that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant effect on the company's financial performance and social performance has a mediating role in the relationship between social entrepreneurship and financial performance. Also, research data shows that economic resistance does not moderate the relationship between social entrepreneurship and financial performance. Manuscript profile

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445 - People-centered principle with emphasis on cooperatives in the general policies of resistance economy
rasool ahmadi beni faramarz atrian seyed mohammad mahdi ghamamy

Managing affairs by relying on public participation and votes is one of the important and unchanging principles of the Constitution. In addition, according to the constitution, taking advantage of the economic participation of the people and creating its grounds is one More

Managing affairs by relying on public participation and votes is one of the important and unchanging principles of the Constitution. In addition, according to the constitution, taking advantage of the economic participation of the people and creating its grounds is one of the duties of the government. This issue has been emphasized. Considering this importance, the general policies of the resistance economy have also based their foundations on the people-organizational economy and have turned their attention to the cooperative economy. The development of cooperation in order to realize the principle of people-centeredness requires a strong national determination and the creation of necessary legal and legal measures to pave the way and remove the obstacles on this path. In this research, the subject was investigated with an analytical method and while defining the resistance economy, the laws related to the people-centered principle were analyzed and finally the conclusion was reached that the general policies of the resistance economy in order to realize the people-centered principle. It is central and many laws are directly and indirectly related to this issue. Manuscript profile

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446 - Evaluation of resistant businesses in the direction of service industry development
Hoda Zeynali seyad mahmoud hashemi, Mirza Hassan hosseini Sina Nematizadeh

Today, the important role of resilient businesses in increasing the amount of resilient behaviors in sectors and countries has caused widespread interest in research in this field. The purpose of this research was to show the importance of evaluating resilient businesse More

Today, the important role of resilient businesses in increasing the amount of resilient behaviors in sectors and countries has caused widespread interest in research in this field. The purpose of this research was to show the importance of evaluating resilient businesses in order to increase the amount of resilient behaviors in service industries. The statistical population of this research consists of all managers of service industries. Necessary data were collected by questionnaire from 253 managers of service industries who were selected by simple and easy non-probability sampling method. To test the model, partial least squares method and SAMARTPLS software were used. By analyzing the existing relationship between the variables of the research model in a wide and deep way, the results of the evaluations show that in order to evaluate resistance businesses in increasing the level of resilience in behaviors, it is necessary for the next measures and to compare the level of progress of such behaviors in service industries, for each of these dimensions that It is presented, the necessary planning should be done, it is very important to be careful in developing and considering the involved processes. Manuscript profile

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447 - اثر گلی اکسال‌دار شدن پلی‌آکریل آمید بر مقاومت‌های کاغذهای خشک و تر
رحیم یدالهی Yaha Hamzeh

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448 - تأثیر مقدار نانورس و پرتوالکترونی بر مقاومت سایشی نانوکامپوزیت ولکانیزه شده بر پایه آلیاژ لاستیک طبیعی/لاستیک استایرن بوتادین/دوده
محمدرحیم کشاورزی میترا توکلی

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449 - بررسی تاثیر توزیع جرم ملکولی در واکس های محافظ بر رفتار مهاجرتی ضد ازونانت ها در آمیزه های لاستیکی بر پایه NR/BR
فرشته مطیعی تانیا بیگ دلی

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450 - بررسی استفاده از پرکننده سیلیکا همراه با دوده بر روی مقاومت در برابر خستگی آمیزه رویه تایرهای باری
میرحمیدرضا قریشی سعید تقوایی رامین ظفرمهرابیان

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451 - Synthesis, identification and improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of acrylic coatings by nanoparticles
Shokoufeh Bagheri Maryam Kalantari Somayeh Fozooni Hasan Hashemipour Rafsanjani

The polymer matrix in the organic-mineral hybrid nanocomposites is flexible and lightweight, and inorganic nanoparticles are responsible for high thermal stability and improved their mechanical properties. In this study, Methyl Methacrylate-Butyl Acrylate copolymer (BA- More

The polymer matrix in the organic-mineral hybrid nanocomposites is flexible and lightweight, and inorganic nanoparticles are responsible for high thermal stability and improved their mechanical properties. In this study, Methyl Methacrylate-Butyl Acrylate copolymer (BA-MMA) was synthesized by conventional emulsion polymerization with conversion percentage of 96.15%. In order to synthesize nanocomposite, nanoparticles of silver, titanium dioxide, iron oxide (Fe3O4), unmodified silica, and modified silica with 3-(tri-methoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS) and dichloromethyl vinylsilane (DMVS) modifiers were used. Based on the results of the thermal gravimetric analysis, nanocomposite prepared from BA-MMA copolymer-containing 0.3 g of modified silica with 0.183 milliliters of chloro-methyl vinyl-silane modifier showed the highest thermal stability. Mechanicl resistance of this sample in terms of the scratch was investigated by nano-scratch instrument and the results showed that, the coating with the lower friction coefficient 0.724 and lower scratch coefficient 0.267  has high scratch resistance. Chemical structure of synthesized compounds were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Manuscript profile

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452 - پوشش دهی پارچه‌های پلی استر و کربن با نیکل-فسفر به روش لایه نشانی الکترولس و بررسی ویژگی آن ها
عباس بشارتی سیدانی

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453 - مقاومت و پخش قدرت در دیوید ممت " اولئانا " و "نژاد"
Fatemeh Ghiasvand Fatemeh َAzizmohammadi Mojgan Yarahmadi

10.30495/ttlt.2023.699067

این مقاله بیانگرخوانش فوکویی ازدو اثردیویت ممت اولئانا و نژاد را نشان است. ممت با بهره گیری از دیدگاه فوکو درمورد اهمیت روابط قدرت اعمال شده از طریق گفتمان ها، گفتمان هایی را نشان می دهد که قدرت در آنها اعمال می شود که تمرکز بر ماهیت پخش شده قدرت، همه گیر بودن و فراگیر More

این مقاله بیانگرخوانش فوکویی ازدو اثردیویت ممت اولئانا و نژاد را نشان است. ممت با بهره گیری از دیدگاه فوکو درمورد اهمیت روابط قدرت اعمال شده از طریق گفتمان ها، گفتمان هایی را نشان می دهد که قدرت در آنها اعمال می شود که تمرکز بر ماهیت پخش شده قدرت، همه گیر بودن و فراگیر بودن آن است. براساس دیدگاه فوکو در مورد گردش قدرت در مدارس و موسسات؛ دراولئانا، گفتمان کلاس والگوهای تعامل نشان می دهد که دانش یک قدرت است. توانایی روشنفکروماهرتربودن در کلاس به جان و کارول اجازه می دهد قدرت بیشتری را داشته باشند. ازطریق هنجارسازی،همه چیزباید متحدالشکل شود و افراد تحت سلطه به گونه ای القا می شوند که اقدامات انضباطی را به عنوان یک هنجار قبول می کنند. بنابراین، جان مرجع اقتداردرکلاس خود است که اگر کارول بخواهد دوره خود را بگذراند، باید ازدستورات وی تبعیت کند. از طریق گفتمان مقاومت، کارول از این فرصت بهره می برد تا به قدرتی که از طریق دانش بر او اعمال شده است پاسخ دهد. این نشان می دهد که کارول توانایی مقاومت و تلاش برای اعمال قدرت خود را دارد. بعلاوه، در "نژاد" ممت سعی دارد با ارائه موضوعات نژادی و تمایلات جنسی در گفتمان خود، درمورد آنها صحبت کند. او تلاش می کند تا در مورد تمایلات جنسی به عنوان قسمت اساسی هویت افراد صحبت کند تا سایر مشکلات اساسی یک فرد را حل کند. Manuscript profile

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454 - The women's resistance movement in Karbala is one of the factors that perpetuates the Ashura movement
Narjes Nasr Allahi

There were great women throughout Islam who, through their actions, preserved and spread Islam and preserved the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH); Among these women are women who play a role in perpetuating the Karbala incident and can be role models for other Muslim wom More

There were great women throughout Islam who, through their actions, preserved and spread Islam and preserved the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH); Among these women are women who play a role in perpetuating the Karbala incident and can be role models for other Muslim women. The Ashura uprising and the women's resistance movement on Ashura brought about a great revolution in keeping the religion of Islam alive. With the resistance movement, knowledge and piety, raising mujahid and pious children, raising the family and being on the scene of Karbala with their husbands, children and brothers, these women made a significant contribution to the perpetuation of the Karbala uprising. She is considered as a role model and guide for other Muslim women and girls in the Islamic society. The presence of women and children accompanying Imam Hussein (AS) who, according to their history, were the purest Muslim women who bravely took the stage of Ashura in the struggle against truth and falsehood, enduring many calamities and sufferings, captivity, stating the reason for Imam Hussein (AS) uprising They picked it up and stood up. Manuscript profile

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455 - Kei Khosrow and Bahrām Gor: An Intertextual Reading of Shānāmeh and Haft Paykar
Rezā Refāee Qadimi Mashhad Hoseinali Qobādi

Shānāmeh, as an exemplary pattern for Persian epics, has been the source of numerous epic works. Based on an intertextual reading, in the present article the attempt is made to study the influence of the Shānāmeh on Haft Paykar in the creation of the mythological person More

Shānāmeh, as an exemplary pattern for Persian epics, has been the source of numerous epic works. Based on an intertextual reading, in the present article the attempt is made to study the influence of the Shānāmeh on Haft Paykar in the creation of the mythological personality of Bahrām Gor (Bahrām the Onager). The present study seeks to explore the mythological personality of Kei Khosrow in Shānāmeh that has inspired Nizami Ganjavi in the processing of Bahrām Gor 's character. Nizami Ganjavi's reference at the beginning of Haft Paykar to Shānāmeh and the textual evidence reinforces this claim.  So, one can find a pattern for the creation of the character of Bahrām Gor according to Nizami Ganjavi's narrative. Based on the thoughts of Gérard Genette and by using a descriptive-analytical method and intertextual approach, the article tries to examine the characters of Bahrām Gor and Kei Khosrow in Shānāmeh and Haft Paykar. The results show that explicit and implicit intertextual relationships are presented in cases such as the actions and behaviors and mystical personality of the two characters and the dreams and predictions of the elders about them.   Manuscript profile

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456 - The Discourse of Mythological Resistance in the Story of Siāvash; A Semantic and Semiotic Analysis
Ebrāhim Kanāni

In mythological resistance, a centralized presence with an internal power is formed and subject acts as a discursive actor. Siāvash, as a subject and discursive actor, is one of the central characters of Shāhnāmeh who has achieved an internal power. He presents a cohere More

In mythological resistance, a centralized presence with an internal power is formed and subject acts as a discursive actor. Siāvash, as a subject and discursive actor, is one of the central characters of Shāhnāmeh who has achieved an internal power. He presents a coherent and transcendental image of the "centralized presence". This presence places the subject as the symbol of identity in the center of discourse. The rival subject adjusts his presence in relation to Siāvash and involves in a mutual interaction or a challenging relationship with him. This confrontation and interaction between them appears in the form of two macro-narratives of resistance and tolerance. The main question is "how the discourse of mythological resistance and consequently, the discourses of resistance and tolerance have been realized in the story of Siāvash". In fact, the purpose of the present research is to examine the method of realization of the discourse of resistance semantically and semiotically, and its impact on the formation of identity and value. Based on descriptive-analytical method, in the present article the attempt is made to show that the subject (Siāvash) defends fulfilling contracts and righteousness by using the techniques of the mythological resistance. On the other hand, the rival subject stands in front of him and forces him to obey, but the subject resists.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

457 - The Functions of Myths in the Poems of Mohammad Qissi
Ezzat Mollā Ebrāhimi Heshmat Parvin

By using symbolic and mythological language, Mohammad Qissi, Palestinian modernist poet, has been able to play an active role in the field of resistance and struggle in his country. The ancient Arabic heritage and cultures of different nations have been his source of in More

By using symbolic and mythological language, Mohammad Qissi, Palestinian modernist poet, has been able to play an active role in the field of resistance and struggle in his country. The ancient Arabic heritage and cultures of different nations have been his source of inspiration. In addition to Babylonian, Mesopotamian and Greek myths, he has also paid great attention to Arabic and Canaanite myths. By using the descriptive-analytical method, the authors of the present article first briefly discuss the historical origin of myths and the reasons for turning Palestinian poets' attention into myths and then examine the types of myths used in Qissi's poems. The results of the research show that the poet has used the mythical heritage, including temporal, spatial, human and religious elements, to express national enthusiasm, patriotism and the idea of returning to the homeland. So, Qissi has been an honest spokesman for expressing his own and his people's plights, ideals and thoughts in inside and outside of the occupied territories.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

458 - Comparsion Growth Performance, Feed Status, Survival and Improved Stress Resistance in Common Carp Fry (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus. 1758) with Supplemented Diet Via A-Max Concentration and A-Max Ultra Prebiotics
M. Bivareh H. Jafaryan

This study was carried out to compare the effect of two commercial prebiotics (A-Max concentrate and A-Max Ultra) on growth performance and resistance of common carpfry. This experiment was conducted in a completely random design with a total number of 1080 apparently h More

This study was carried out to compare the effect of two commercial prebiotics (A-Max concentrate and A-Max Ultra) on growth performance and resistance of common carpfry. This experiment was conducted in a completely random design with a total number of 1080 apparently healthy carp fry (initialaverage weight of 1.3±0.304 g), which were caught and transferred to the laboratory. After 7 days of adaptation to the laboratory conditions, the fish were randomly divided into 9 treatments in 27 polyethylene tank (40 carp fries per tank) in triplicates. The carp fries were fed with four concentrations of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 g kg-1 prebiotics in-feed and the control was fed with diet without prebiotic supplementation, for 60 days. At the end of the study the results indicated that growth performance parameters and feed efficiency were highly significantly (p<0.05) different in probiotic A-max concentrate treatment, especially treatment A4 (1 g kg-1 prebiotic), in comparsion with other treatments and control group. The same trend was observed for survival rate (p<0.05). Similarly, significant differences were observed in resistance against environmental stresses in all treatments compared with control group (p>0.05). These results suggested that supplementing diets with commercial feed additives, A-Max concentrate and A-Max Ultra, promotes growth performance, feed efficiency and increased larvae resistance against the challenge tests compared with the control group, but the comparison between them showed that A- max concentrate was more superior at 1g kg-1 in common carp fry diets. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

459 - A Consideration on against antibiotic and heavy metals resistance in isolated bacteria from intestine organ of Anzali Lagoon’s Cyprinus Carpio
Sh. Safaeian H. Hosseiny A. Esmaili Z. Moghaddam H. Vakili َAmini

Sampling of wild Common carps from Anzali Lagoon was operated in winter and spring 2009 in order to modify resistance of bacteria of their intestinal organ against antibiotics and heavy metals and sensitivity of all bacteria to 6 antibiotics of ampicillin, streptomycin, More

Sampling of wild Common carps from Anzali Lagoon was operated in winter and spring 2009 in order to modify resistance of bacteria of their intestinal organ against antibiotics and heavy metals and sensitivity of all bacteria to 6 antibiotics of ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, cloramphenicl, gentamicin and amikacin was considered. The results show that isolated bacteria had high resistance against three antibiotics of Ampicillin (92.92%), Streptomycin (45.14%) and Tetracycline (45.73%) but that they had approximately low resistance against Cloramphenicl (12.82%). According to the results Common carps had no resistance against two other antibiotics of Gentamicin (0%) and Amikasin (0%). The Isolated bacteria from intestinal organ of Common carps also showed high level of multi-resistance patterns against above mentioned antibiotics. Sample bacteria were also considered for their resistance against three heavy metals of copper, cadmium and mercury. According to researches the bacteria from intestinal organ resistance against heavy metals with different densities (100 and 200 μg/ml) and the resistance pattern was figured as Cu2+>Cd2+>Hg2+. Studying the solidarity between heavy metal resistance and antibiotic resistance in Isolated the bacteria from intestinal organ of Common carps by Person Test, the linear relation between the percentage of resistant bacteria against heavy metals and percentage of resistant bacteria against antibiotics was achieved. This achievement confirms that increasing of metal pollutions increases the number of resistant bacteria against antibiotics and heavy metals in Anzali Lagoon. This study is executed for the first time in Anzali Lagoon and shows the probability of antibiotic resistant bacteria metastasis to human by having fishes. This can be a serious subject which threatens general health of society.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

460 - Staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from healthy workers nasal swabs in Larestan hospitals
Mehdi Ebadi Tahereh Khaliliazad

Background & Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections in the community as well as hospitals. Nowadays, an increase in the antibiotic resistance has caused concern to the medical co More

Background & Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of opportunistic infections in the community as well as hospitals. Nowadays, an increase in the antibiotic resistance has caused concern to the medical community. Meanwhile, resistance to methicillin is important because of limiting treatment. This study was conducted to track methicillin resistance gene and to type staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) in S. aureus strains isolated from nasal swabs of healthy hospital workers and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the strains. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 230 specimens were collected from healthy workers nasal swabs of Larestan hospital during 2015. S. aureus strains were identified using laboratory standard methods. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was characterized using disk diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by E-test and sensitivity to methicillin was assessed by agar screening test. Furthermore, the presence of antibiotic-resistant mecA gene and SCCmec genotyping were investigated using the multiplex-PCR method. Results: Among all nasal swab samples, 37 (14.8%)  S. aureus isolates were recovered. 28 (75.7%) out of 37 S. aureus isolates were confirmed as MRSA. 21 (75%) of 28 MRSA isolates were community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA), and the remaining 7 (25%) were hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA). SCCmec genotyping showed the most frequent isolates as follows: 9 (32.1%) isolates as SCCmec type I, 8 (28.6%) isolates as SCCmec type IV, 5 (17.9%) isolates as SCCmec type II, 4 (14.3%) isolates as SCCmec type V and 2 (7.1%) isolates as SCCmec type III. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern showed the highest resistance to penicillin (100%) and oxacillin (60%) respectively, and the lowest resistance to vancomycin (0%). E-test results confirmed 28.5% of the isolates as intermediate vancomycin-resistant. Using agar screening test, oxacillin resistance was shown as 92.8%. Conclusion: Our result showed that 70% methicillin resistance in the S. aureus which is mostly CA-MRSA strains. This could be a serious warning about the need to treat infections caused by this bacterium and control the carriers in the hospital environment.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

461 - Synthesis analysis and antibacterial activity of selenium nanoparticles produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes
morahem ashengroph Seyedeh Roya Hosseini

Background & Objectives: Selenium nanoparticles have a wide range application in industry, biomedical and environmental fields due to their unique physical, chemical and photoelectrical properties. This study was aimed to use aquatic bacteria in bioreduction of sele More

Background & Objectives: Selenium nanoparticles have a wide range application in industry, biomedical and environmental fields due to their unique physical, chemical and photoelectrical properties. This study was aimed to use aquatic bacteria in bioreduction of selenite oxyanioninto elemental nano-selenium. Materials & Methods: Synthesized selenium nanoparticles were characterized by spectroscopic analysis and electromicrographs prepared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The efficacy of the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized selenium nanoparticles against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria was also investigated by the agar well diffusion test. Results: Sixteen selenite-resistant bacterial strains were isolated based on selective enrichment techniques in Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) medium containing 5 mM selenite ion. Our results showed that Pseudomonas alcaligenes SR5 coastal seawater isolate can reduce selenite oxyanion into selenium nanoparticles. Furthermore, the results showed that extracellular selenium nanoparticles with an average size of 36 nm were formed in an optimum selenite concentration of 3 mM and an optimum initial biomass concentration of 15 g/l, following 96 h incubation at 25ᵒ C at (200 rpm under resting cell condition. Conclusion: The current study is the first report on extracellular synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using P. alcaligenes. The produced bio-nanoparticles showed a growth inhibitory effect against four tested pathogenic bacterial strains. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

462 - The effect of rice endophyte bacteria on controlling Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae and expression of phenylalanine ammonia-liase gene in coexistence with Bacillus subtilis
Hadis Yousefi Nader Hasanzadeh Keivan Behboudi Farid Beiki Firouzjahi

Background & Objectives: Rice bacterial blight is one of the major factors limiting global rice production. Though the most effective method for controlling this disease is using resistant varieties, they are not stable in farm conditions due to high variability and More

Background & Objectives: Rice bacterial blight is one of the major factors limiting global rice production. Though the most effective method for controlling this disease is using resistant varieties, they are not stable in farm conditions due to high variability and rapid evolution of pathogenic races. This study was aimed to evaluate rice endophyte bacteria's ability to improving plant growth and biologically controlling Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.Materials & Methods: At the first screening of endophyte isolates was performed to evaluate antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas in tryptic soy agar medium. The stimulation of plant growth by bacterial endophytes was assessed under the growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. The effect of bacterial isolates on disease severity and some rice growth factors under greenhouse conditions were determined, as well. In the final stage, the expression of the Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene by endophytic isolate Bacillus subtilis was evaluated using real-time PCR.Results: In terms of rice seed seedling vigor index, OS40, OS23, OS43, and OS31 isolates had a significant statistical effect as compared to control. Moreover, the use of OS3, OS23, OS31, and OS40 endophytes increased plant growth parameters. OS40 and OS23 bacterial inoculants were more successful in reducing the severity of the disease and the promotion of plant growth. PAL expression level during the experiment period was significantly higher and faster in plants treated with OS40than those treated only with Xanthomonas- isolates.Conclusion: Rice bacterial endophytes could increase plant growth and reduce disease severity, thus they can be considered as a promising and environmentally- a friendly strategy for sustainable agriculture development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

463 - Quinolone resistance associated with efllux pumps mexAB-oprM in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mitra Salehi Mina Hekmatdoost Farzaneh Hosseini

Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common antibiotic resistant bacteria and, therefore, treatments of Pseudomonad-caused infections are complicated. MexAB-OprM pump exports many antimicrobial compounds regardless of their structural and More

Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common antibiotic resistant bacteria and, therefore, treatments of Pseudomonad-caused infections are complicated. MexAB-OprM pump exports many antimicrobial compounds regardless of their structural and functional similarities. The mexB gene encodes a proton-drug antiporter in MexAB-OprM pump. The present study was aimed to evaluate and detect the quinolone resistance associated with efllux pumps mexAB-oprM in P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 104 P. aeruginosa isolated from patients hospitalized in Trauma and Burn Intensive Care Unit (TBICU). The Genera and strains were identified primarily based on biochemical tests. The evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern was carried out using disk diffusion method for 11 common antibiotics and microdilution broth method for 4 antibiotics. The presence of mexB gene was investigated using PCR method. Results: According to the results, the most antibiotic resistance pattern were seen through treatment with nalidixic acid (86.54%), ceftazidime (82.2%) and ofloxacin (81.78%). Furthermore, the minimum antibiotic resistance were observed through treatment with imipenem (40.91%), piperacillin (44.9%) and tetracycline (48.03%). Based on MIC, the highest and lowest antibiotic sensitivity was recorded for tetracycline and ceftriaxone, respectively. Based on the PCR method, 27% of the clinical isolates harbor the mexAB-oprM operon. Conclusion: Based on the results, there is a significant association between presence of mexB gene and mexAB-oprM pump and antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. Regarding the importance of antibiotic resistance, the study of other efllux pumps, comparison of antibiotic resistance profile and the relationship between efllux pumps and clinical origin of the strains are recommended.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

464 - The evaluation of int1, sul1, aadA2, and aadB genes frequencies in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Tehran
Farzaneh Hosseini Zahra Salimizadeh Mitra Salehi

  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumanniia is a gram-negative coccobacillus which is increasingly reported as the major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of class I integron, and the prevalence of two More

  Background & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumanniia is a gram-negative coccobacillus which is increasingly reported as the major cause of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of class I integron, and the prevalence of two important aminoglycoside modifying enzymese genes (aadA2 and aadB) in A. baumannii isolates. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 33 A. baumannii isolated from patients who referred to Baghiatallah Azam and Shahid Modarres Hospitals in Tehran.Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was evaluated using disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guideline. The presence of intI1, sul1, aadA2 and aadB genes in clinical isolates was investigated by PCR technique. Results: The frequency of intI1, sul1, aadA2, and aadB genes in A. baumannii was observed as 51.5%, 51.5%, 24.2% and 36.4%, respectively. All isolates were multi-drug resistant, and the highest level of antibiotic resistance was shown to ampicillin, cefixime, cephalothin, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and streptomycin (100%). Furthermore, the minimum antibiotic resistance was shown to gentamicin (66.7%), and tetracycline (69.7%). Conclusion: A significant correlation was observed between class 1 integrons, and resistance to one antibiotic. However, this association was not remarkable in several other isolates with antibiotics resistance. This may imply that in addition to integrons, other determinants such as transposons and plasmids may also contribute to resistance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

465 - Frequency of papaA, papC genes and antimicrobial resistance pattern in uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Maryam Ghalandari Shamami Mohsen Mirzaee Shahin Najar-peerayeh

Background & Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in humans. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are one of the etiologic reason for UTIs. The purpose of this study is evaluation of bacterial resistance to commonly used More

Background & Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in humans. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are one of the etiologic reason for UTIs. The purpose of this study is evaluation of bacterial resistance to commonly used antibiotics and the prevalence of papaA and papC genes among uropathogenic E. coli. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 isolates E. coli collected from patients with UTIs referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Boroujerd. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed for all isolates against 13 antibiotics according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Then, prevalence of papA and papC genes was examined by PCR method. Results: The highest and lowest rates of antibiotic resistance belonged to  ampicillin 127 (84.7%) and nitrofurantoin (3.5%). Also, the prevalence of papA and papC genes was 32 (21.3%) and 72 (48%), respectively. Conclusion: These results shows increases in the antibiotic resistance in pathogen E. coli and high levels of pap operon in these strains. Based on these results, further investigations on the bacterial virulence and the antimicrobial resistance patterns can improve the treatment of urinary infections. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

466 - Antibiotic resistance and frequency of fimH, papC and sfa-foc virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from Caspian horse feces in Guilan province
Elham Nouri Leila Asadpour

10.30495/jmw.2022.1932317.1978

Background & Objectives: Due to the widespread use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and the increase in livestock production, it seems that the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in    human societies is more related to animals and the ve More

Background & Objectives: Due to the widespread use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and the increase in livestock production, it seems that the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in    human societies is more related to animals and the veterinary field. In this study, antibiotic        resistance and frequency of fimH, papC and sfa-foc virulence genes among Escherichia coli      isolated from Caspian horse feces in Guilan were studied. Materials & Methods: In this cross- sectional study, E. coli isolates were isolated from the feces of 157 apparently healthy Caspian horses by culture method and biochemical tests. Resistance    patterns against 17 different antibiotics were determined by disk diffusion method and frequency of virulence genes were assessed by PCR in isolates. Results: In phenotypic assay of antibiotic resistance, the isolates showed the most resistance to streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimetoprim antibiotics. Imipenem and gentamicin were the most effective antibiotics and 51.59 percent of isolates showed multi drug resistance pattern. The frequency of fimH, papC and sfa-foc virulence genes in isolates were 91%, 56.6% and 33.3%,   respectively. Frequency of all of three investigated genes were significantly higher in MDR       isolates (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that Escherichia coli isolated from the feces of horses in Guilan has the potential to transmit antibiotic resistance and threaten public health.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

467 - Antibiotic resistance assessment, and genotypic and phenotypic detection of norA efflux pump in methicillin and ciprofloxacin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates
Samaneh sadat Kazemi Fahimeh Nemati Mansour Amir Mirzaei Fatemeh Ashrafi

Background & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections throughout the world. Efflux pumps such as norA play a major role in the development of resistance to different antibiotics in this bacteria. The aim of this study was More

Background & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections throughout the world. Efflux pumps such as norA play a major role in the development of resistance to different antibiotics in this bacteria. The aim of this study was evaluation of the antibiotic resistance and detection of efflux pump (norA) in methicillin resistant (MRSA) and ciprofloxacin resistant S. aureus isolates using genotypic and phenotypic methods. Materials & Methods: During this sectional study, 250 clinical samples were collected from different hospitals in Tehran, Iran. S. aureus isolates were identified and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in both MRSA and ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. Furthermore, the presence of norA efflux pump gene in MRSA and ciprofloxacin resistant isolates was assessed phenotypically using ciprofloxacin and ethidium bromide MIC, with CCCP as efflux pump inhibitor, and genetically using PCR method. Results: Totally, 50 S. aureus isolates were recovered. The results of antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 34 isolates (68%) were resistant to methicillin, of which 12 isolates (24%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin, as well. Moreover, all the MRSA- ciprofloxacin resistant strains harbored the norA gene and active efflux pump. Conclusion: The results showed the correlation between ciprofloxacin resistance and norA efflux pump gene in MRSA isolates. Development of efflux pump inhibitors can be useful in the control of MRSA ciprofloxacin resistant strains. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

468 - Identification of resistant eggplant cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, the causal agent of fusarium wilt using molecular markers in Iran
Negin Safikhani Bahar Morid Hamid reza Zamanizadeh Shahab Hajmansoor

Background & Objectives: Eggplant fusarium wiltis an important factor of yield reduction throughout the world. The ability of this pathogen to survive for several consecutive years within the soil, even in the absence of the host, has made it difficult to control. P More

Background & Objectives: Eggplant fusarium wiltis an important factor of yield reduction throughout the world. The ability of this pathogen to survive for several consecutive years within the soil, even in the absence of the host, has made it difficult to control. Producing and using the resistant cultivar is the most effective and suitable method to control this disease. This study was aimed to identify fusarium wilt resistant eggplant cultivars.   Materials & Methods: First, leaf samples of domestic and hybrid eggplant cultivars were gathered from 28 provinces in Iran and then DNA extraction from young leaves of the cultivars was carried out using CTAB method. Four markers including CAPS, RAPD, SRAP, and SCAR were used to determine the resistant cultivars. In order to confirm the results, resistance and sensitivity of the genotypes were assessed in greenhouse conditions, as well.   Results: Out of 20 genotypes of this study, 13  showed index resistance band using CAPS, RAPD, and SRAP of molecular markers. On the other hand, the SCAR marker could not separate the resistant cultivars from the sensitive ones. Phenotype assessment of native and hybrids resistant cultivars in greenhouse condition confirmed the results of the molecular analysis.   Conclusion: In general, the use of resistant cultivars obtained in this study using molecular markers is recommended for planting in areas with fusarium wilt disease. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

469 - Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and induction of defensive enzyme of phenylalanine ammonialyse in tomato by Trichoderma and Bacillus antagonist isolates
Shahnaz Aleaghaee Saeed Rezaee Mostafa Ebadi Hamidreza Zamanizadeh

Background & Objectives: Fusarium wilt disease is one of the limiting factors of tomato production in most countries, especially in Iran. Considering the malicious effect of chemicals on health, the study on the alternatives for disease controlling is important. Thi More

Background & Objectives: Fusarium wilt disease is one of the limiting factors of tomato production in most countries, especially in Iran. Considering the malicious effect of chemicals on health, the study on the alternatives for disease controlling is important. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates on biological control of Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.Materials & Methods: The inhibitory effects of  Trichoderma and Bacillus isolates against Fusarium were evaluated on PDA. The ability of the colonization of these antagonists was also examined. The effect of separate and combined application of the antagonists isolates against Fusarium vascular wilt disease severity index and some growth factors of tomato were determined. Also, the potential of these isolates on the induction of phenylalanine ammonlyase was measured in seedlings infected with Fusarium.Results: The biocontrol agents showed different levels of inhibition of Fusarium growth. The Trichoderma isolates were more successful with a high inhibitory effect (72.06% and 69.16%). These isolates were also powerful colonizers of the pathogen. The disease severity was affected by the antagonists at different levels. Separate and combined treatments of Trichoderma isolates were more effective in the reduction of the disease severity and improving the growth factors. The activity of phenylalanine ammonialyas increased in the plants treated with Trichoderma isolates compared to control treatment (Fusarium). The combined application of these isolates was more effective than the separate using of them on the induction of the enzyme.Conclusion: The investigated Trichoderma isolates were successful in controlling the pathogen. Therefore, the use of these isolates as agents with multiplier effects can be effective in biocontrol of tomato Fusarium wilt. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

470 - Frequency of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples in Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan, and recognition mec A gene using PCR
Rasoul Shokri Mojtaba Salouti Rahim Sorouri Zanjani Zahra Heidari

Background and Objectives: Nowadays Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the public-health threats due to resistance to agents and anti microbial drugs. The aim of present study was to find the incidence of Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aure More

Background and Objectives: Nowadays Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the public-health threats due to resistance to agents and anti microbial drugs. The aim of present study was to find the incidence of Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical samples in Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital of Zanjan and their antibiotic resistance pattern as well as recognizing of the mecA gene using PCR. Materials  &Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 176 specimens were collected from different sections of Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital and assayed. The strains were identified and the resistances of the isolates to 12 kinds of antibiotics were determined using disk diffusion method. Finally, following DNA extraction, mecA gene was analyzed by PCR. Results: 45 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were recovered (25.56%). 26 out of 45 Staphylococcus aureus isolates (57.77%) were confirmed as MRSA. Evaluation of antibiotic resistance showed the greatest resistance to penicillin (100%) and cloxacillin (80.76%), respectively, and the lowest resistance was observed to vancomicin (7.69%). Conclusion: The findings showed that the prevalence of MRSA was remarkable in the hospital samples and the resistance to methicillin has increased that is a serious warning to the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

471 - Study of the frequency tetA, tetB, tetC, cat3 and floR genes and their role in multidrug resistance in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from traditional cheeses
Elham Doosti Abbas Doosti Ebrahim Rahimi

Background & Objectives: Salmonella is a member of Enterobacteriaceae. Dairy products, such as cheese, are one of the environmental sources of these bacteria. This study was performed to isolate Salmonella enteritidis collected from traditional cheese produced in Ch More

Background & Objectives: Salmonella is a member of Enterobacteriaceae. Dairy products, such as cheese, are one of the environmental sources of these bacteria. This study was performed to isolate Salmonella enteritidis collected from traditional cheese produced in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province, and also to study the frequency of associated gene with drug resistance. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 samples of traditional cheese were collected from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. Bacterial culture and biochemical tests were used to isolate and identify Salmonella strains. PCR assay was used for final diagnosis of Salmonella genus and direct detection of S. Enteritidis, and also to study the frequency of tetA, tetB, tetC, cat3 and floR genes. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to perform the antibiogram tests. Results: Overall,  32 (32%) cases out of 100 samples were detected as Salmonella contamination. Of these, 10% (31/25 cases) of samples belonged to S. enteritidis. The highest frequency of antibiotic gene resistant belonged to tetC (70%). The highest antibiotic resistance (100%) was related to tetracycline and the highest sensitivity (100%) was related to cefotaxime. Conclusion: The results of present study showed that S. enteritidis carry high frequencies of antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of high resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline can be because of the presence of these genes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

472 - Detection of the antibiotic resistance pattern in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples obtained from patients hospitalised in Imam Reza hospital, Kermanshah
Zeinab Ahmadi Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan Momtaz

Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of important etiology of contagious infections in community and hospital (nosocomial infections). Nowadays, an intensive increases in the antibiotic resistance is recorded due to increase in the rate of antibiotic More

Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of important etiology of contagious infections in community and hospital (nosocomial infections). Nowadays, an intensive increases in the antibiotic resistance is recorded due to increase in the rate of antibiotic usages worldwide. This study was conducted to track the antibiotic resistant genes in the S. aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens obtained from humans and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern or the strains. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 coagulase-positive S. aureus collected from urinary tract infections and skin wounds of the patients hospitalised in the Imam Reza hospital, Kermanshah, through 2012. These strains were selected using laboratory standard methods and culture-specific. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion on plate. Furthermore, the presence of 5 genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, including mecA, aacA-D, tet K, tet M, msrA, ermA, were investigated using multiplex-PCR method. Results: Based on the phenotypic investigation on antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains, the highest rates were seen in treatment with penicillin (90%), tetracycline (76%), methicillin (64%), ampicillin (55%) while the lowest sensitivity was observed in treatment with nitrofurantoin (8%) and vancomycin (14%). The most prevalent gene was tetM (89%), followed by mecA (58%), ermA (40%), msrA (36%), aacA-D (24%) and  tetK (13%). Conclusion: Our result showed high rates of antibiotic resistance in the S. aureus isolated from this hospital. Therefore, it is recommended to limit the antibiotic uses without prescription or in unnecessary cases in order to decrease rate of microbial resistance to antibiotics.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

473 - Evaluation of the prevalence of Vancomycin- resistant Enterococci strains isolated from patients in the ICU in Kashan
Seyede Marzie Jabbari Shiade Rezvan Moniri Ahmad Khorshidi Mohammad ali Saba Seyed Gholam Abbas Mousavi Mahdi Salehi

Background and Objectives: Enterococcus is part of human and animal intestinal flora. The withdrawal of these bacteria from their original location causes infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in hospitalized patients. The aim of More

Background and Objectives: Enterococcus is part of human and animal intestinal flora. The withdrawal of these bacteria from their original location causes infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, and Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) strains and the phenotypes of the Van genes in Enterococcus isolated from rectal swabs of patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 156 rectal-swab samples were collected from patients in three wards of ICUs in the Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Enterococcus was detected in samples with the Gram stain and biochemical tests. An antibiotic resistance test was done using CLSI criteria. Different types of vancomycin resistance genes were identified by the multiplex PCR technique. Results: Enterococcus was detected in 135 rectal-swab samples (86.5%). The prevalence of VRE strains was 42.9% (58 cases). The frequency of Van A and Van C genes were 69% and 6.9%, respectively. In this study neither of van B, D, E and G genes were observed. 59.2% of patients who consumed 3 to 4 types of antibiotics, and 35.4% of those who consumed 1 to 2 types of antibiotics, had VRE. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that antibiotic consumption can lead to increasing the resistance phenotypes. The prevalence of VRE was indicated 3.6 times more in patients who had consumed antibiotics. Also, with increasing number of antibiotic consumption of 1-2 to 3-4 types, risk of antibiotic-resistant Enterococci increases 2.65 times. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

474 - Study of antibiotic resistance genes qnr and Shigella strains isolated from patients admitted to Children's Medical Center, Tehran
Majid Moghbeli Vahid Behnood Reza Ranjbar

Background and Objectives: Fluoroquinolones are successfully being used for treatment of the infections caused by Shigella and multiple antimicrobiaol resistant strains, as well. Mutations in gyr A and carrying qnr are the main mechanisms of resistance to quinolone in m More

Background and Objectives: Fluoroquinolones are successfully being used for treatment of the infections caused by Shigella and multiple antimicrobiaol resistant strains, as well. Mutations in gyr A and carrying qnr are the main mechanisms of resistance to quinolone in microbial strains. This study was aimed to investigate the presence of qnr resistant genes and to evaluate the antibiotic resistant profile in Shigella strains isolated from patients. Methods and Materials: This study was carried out on 73 Shigella strains isolated from the patients admitted to Mofid’s children medical center, First, the bacteria and strains isolated from the patients were identified based on biochemical and serological tests. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined based on Kirby– Bauer test. The presence of qnr gene was finally determined using PCR reaction.  Results: The antibiotic resistance profile showed that 97.2% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic among 18 antimicrobial agents. The most antibiotic resistance ability belonged to trimetoprim+ sulfametoxasol (94.5%) while the lowest antibiotic resistance were seen in the case of treatment with Ciprofloxacin and ceftizoxime (with 100% sensitivity ratio). Totally, 23 Shigella isolates showed resistance against nalidixic acid. Of these, four samples, belonging toS. flexeneri (2 strains), S. Soneie (1 strain) and S. Boiedie (1 strain) carried qnrS gene. None of qnrA and qnrB genes were detected in the isolated strains. Conclusion: Based on the data, the nalidixic resistance frequency and presence of qnrS gene was significant in these Shigella isolates. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

475 - Genotypic diversity of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in East Azerbaijan center by MIRU-VNTR
Ali Afaghi-Garaaleki Seyyedreza Moaddab Mojtaba Darboei Khalil Ansarin Shahram Hanifian

Background & Objectives: Tuberculosis has become one of the most serious diseases due to theincreased prevalence of resistance. To control the disease, tuberculosis molecular epidemiological studies are important in determining the genetic diversity of strains circu More

Background & Objectives: Tuberculosis has become one of the most serious diseases due to theincreased prevalence of resistance. To control the disease, tuberculosis molecular epidemiological studies are important in determining the genetic diversity of strains circulating in communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant tuberculosis among patients in Iran and Azerbaijan.   Materials & Methods: The isolates from tuberculosis patients of the Azerbaijan Republic andTabriz were studied from March 2014 to March 2015. All isolates were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by biochemical methods and drug susceptibility testing against isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, and ethambutol was performed by proportional method. Following DNA extraction, each MIRU locus was amplified individually to determine their repeat numbers as compared to H37Rv standard strain. Finally, genotyping was performed according to the repeat numbers of subsets of 15 studied loci using the MIRU-VNTRplus reference website.   Results: Totally of 119 obtained isolates, resistance to at least one drug of the first line of anti-TB drugs and multidrug resistance were observed as 27.73 and 6.72 percent, respectively. Cameron, UgandaӀ, UgandaӀӀ, LAM, TUR, Dehli/CAS, Bovis, Beijing, NEW-1 and H37Rv were among genotypic families which were determined.   Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the rate and pattern of drug resistance andgenotypic families are different among the people of Tabriz and Azerbaijan, but the indicators were more diverse in Azerbaijan as compared to Tabriz. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

476 - Study of NS5B gene mutations in hepatitis C virus genotype 1a in Guilan Province
Leila Asadpour Hamdollah Rahimi Dogaheh Mahnaz Houshmsnd Rad

Background & Objectives: Hepatitis C virus is the main cause of chronic hepatitis, resulting in a thousand deaths every year. NS5B protein is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is encoded by the NS5B gene and involved in virus replication. One of the most effectiv More

Background & Objectives: Hepatitis C virus is the main cause of chronic hepatitis, resulting in a thousand deaths every year. NS5B protein is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is encoded by the NS5B gene and involved in virus replication. One of the most effective drugs in the treatment of infections caused by this virus are NS5B protein inhibitors. The emergence of the strains resistant to these drugs is a major obstacle to the success of treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate possible mutations in the NS5B region of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a in Guilan province.   Materials & Methods: HCV genomic RNA was extracted from the plasma samples of 225 anti-HCV positive patients and its molecular identification and genotyping was carried out by RT-PCR and product Sequencing. Then, the NS5B gene was amplified in 10 strains with genotype 1a and subsequently sequenced to determine mutations in this region.   Results: Genotypes 3a (53.3%) and 1a (36.9%) were the most abundant genotypes identified in Guilan. According to sequencing results, out of 10 investigated genotype 1a strains, 5 strains showed 7 types of missense mutations in codons Q309, A327, S254, K304, N307, R250, and A334.   Conclusions: Genotype 1a is one of the common genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Guilan. Identifying mutations or polymorphisms associated with resistance in hepatitis C virus can be useful in optimizing the treatment and determining the efficacy of drugs in treating hepatitis C virus. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

477 - The predatory potential of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus against clinically isolated pathogens with extensively drug-resistance (XDR)
Salman Odooli Rasoul Roghanian Giti Emtiazi Milad Mohkam Younes Ghasemi

Background & Objectives: Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (BALOs) are a group of predatory bacteria which invade other Gram-negative bacterial cells for growth. The bacteriolytic nature of Bdellovibrios make them one of the promising alternatives for conventional ant More

Background & Objectives: Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (BALOs) are a group of predatory bacteria which invade other Gram-negative bacterial cells for growth. The bacteriolytic nature of Bdellovibrios make them one of the promising alternatives for conventional antibiotics. In this study, the isolation and molecular identification of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain SOIR-1 was described. The antibiotic resistance pattern of some clinically isolated Gram-negative pathogens was determined, and the predatory potency of SOIR-1 toward them was evaluated. Material & Methods: Double-layer agar technique, transmission electron microscopy, and PCR targeting the Bdellovibrios-specific hit locus were used for the isolation, morphological investigation, and molecular identification of SOIR-1, respectively. Following the antibiotic resistance profile determination of clinical isolates, the bacteriolytic activity of SOIR-1 against them was evaluated through the plaque formation assay and lysis analysis in the broth co-cultures. Results: SOIR-1 was identified as a strain of Bdellovibrios bacteriovorus through the transmission electron microscopy examination and specific PCR detection. All clinical isolates showed the properties of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and typical Bdellovibrios plaques were developed on their lawns of cells. The SOIR-1 had the highest and lowest predation efficiency among the clinical isolates toward Acinetobacter baumannii (84.33%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-369 (55.16%), respectively. Conclusion: This study highlights the great potential of SOIR-1 to prey and lyse XDR pathogens, regardless of their antimicrobial resistance state. So, B. bacteriovorus can be considered as a living antibiotic in the cases of infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

478 - Detection of T6SS secretory system and membrane purine involved in antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates
Tohid Piri Gharaghie Abbas Doosti Seyed Abbas Mirzaei

10.30495/jmw.2021.690441

Background & Objectives: Type 6 secretory system (T6SS) and the presence of a strong efflux pump due to membrane purine are important indicators of pathogenicity of Acinetobacter baumannii. This study aimed to track the secretory system of T6SS and membrane purine a More

Background & Objectives: Type 6 secretory system (T6SS) and the presence of a strong efflux pump due to membrane purine are important indicators of pathogenicity of Acinetobacter baumannii. This study aimed to track the secretory system of T6SS and membrane purine as well as the pattern of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 33 strains of A. baumannii isolated from clinical samples including blood, urine, respiratory trachea, and wound. Antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was evaluated by the disk diffusion method according to CLSI protocol. Also, the frequency of genes encoding the effector proteins secreted from the type 6     secretory system and membrane purine was determined using Multiplex PCR.Results: 31 strains of A. baumannii were identified, using the molecular method.  A. baumannii isolates showed 93.55% sensitivity to colistin sulfate. The lowest susceptibility was related to five classes of antibiotics: fluoroquinolones (12.9%), cephalosporins (6.45%), aminoglycosides (6.45%), macrolides (16.1%), and inhibitory antibiotics (12.1%). The results showed that in addition to the MDR phenotype (100% of isolates), 20 isolates (64.52%) had the XDR phenotype. The frequency of the hcp gene was confirmed in 18 isolates (58%) and ompC in all isolates (100%). Also, the frequency of the ompC gene in MDR and XDR isolates was 100%. However, the hcp gene was observed only in the XDR phenotype with 90% frequency. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the possible effect of the hcp gene on the compatibility of A. baumannii isolates with unfavorable conditions and the occurrence of resistance phenotype.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

479 - Climate change and its effect on microbial diversity of extreme environments and infectious diseases outbreaks
Sepideh Meidaninikjeh Parisa Mohammadi Afsaneh Khanbabakhani

10.30495/jmw.2021.690435

Climate change is one of the most important issues that has attracted a great deal of attention and caused many environmental problems for health systems and global economy. Studies have shown that during climate change, microorganisms also change significantly resulted More

Climate change is one of the most important issues that has attracted a great deal of attention and caused many environmental problems for health systems and global economy. Studies have shown that during climate change, microorganisms also change significantly resulted in many problems including the recurrence and spread of infectious diseases, emerging diseases (COVID-19 pandemic), and antibiotic resistance. Climate change has led to famine, drought, floods, and global warming that threatens the lives of many people. famine, drought, floods, and global warming that threatens the lives of many people. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, especially the use of less fossil fuels in industry, can be a preventative way. Therefore, it is significant to have plans to deal with climate change consequences in the environment. In this review paper, 71 articles from 1992 to 2020 were reviewed by mentioned keywords. Some        specific extreme environments that are rich in valuable secondary metabolites and microorganisms but are fragile to climate change and also their microorganism’s diversity and population which have been changed during climate change were reviewed.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

480 - The Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii strains carrying LPS and siderophore virulence genes isolated from clinical samples
Sheida Beiranvand Abbas Doosti Seyed Abbas Mirzaei

10.30495/jmw.2021.690443

Background & Objectives: Increasing antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has become a major global concern today. The mechanism of the food supply through iron supply through Siderophores is one of the most important factors in the adaptation of More

Background & Objectives: Increasing antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates has become a major global concern today. The mechanism of the food supply through iron supply through Siderophores is one of the most important factors in the adaptation of bacteria to adverse conditions. The study of the frequency of the presence of Siderophore genes in clinical isolates      provides a high understanding of the mechanism of bacterial resistance. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the frequency of antibiotic resistance in isolates containing the Siderophore gene. Materials & Methods: Clinical samples were collected from hospitalized patients including            respiratory, wound, urinary, and blood samples. Biochemical tests were performed to isolate the    bacteria. A molecular sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was performed to confirm    Acinetobacter baumannii strains and to evaluate the presence of target genes. Microbial                  susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI instructions and the relationship between microbial resistance and expression of Siderophore genes in isolates was        investigated. Results: According to PCR results, out of 64 isolates identified by biochemical tests, 28 isolates (43.75%) were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii. All 28 isolated isolates (100%) had LPS genes and 15 isolates (53.57%) had Siderophore gene with 93.3% resistance to Carbapenems and 26.6% to Colistin sulfate and antibiotics. Were identified as XDR and MDR strains. Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of Siderophore and LPS genes in               Acinetobacter baumannii strains are worrisome and require infection control measures including management of antibiotics and rapid identification of resistant isolates.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

481 - Molecular typing E. coli O157:H7 isolates using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) - PCR technique and the relationship genetic and antibiotic resistance patterns
Sedigheh Mokhtari Yahya Tahamtan Mohammad Kargar KEYVAN TADAYON Elham Moazamian

10.30495/jmw.2022.1969083.2041

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the main foodborne pathogen that cause severe gastrointestinal issues and death. Cattle are the major reservoir for E. coli O157:H7. During the slaughtering process, E. coli O157:H7 enter to food chain. Ide More

Background & Objectives: Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the main foodborne pathogen that cause severe gastrointestinal issues and death. Cattle are the major reservoir for E. coli O157:H7. During the slaughtering process, E. coli O157:H7 enter to food chain. Identifying the source of contamination plays important role in the control of bacteria. The purpose of this study is molecular typing and determining of genetic relationships among E.coli O157:H7 isolates using RAPD-PCR technique and investigating the relationship between their genetic and antibiotic  resistance patterns.Materials& methods: The Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to evaluate genetic relationship among the isolates and the results was analyzed by NTSYSpc software. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was examined through disc diffusion method.Results: The most isolates showed sensitivity to seven antibiotics and resistance were observed in six strains. DNA fingerprinting showed 10 genetic patterns. The isolates from different sources were clustered based on the similarity in RAPD pattern. The strains contain different DNA pattern and high genetic distance, showed different patterns of antibiotic susceptibility.Conclusion: The genomic diversity showed distinct profiles of DNA in strains with the same clonal relationships and different patterns of antibiotic resistance were revealed. Therefor determining the clonal relationships of isolates with RAPD PCR technique, simultaneous using of antibiotic resistance patterns and molecular typing can be effective in detecting isolates and infection control.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

482 - Biosorption of arsenic in laboratory condition from municipal wastewaters treatment plants as well as Polyacrylic effluent in Isfahan
Neda Heidari Khoii Monir Doudi

10.30495/jmw.2021.690440

Pollution of the invironment with metals is a serious threatment to human health and the environments. The purpose of this study of arsenic biosorption was from several industrial effluents. In this analytical study samples were collected from two wastewater treatment p More

Pollution of the invironment with metals is a serious threatment to human health and the environments. The purpose of this study of arsenic biosorption was from several industrial effluents. In this analytical study samples were collected from two wastewater treatment plants of ShahinShahr (1) and Polyacrylic Company (2). Temprature, pH, BOD, COD, and arsenic were measured. Heterotrophic bacteria were counted and arsenic-resistant bacteria were isolated by PHG II medium and evaluated for resistance to several antibiotics. Agar diffusion method (MIC) and (MBC) were used bacterial determinationand for colony-PCR. The concertrations of arsenic in effluents (1) and (2) were 0.730 and 1.895 mg/L, respectively and the pH of both  effluents was neutral. The effluent BOD and COD effluent (2)was within the standard range, but the BOD and COD effluent (1) was somewhat higher. The number of heterotrophic bacteria in effluent (1) was higher than effluent (2), but there was no significant difference between these two effluents. Arsenic-resistant isolates in both effluents were Bacillus syphenis OPL, Pseudomonas aeruginosa IAUF-11ZBK, Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia IR-Isfahan (G) and 5633. Pseudomonas aeruginosaZBK showed the highest sensitivity to antibiotics, which was able to biosorption of   arsenic from municipal wastewater up to 1.4 mg/L in vitro.Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ZBK had a good ability to biosorption of arsenic and low resistance to antibiotics. This strain is recommended for bioabsorption of arsenic from effluents.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

483 - The evaluation of the effect of gold nanoparticles on the expression of (MexA/B) efflux pump genes from the RND family in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains
Nehleh Falahati Houshang Jamali Mohammad Kargar Farshid Kafilzadeh

Background and purpose: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has several protein pumps with which it puts antibiotics out. This has led to the formation of multidrug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles on the expression of mexA/B gene More

Background and purpose: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has several protein pumps with which it puts antibiotics out. This has led to the formation of multidrug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles on the expression of mexA/B genes in multidrug       resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 74 suspected samples of        Pseudomonas genus were collected and phenotypic and genotypic tests were used to screen     Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Then, anibiogram test using 11 antibiotics from different classes was performed by the use of CLSI 2020 standard tables and the disk diffusion method.The frequency of mexA/B genes was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction method and after determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of gold nanoparticles, the effect of gold nanoparticles on the expression of mexA/B genes was evaluated using SYBER Green-Real Time PCR technique. Results: In this study (67.57%) 50 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified. The     highest and lowest levels of antibiotic resistance were related to azteronam (98%) and cefpime (26%). The prevalence of mexA/B genes was respectively  MexA (74%), mexB (70%) and      mexA/B (58%) and also 12% lacked both genes. Gold nanoparticles showed growth inhibitory effect at MIC ≥ 50ppm and at 25 ppm concentration with ciprofloxacin, showed inhibitory effect on the expression of mexA/B genes. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that gold nanoparticles can inhibit the expression of mexA and mexB genes in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to the fact that gold nanoparticle does not have toxic effects on eukaryotic cells, it can be important in the treatment process of this group of bacteria.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

484 - Isolation and characterization of heavy metal resistant halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert
Nazanin Tavoosi Abbas Akhavan Sepahi Mohammad Ali Amoozegar Vahid Kiarostami

10.30495/jmw.2023.1968233.2039

Background & Objectives: Heavy metal pollution has increased worldwide. Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals in saline environments with conventional microbiological treatment processes is not feasible. Therefore, the use of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria More

Background & Objectives: Heavy metal pollution has increased worldwide. Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals in saline environments with conventional microbiological treatment processes is not feasible. Therefore, the use of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria need to be considered for the remediation of saline ecosystems. This study aimed to isolate and characterize toxic heavy metal-resistant and halophilic/halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert.Materials & Methods: After sampling, halophilic/halotolerant bacteria were isolated on Moderate Halophilic media. Morphological and biochemical characterizations of isolates were carried out. Each isolate's heavy metal resistance was identified by an agar dilution method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC ) of each heavy metal was determined. Then, sixteen strains were randomly selected and subjected to 16S rRNA gene identification.Results: The least toxicities were found with selenite and arsenate on 74 selected isolates, while mercury exhibited the highest toxicity. The maximum MIC values of cadmium, copper, and  chromium were the same. Although, the MIC value of zinc was significantly less. The remarkable resistance toward lead, selenite, and arsenate was reported. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most strains belong to the Bacillaceae family and Bacillus genus. Conclusion: Selected halophilic/halotolerant bacteria from the Lut desert had considerable  resistance to heavy metals. Therefore, these strains could be considered for further investigations of the mechanisms involved in heavy metal resistance of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria or for bioremediation of polluted saline environments.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

485 - Investigation of antibacterial resistance and biofilm production capacity of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Guilan
Leila Asadpour Ahmadreza Sahranavard

10.30495/jmw.2021.690442

Background & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the microbiota of human skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract which its the most important virulence factor is the ability to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to investigate ant More

Background & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the microbiota of human skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract which its the most important virulence factor is the ability to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial resistance and investigation of biofilm production in clinical isolates of S. epidermidis in Guilan. Materials & Methods: S. epidermidis were isolated from clinical specimens in Rasht. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was evaluated by disk diffusion method and phenotypic evaluation of         biofilm production capability by microplate method. The presence of genes involved in biofilm formation including icaA, icaD, bhp and aap was investigated by PCR. Results: Out of 70 isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis, the highest resistance was against        penicillin and vancomycin was the most effective antibiotic. In phenotypic assay, 38 isolates (54.3%) were able to produce biofilm, of which 94.7%, 55.3% and 42.1%, presence of icaA, icaD and aap genes were detected respectively. The bhp gene was not detected in the studied isolates. Conclusion: The results indicate high rate of antibacterial resistance and biofilm forming ability in S. epidermidis isolates in Guilan and as a result the high potential of these isolates in              colonization, pathogenicity and acquisition of multidrug resistance.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

486 - The effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the expression of genes effective in biofilm production in resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains
Marzieh Shafiei kumarss amini Parvaneh Jafari

10.30495/jmw.2022.1914843.1941

Background and Objectives: The ability of Klebsiella pneumoniae as an opportunistic bacterium in hospital infections, by producing biofilm on food utensils and hospital surfaces, has adverse effects on the treatment and survival of hospitalized patients. The present stu More

Background and Objectives: The ability of Klebsiella pneumoniae as an opportunistic bacterium in hospital infections, by producing biofilm on food utensils and hospital surfaces, has adverse effects on the treatment and survival of hospitalized patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm formation.Materials and methods: TiO2 nanoparticles were produced using sol-gel method. 62 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from three hospitals in Tehran. Antimicrobial activity of TiO2 nanoparticles against biofilm-producing and antibiotic-resistant strains was determined by disk diffusion method. Definitive identification of the isolates was done through common biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing, and the expression of treC, mrkD, sugE, luxS and 16SrRNA genes was investigated by real time PCR.Findings: The data showed that the ability to form biofilm among isolates obtained from sputum was higher than other isolates. TiO2 nanoparticles with a concentration of 256 μg/ml inhibited biofilm production in fourteen isolated strains. Comparison of LuxS gene expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae untreated and treated with TiO2 showed that the level of gene expression decreased by 3.85 times (p = 0.002).Conclusion: This study showed that the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles are effective against the formation of biofilm in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains resistant to several drugs and can be reliable and useful as inorganic antimicrobial agents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

487 - Antibiotic resistance and presence of integron class 1 and class 2 genes amongst Escherichia coli isolates of urine specimens of inpatients and outpatients in Ahvaz, southern of Iran
Abbas Farahani Mahsa Dastranj Jebreil Shamseddin Hojat Veisi Saber Soltani Hadi Kalantar

10.30495/jmw.2023.1982309.2057

Integrons play an essential role in spreading antibiotic resistance genes among Escherichia coli isolates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons amongst Escherichia coli isolates producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) More

Integrons play an essential role in spreading antibiotic resistance genes among Escherichia coli isolates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of class 1 and 2 integrons amongst Escherichia coli isolates producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in patients with urinary tract infections referred to Ahvaz teaching Hospital in 2017-2018. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, isolates were determined using conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was measured by agar disc diffusion method. Production of ESBLs enzymes was measured via double disc method. Finally, presence of genes related to class 1 and 2 integrons was done using specific primers and Polymerase chain reaction method. Amongst 123 Escherichia coli ESBLs producing isolates the highest resistance was related to Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cotrimoxazole and, Nalidixic acid, respectively, and the least resistance was related to Imipenem. About 84 (68.29%) isolates had multiple drug resistance (MDR). Additionally, 93 (75.60 %) isolates had class 1 integron and 11 (8.94 %) isolates had class 2 integron. There were no significant relationships between the presence of integrons and resistance to different antibiotics (p > 0.05). High prevalence of class 1 integron amongst Escherichia coli isolates producing broad-spectrum β-lactamase may contribute to resistance to common antibiotics. Therefore, identifying frequency of integrons and their relationship with drug resistance patterns seems to be necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

488 - Evaluation of Relationship between Phylogenetic Typing and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Zahra Etebarzadeh Mojgan Oshaghi Noor Amir Mozafari

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infectious diseases. Nowadays, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is counted as the predominant cause of urinary tract infection in 80-90% of patients. Due to increase in the rate of antibiotic u More

Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common infectious diseases. Nowadays, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is counted as the predominant cause of urinary tract infection in 80-90% of patients. Due to increase in the rate of antibiotic usage and subsequent drug resistance, this study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli isolated from patients with suspected urinary tract infection and phylogenetic grouping of these strains. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 600 samples of suspected urinary tract infection from Hasheminejad super specialty kidney hospital. To isolate E. coli strains, all samples were examined with biochemical and microbial tests. Then using the standard disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer), drug susceptibility test was performed on 8 different antibiotics. Multiplex PCR technique and specific primers of chuA, yjaA genes and TSPE4.C2 fragment were used for phylogenetic grouping of the isolated E. coli strains. Results: In this study the highest rates of resistance to antibiotics were seen against ampicillin (83.83%) and nalidixic acid (71.42%). Also, the lowest rates of resistance were reported against nitrofurantoin (3.12%) and ceftizoxime (11.22%). Based on phylogenetic studies, 65%, 19% and 16% of the isolated strains belonged to group B2, group D and group A, respectively. Also, the majority of antibiotic resistant strains and multi-drug resistant strains belonged to the phylogenetic group B2. Conclusion: As same as other reports around the world, most of the E. coli strains isolated from this region belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

489 - Enterotoxin gene profiles among multi-drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from traditional dairy products in Fars providence
Maryam Beygi Mohammad Kargar

Background & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most importantfactors of food poisoning in the world. The objective of this research is to investigate the frequency amount of enterotoxin genes in traditional dairy products with multidrug resistance isol More

Background & Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most importantfactors of food poisoning in the world. The objective of this research is to investigate the frequency amount of enterotoxin genes in traditional dairy products with multidrug resistance isolates in Fars province.  Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 300 samples of traditional dairy products.  In order to identify Staphylococcus aureus isolates in addition to standard biochemical tests, according to PCR method, nuc and 23S rRNA genes proliferation were confirmed. Enterotoxin genes were identified by using of the multiple PCR method. The susceptibility of the isolates for 16 antibiotics was investigated by using of the disk diffusion method according to CLSI criteria.   Results: 120 isolates (40%) were identified as Staphylococcus aureus. The highest frequency of contamination is related to Cheese with 38 samples (31.66%) and its lowest relates to Doogh with 10 samples (8.33%). 91 samples (75.83%) of contaminated isolates were included of the enterotoxin gene, the highest frequency of enterotoxin gene was related to sea (54.17%) and its following, seb, seg, see, sed and sec respectively were included the frequency 50%, 33.33%. 28%, 16.67%, 4.17% and 3.50%. Also out of 64 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (56.33%) with multidrug resistance, 54 isolates (84.38%) had enterotoxin genes.  Conclusion: The finding indicated that a significant frequency of Staphylococcus aureus isolates with enterotoxin producing multidrug resistance. Therefore, continuous molecular monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and also evaluation of the association of genetic profiles with clinical specimens is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

490 - Survey Role and Important of Surfaces Structure and β–lactamase of Bacillus cereus in Drug Resistant
Shilla Jalalpoor Hamid Abousaidi

Background and Objectives: S-layer is a outer protein in bacteria and archaea which intensifies bacterial pathogenicity due to inhibiting antibiotic’s entrance to cells. Because staffs and hospital surfaces have a major role in nosocomial infections, contaminating More

Background and Objectives: S-layer is a outer protein in bacteria and archaea which intensifies bacterial pathogenicity due to inhibiting antibiotic’s entrance to cells. Because staffs and hospital surfaces have a major role in nosocomial infections, contaminating this source with S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains of B. cereus can lead to spread the antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections. In this study, in addition to determine the frequency of S-layer and β–lactamase positive strains in hospital environment, their function in inhibition of antibiotic’s entrance has been surveyed.   Material and Methods: The descriptive research was performed on 274 samples isolated from Azzahra hospital and Isfahan University during 2005/2007. In order to preparation of samples, 16 hours bacterial culture in TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) were used and then electrophoresis with 10X SDS-PAGE were performed. Antibiogram were performed with Kirby Bauer method and β–lactamase production, with acidimetric method. Results: From 247 isolated bacteria, frequency of B. cereus strains was %9.49. Eleven sample (84/6%) from 13 isolated B. cereus of staff hand and 1 sample (7/7%) from 13 isolated B.cereus from hospital surfaces produce S-layer nano-structure. According to antibiogram result, non producer S-layer strains, in comparative S-layer producer strains, were more sensitive to antibiotics and all S-layer producer B.cereus strains, produce β–lactamase. Conclusion: Result  of this study show high prevalence S-layer and β–lactamase producer B. cereus strains in hospital, that lead to increase antibiotic resistance nosocomial infection and is necessary go on to reduce transfer virulence agent and antibiotic resistant in pathogen bacteria. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

491 - Prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from patients in Tabriz city
Katayoon Aliakbarzadeh Safar Farajnia Ashraf Karimi Nik

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections resistant to most of available antibiotics, which is known as an important reason of nosocomial death. Although the aminoglycosides are still used as drugs of choice f More

Background and Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections resistant to most of available antibiotics, which is known as an important reason of nosocomial death. Although the aminoglycosides are still used as drugs of choice for treatment of Acinetobacter infections, resistance to aminoglycosides has been increasing in this bacterium. The present study investigated the prevalence of the encoding genes of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, aphA6 and aadB, in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients in Emam Reza hospital, in Tabriz city. Material & methods: This cross- sectional study was carried out on 103 Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospitalized patient in Imam Reza hospital located at Tabriz. Identification of the strains was performed based on differential and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates to different aminoglycoside antibiotics including gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin and kanamycin were evaluated by disc diffusion method. Then the PCR technique used to evaluate the presence of aphA6 and aadB genes. Results: A total of studied isolates, 52 (50.48%) and 16 (15.53%) cases were positive for aphA6 and aadB genes, respectively. Also, the highest resistance was recorded for kanamycin (94%), gentamicin (86%), amikacin (81%) and tobramycin (63%) antibiotics. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the remarkable prevalence of the encoding genes of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in the A. baumannii isolates. Therefore, a widespread surveillance of resistance to antibiotics and prevention of distribution of these antibiotic-resistant genes is necessary.   Manuscript profile

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492 - تحقق حق بر توسعه در پرتو اقتصاد مقاومتی از منظر فقه و اسناد بین المللی
محمدرضا Haghighi Farajollah barati shesam hosseini

10.30495/alr.2022.1952929.2296

زمینه و هدف: تحریم های اعمال شده بر ایران خصوصا تحریم های یکجانبه امریکا بر پیکره اقتصادی موجب گردیده تا برای حفظ ساختار اقتصادی، سیاست هایی اتخاذ شود که اقتصاد مقاومتی از جمله این سیاست ها می باشد. این سیاست در سال های اخیر مبنای برنامه ریزی ها در حوزه اقتصاد را تشکیل More

زمینه و هدف: تحریم های اعمال شده بر ایران خصوصا تحریم های یکجانبه امریکا بر پیکره اقتصادی موجب گردیده تا برای حفظ ساختار اقتصادی، سیاست هایی اتخاذ شود که اقتصاد مقاومتی از جمله این سیاست ها می باشد. این سیاست در سال های اخیر مبنای برنامه ریزی ها در حوزه اقتصاد را تشکیل داده است. از سوی دیگر موضوع حق توسعه که در اسناد بین المللی و اسناد داخلی خصوصا برنامه های پنج ساله توسعه آمده بر سیاست گذاری ها به منظور تحقق حق بر توسعه تاکید دارد. لذا این مساله مطرح است که آیا در پرتو اقتصاد مقاومتی امکان تحقق حق بر توسعه وجود دارد؟یافته ها و نتایج: مبانی نظری اقتصاد مقاومتی مبتنی بر عزت مسلمین، حرمت دوستی با کفار، پرهیز از اسراف و تبذیر و حرمت تشبه به کفار استوار است. همچنین قاعده نفی سبیل و قاعده نفی غرر، قاعده نفی عسر و حرج، قاعده حفظ اسلام، قاعده لزوم اعداد و ارهاب، قاعده حکم حکومتی، قاعده اهم و مهم و همچنین آیه واعدو لهم ماستطعتم من قوه، المومنون عند شروطهم ، به عنوان مبانی برای تحلیل اقتصاد مقاومتی قابل توجه می باشد. در مورد اقتصاد مقاومتی بعنوان یک الگوی توسعه، باید گفت که اجرای الگوی اقتصاد مقاومتی نیازمند شرایط و وضعیتهایی است از جمله مردمی کردن اقتصاد ، توانمند سازی بخش خصوصی، کاهش وابستگی به نفت، توسعه شرکتهای دانش بنیان، حمایت از تولید ملی، مبارزه با مفاسد اقتصادی، مدیریت مصرف، بهره وری، Manuscript profile

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493 - بررسی مهم ترین مضامین مقاومت در اشعار توفیق زیّاد
علی صابری علی فیلی

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494 - مضامین و ساختار های شعر مقاومت در ادب راشد حسین
مختار مجاهد علی صابری

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495 - نقش توانمندسازی اقتصادی در راهبرد اقتصاد مقاومتی در کشورهای در حال توسعه
احمد جعفری صمیمی کورش اعظمی

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496 - الزامات وجود بیمه سپرده و ارتباط آن با مقاومت بانکی
حسین امیری مونا توفیقی

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497 - Ranking of Environmental Problems and Obstacles in the Field of Domestic Goods Marketing Management with a Resistance Economy Approach Using the AHP Method
arghavan yarahmadi Mohammad Reza Jaber Ansari

10.30495/fed.2023.707992

Abstract The current research has ranked environmental problems and obstacles in the field of domestic goods marketing management with a resistance economy approach. Among the statistical population of the research, 10 managers of electrical household appliances compan More

Abstract The current research has ranked environmental problems and obstacles in the field of domestic goods marketing management with a resistance economy approach. Among the statistical population of the research, 10 managers of electrical household appliances company were selected by theoretical saturation method. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. Examining the results showed that in the structural-political dimension, priority is given to the indicator of failure to reduce dependence on oil. For the structural-economic dimension, the highest priority is with the index of fighting against economic corruptors and economic corruptions, for the structural-social dimension, the highest priority is with the tax payment index, for the structural-technological dimension, the highest priority is with the index of the change in the direction of the economy based on resources to an economy based on innovation. In the social-behavioral dimension, the highest priority is given to the index of consumption of domestic products in devices, for the behavioral-technological dimension, the highest priority is given to the indicator of the development of infrastructure required for the empowerment of the workforce, in the contextual-economic dimension, the highest priority is given to the index of creating a competitive environment in the production sector and Distribution is in some product groups. For the contextual-social dimension, the most priority is with the index of strengthening public trust between the government and the people in economic policies, and for the contextual-technological dimension, the most priority is with the index of the use of new technologies in the automobile industry. Manuscript profile

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498 - پژوهشی درجریان آب های زیرزمینی «مطالعه موردی حوضه آبریز مرند»
محمدرضا اصغری مقدم کریم عباس زاده

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499 - The challenges of the dual competing axis of resistance-axis of compromise in the reorganization of order in the region of Southwest Asia
mohammad mahmoodikia

The dynamic nature of the developments in the Southwest Asia region, as well as the formation of new security polarizations in it, adds to the complexities of the future order and patterns of cooperation and conflict in this strategic region. The dual formation of the r More

The dynamic nature of the developments in the Southwest Asia region, as well as the formation of new security polarizations in it, adds to the complexities of the future order and patterns of cooperation and conflict in this strategic region. The dual formation of the rival axis of resistance and the axis of compromise is one of the most prominent manifestations of the order-making trends in this region. The outcome of which can lead to the formation of a new geopolitical order with different rules of action. This research seeks to investigate the effects of these new patterns of relations between regional actors (problem statement). Using a combined method of elite interviews and thematic analysis (research method), the researcher seeks to provide an answer to the main question of the research: What are the strengths and weaknesses of the rival dualism of resistance and compromise in the reconstruction of the regional order? A detailed understanding of how the said bipolar affects, requires knowing how the power is distributed in the region, the depressing features, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each of the mentioned axes (research question). In this research, 58 themes in understanding the changes in the components that shape the action environment, 78 themes in explaining the challenges of resistance and 114 themes in explaining the challenges of compromise have been counted (research findings). Manuscript profile

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500 - Diplomacy of the Resistance of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Syrian crisis; Dimensions and results
Hossein Mohammadi Sirat Younos Kolivand

War and diplomacy are two tools of power management in the international arena. It is clear that diplomacy is a tool that, with the support of the components of power, can lead to the consolidation and education of national interests. One of the most important sources o More

War and diplomacy are two tools of power management in the international arena. It is clear that diplomacy is a tool that, with the support of the components of power, can lead to the consolidation and education of national interests. One of the most important sources of power behind diplomacy is semantic and discourse power. Resistance is the main discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the regional and supra-regional level, and the diplomacy of the resistance, backed by the power of this discourse, seeks to ensure the national interests of the Islamic Republic in various international developments, including the Syrian crisis. Explaining the dimensions and results of diplomacy of the resistance of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Syrian crisis is the main question of the present study. The findings of this study indicate that resistance diplomacy in the Syrian crisis has theoretical and practical dimensions and with the support of field power has established and studied the national interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Documentary method and in-depth interviews with the executive elites of the foreign policy of the country have been used to collect the data of this research and descriptive-analytical method has been used to analyze the data. Manuscript profile

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501 - Resistance (Moqavimat) strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East based on security theoryCopenhagen School (2019-2014)
Sadegh Shahvarpoor najafabadi حامد محقق نیا فریدون اکبرزاده

Simultaneously with the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic, world powers tried to neutralize and stop the Islamic Revolution with various methods from military war to economic sanctions.In this situation, the More

Simultaneously with the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357 and the establishment of the Islamic Republic, world powers tried to neutralize and stop the Islamic Revolution with various methods from military war to economic sanctions.In this situation, the Islamic Republic of Iran, in order to maintain its security and life and to spread the discourse of the revolution, started the policy of forming resistance groups in the West Asian region.In this research, an attempt has been made to examine the regional policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the role of resistance groups in them, as well as the relationship between these policies and the Copenhagen security school.The main research question raised here is how to analyze the resistance strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East region with the influence of the Copenhagen school.? Also, the hypothesis is proposed that it seems that the strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the military, economic, political and environmental fields in the Middle East region was formed under the influence of the theory of the Copenhagen school and the ideas of Bari Bozan. Manuscript profile

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502 - Analyzing the approach of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Syrian crisis using the theory of resistance
Hasan Larti Hamed Mohagheghnia Rohollah Shahabinia Lena Abdolkhani

The conflict in Syria, which first started with popular protests and then led to a civil war and the confrontation of armed opposition and terrorist groups with Bashar al-Assad's government, involved many actors in this conflict. Some countries supported the opposition More

The conflict in Syria, which first started with popular protests and then led to a civil war and the confrontation of armed opposition and terrorist groups with Bashar al-Assad's government, involved many actors in this conflict. Some countries supported the opposition of Bashar al-Assad and made every effort to overthrow the ruling system. There were actors who took a step towards the support and survival of Bashar al-Assad's government. The Islamic Republic of Iran was one of the leading actors of this front, which, upon entering the conflict scene, played a key and undeniable role in changing the conditions of the war. This research is based on the basis of why the Islamic Republic of Iran had a direct participation in the Syrian war and what theory can explain and analyze this participation? To answer these questions, Iran's approach after the Islamic Revolution should be examined. An approach that is based on resistance, negation of the domination system, deterrence, fighting against the Zionist regime, supporting liberation movements and increasing regional influence and power. Therefore, with the escalation of the conflict and war in Syria, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which considered the destruction of the Syrian regime to mean the weakening and disintegration of the axis of resistance, the reduction of its deterrent power and regional power, by calculating the ideological, geopolitical and strategic commonalities between itself and the regime Syria had an active and decisive participation in the crisis and provided the basis for the survival of the Assad regime and its strategic alliance with Syria. Manuscript profile

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503 - Comparison of the Islamic Resistance Front and the Imperialism System in Western Asia,
younes khodaparast

The main purpose of this article is to compare the Islamic Resistance Front and the American imperialism regime in West Asia. In the analysis of the subject, we use the comparative method with the tools of Laclau and Mouffe discourse analysis theory. In response to this More

The main purpose of this article is to compare the Islamic Resistance Front and the American imperialism regime in West Asia. In the analysis of the subject, we use the comparative method with the tools of Laclau and Mouffe discourse analysis theory. In response to this hypothesis, it is proposed that the two models in question have different perceptions, perceptions and definitions of the computing system and are fundamentally different in the areas of leadership, strategic alliance, computing system, unity, method and goals. According to the research hypothesis, the research results indicate that in terms of conceptual and affirmative computing system in these two models, except in some cases, are different and different. Therefore, the strategy of active resistance and legitimate defense of the strategy of the Resistance Front against the strategy of the imperialism system means; the strategy of interventionism, aggression and a thousand wounds is to change the calculation system and disrupt the computational system of Iran and the Islamic Resistance. Essentially, America's imperialism rhetoric in West Asia by strengthening the Resistance Front "and" costly geopolitical interventions and reducing US tactical success due to regional crises, increasing interventionism, expansion of unilateralism and endless wars in the Asia Western regional environment is inevitable Manuscript profile

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504 - A Comparative Study of Educational Concepts of Revolution in the Poems of Four Contemporary Poets of the Islamic Revolution
Farhad Akhondi Gholamali Zare

The Islamic Revolution, as a civilization-building phenomenon, faced many fields of poetry and literature with profound development. The post-revolutionary poetry could not be a poem with aesthetic principles or preserve the social symbolism of the 1970s. Educative and More

The Islamic Revolution, as a civilization-building phenomenon, faced many fields of poetry and literature with profound development. The post-revolutionary poetry could not be a poem with aesthetic principles or preserve the social symbolism of the 1970s. Educative and moral themes emerged along with justice-seeking and identity-seeking themes, and the poets of the Islamic revolution such as Sabzevari, Harati, Azizi, Aminpour, etc. tried to crystallize popular ideals and the revolution in contemporary literature. Based on this, the present article tried to examine, analyze, and classify the revolutionary motivations in the poems of four poets of the revolution (Tahereh Saffarzadeh, Seyed Ali Mousavi Garmaroudi, Gheisar Aminpour, and Hamid Sebzevari) while examining the roots of revolution and resistance poetry. The hypothesis of the article is an emphasis on the fact that educational, stable, and critical motivations were the most important reasons for writing post-revolutionary poems in the poetry of these four. The methodology of this article is descriptive-analytical. The findings showed that among the three components of revolutionary motives (educational, stability-resistance, and criticism), the most frequent revolutionary motive among post-Islamic revolution poets is the educational motive. Manuscript profile

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505 - Presenting the sociological model of the implementation of resistance economy policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran between 1400-1392
Amir Hatamifar Hassan Kheiri Ali Shirkhani

This research was conducted with the aim of providing a sociological model of the implementation of resistance economy policies in the Republic of Iran between 1400-1392 and the main method of the current research is the survey method, which collects data with the help More

This research was conducted with the aim of providing a sociological model of the implementation of resistance economy policies in the Republic of Iran between 1400-1392 and the main method of the current research is the survey method, which collects data with the help of a questionnaire and analyzes it with the help of SPSS, PLS and Various statistics have been made. The statistical population of this research in the quantitative part, in the quantitative part, the statistical population includes 130 former and current professors and experts of sociology and economics of the universities of Qom, to select research samples in the quantitative stage, a simple random sampling method was used. In this part, because the sample size is limited, the statistical population is the same as the sample. ; And the findings of the research indicate that the main components of fit are the modification of the consumption pattern, lifestyle change, economic culture change, anti-corruption, people-centeredness and the role of the media, also considering the positivity of the lower and upper limits of the distance. The reliability (greater than the average) of all 6 indicators used in the report, it can be concluded that according to the respondents, these 6 are properly developed in the model process and are currently in a favorable condition. Based on the identified factors and indicators based on interviews and confirmatory factor analysis of the presented conceptual model, all 6 factors are approved and it Manuscript profile

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506 - Analysis of effective factors in the formation of the culture of progress in the discourse of resistance economy
Ahmad Azin hoseein bahrami sabet mohammad ali chit saz

The modern history of iran has witnessed evolution, planning, and actions in the area of progress and development. attention is on principle and the physical element, the qualities which have partly changed to reasons for them. In this gap, the special view of key eleme More

The modern history of iran has witnessed evolution, planning, and actions in the area of progress and development. attention is on principle and the physical element, the qualities which have partly changed to reasons for them. In this gap, the special view of key elements and effective groups in the development of a new culture is a significant development. This research had turned it upside down with the purpose of a native - pattern, of effective voices in the development of culture and the development of our conversation. The results of this work consists in trying to achieve the development of the country, founded on the development of culture, and of the development of society, which is basically the result of culinary institutions, of teaching, of religion, and of the systems associated with the great tools of striving, of faith, and of social development.socialization - development culture - resistance economy - institutionalization Manuscript profile

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507 - therolee of the foreeign policy discourse of the islamic revolution in the rreestablishment of relations beetween iran and saudi arabia
amirhossin mirahmadi Akbar Ashrafi Abolhassan shirazi reza jalali

The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, as two main and effective regional players, have played and will continue to play an influential role in the relations and geopolitical developments of the Persian Gulf. In the last decade and due to many political develop More

The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, as two main and effective regional players, have played and will continue to play an influential role in the relations and geopolitical developments of the Persian Gulf. In the last decade and due to many political developments, the relations between these two actors faced serious challenges and the tensions between them have played a destructive role in the region.The foreign policy discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran, despite elements such as: culture of resistance, rejection of dominance, religious democracy and the spirit of martyrdom in its discourse, succeeded in bringing Saudi Arabia to the negotiating table and after nearly seven years of breaking relations and The pervasive and escalating tension will re-establish relations between the two regional powers.Using the method of discourse analysis and extraction of existing elements, in the foreign policy discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the role of the aforementioned discourse in re-establishing the relationship between the two countries is investigated. Manuscript profile

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508 - Identifying the Resilient Economy Components Affecting Strategic Marketing in the Hotel Industry
Elham Kiyanmehr soheil sarmadsaidy Behrooz Ghasemi

In today's competitive atmosphere of the hospitality industry, increasing hotel capacity is one of the main concerns of managers. The purpose of the research is to identify within the framework of the Resilient Economy Declaration Policies on Enabling Internal Capacitie More

In today's competitive atmosphere of the hospitality industry, increasing hotel capacity is one of the main concerns of managers. The purpose of the research is to identify within the framework of the Resilient Economy Declaration Policies on Enabling Internal Capacities, Dimensions and Components Affecting the Strategic Marketing of Hotels to Increase the Hotel's Potential Capacity in the Face of the Special Economic Conditions of the Sanctions and Eventually, Develops the hotel industry and tourism industry. For this purpose, the basic dimensions of research were designed using qualitative content analysis method. Then the final components is extracted by sending questionnaire for experts , and Delphi method. The statistical population is related to the determinants of resilient economy, scientific and organizational experts. The results show that the components of the resilient economy affecting strategic hotel marketing in this study , are manpower productivity , leadership, cultural fit, structure fit and customer orientation. Manuscript profile

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509 - Evaluating the resistance business model in order to develop service industries
Hoda Zeynali Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi Mirzahasan Hoseini Sina Nematizadeh

This research was done with the aim of evaluating the model of resistance businesses in order to develop service industries. The research is mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of practical purpose, in terms of exploratory approach, and in terms of data analys More

This research was done with the aim of evaluating the model of resistance businesses in order to develop service industries. The research is mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of practical purpose, in terms of exploratory approach, and in terms of data analysis method.In the qualitative phase of the research, a group of service industry experts were selected and in-depth interviews were conducted with them.In this phase, the purposeful sampling method was used and continued until theoretical saturation was reached and a total of 15 interviews were conducted.In the quantitative phase, managers of service industries were considered as the population and among them, 240 people were selected as a statistical sample based on stratified random sampling and proportional distribution.In the qualitative phase of the research, the data collection tool was unstructured interviews with experts. The main tool for data collection, in the quantitative phase of the research, was a questionnaire made up of 94 items, which was designed based on the initial conceptual model. The results of the present research led to the design of a process model for evaluating the model of resistance businesses in order to develop service industries. Manuscript profile

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510 - بررسی دلایل مقاومت کارکنان در مقابل سیستم های مدیریت دانش (مطالعه موردی: گمرکات استان آذربایجان شرقی)
غفار تاری علی خدایی

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511 - عوامل تأثیرگذار شرکت های دانش بنیان بر اقتصاد مقاومتی در بازارهای کسب و کار(مطالعه موردی شرکت های دانش بنیان شهر تهران در سال 1395)
فاطمه باقری نصرت اله شادنوش

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512 - The Construction and Personal Experience of Professors and Experts in Rural Cooperatives Policy on Successful Implementation of Rural Cooperative Policies in association with Resistance Economy
nasrin khodabakhshi Zeinalabedin Amini Sabegh Masoud Ghorban Hoseini Ehsan Sadeh

If the success of public policies and policies. Accordingly, if there is a successful model in the implementation, there can undoubtedly be a flourishing and comprehensive development. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a theoretical framework and a paradigmat More

If the success of public policies and policies. Accordingly, if there is a successful model in the implementation, there can undoubtedly be a flourishing and comprehensive development. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a theoretical framework and a paradigmatic model of personal constructs of professors and experts in the field of rural cooperatives in the country, seeking to present the theory of indigenous peoples in theory. A sample of 20 faculty members and experts in rural cooperative policy are interviewed and in a small section, questioned by the formula of the uncertain society, 165 faculty members and policy makers of the country were questioned. The results show that the theoretical framework of this research suggests that the experts and experts of rural cooperative policy of the country have great potential and potential for explaining successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in line with resilient economy. For them, "successful implementation of rural cooperatives policy in The platform for forecasting implementation tools and culture by engaging public stakeholders and executives, while sharing them in a comprehensive partnership with strategies such as economic optimization and the development of converging rural resources, is to develop rural cooperatives based on indigenous capacity and self-sufficiency. And the level of determining the successful implementation of rural cooperative policies in line with the resistance economy depends on factors such as; instrumental forecasting in implementation, culture, native capability, active participation, justification of public interest, self-reliance, positive feedback, alignment of public and individual interests, rural development and self-sufficiency. Manuscript profile

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513 - The study of Social, Political, and Cultural Solidarity, Emphasizing on Resistance Literature during the Time of Shah Ismaeel Safavi
afshin shekarchi fatemeh sheikhloovand Khodabakhsh Asadollahi زیبا قاسم زاده ابلی

10.30495/jscc.2021.690326

The aim of this study was to investigate the coherence of social, political and cultural situations with emphasis on the resistance literature of the time of Shah Ismail Safavid. The research method is descriptive and analytical based on library resources. According to More

The aim of this study was to investigate the coherence of social, political and cultural situations with emphasis on the resistance literature of the time of Shah Ismail Safavid. The research method is descriptive and analytical based on library resources. According to the results and sociological study of literature (prose and poetry) of the era of Shah Ismail Safavid, the existence of a high level of content of the era includes social, political, and cultural changes in literary formats and literary productions. The research findings indicate that the language of most poets of this era was in line with religious identity and preservation of national unity, which depicted the social situation. Therefore, the Safavid period is a strong point in the history of our country, because when the Safavid government was established and when it was established, it started a profound change in Iran, and although this change was done with traditional tools, it caused all-round prosperity in Iran. Manuscript profile

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514 - Impact of applying technology of digital currency on searching and bargaining costs towards resistance economy
maryam Farzanehrafat amir gholami Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Ahmadi

Block chain technology as a promising innovation in the cyber space brings new opportunities. It serves not only the computer world but also other areas like the economy. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using block chain as the backend technology More

Block chain technology as a promising innovation in the cyber space brings new opportunities. It serves not only the computer world but also other areas like the economy. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using block chain as the backend technology for digital currency on reducing costs in economic transactions, which has done in the period of 2019-2021. The hypothesis of the research claims that block chain enables us to reduce searching and bargaining costs towards resistance economy. This research benefits from a pluralistic method to study the impact of applying block chain technology in the field of economy. In doing so, three different methods were used in order to investigate the research hypothesis including theoretical analysis, interview with 20 experts and statistical inference. the findings indicated that applying block chain technology results in reduction of searching and bargaining costs. block chain immutability and decentralizing characteristic reduce searching and bargaining costs more than other features and the existence of distributed ledger has impact on decreasing both searching and bargaining costs. Moreover, block chain can be aligned towards the goals of the resistance economy by bringing new technology into the economy and reducing the costs. Manuscript profile

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515 - Evaluating The Impact Of Oil dependence and Innovation On The Economic Resilience Using System Dynamics Approach
Farshad Momeni Momeni Hossein Mirzaei Azandaryani mehdi biglari kami

Resilience of economy against internal and external shocks is an important concept that has been of interest to economists in the last decade. In this paper, we propose a model based on Schumpeter economic theory using system dynamics analysis approach and also discuss More

Resilience of economy against internal and external shocks is an important concept that has been of interest to economists in the last decade. In this paper, we propose a model based on Schumpeter economic theory using system dynamics analysis approach and also discuss on resilience and vulnerability of economy. Based on the proposed model, vulnerability of Iran’s economy and 5 other countries (i.e. Sweden, USA, Japan, South Korea and Indonesia) is forecasted for next 50 years. Major contributions of this paper can be explained in two aspects: first, the concept of economic resilience, that mostly expressed qualitatively, is explained quantitatively. Second, the concept of economic resilience and system dynamics are combined and the capability of studying different scenarios is provided. Five different scenarios are proposed in this paper and it is found that if the current level of innovation is double increased and decrease 50 percent Oil dependence, the vulnerability risk in Iran’s economy will decrease by 70 percent. Manuscript profile

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516 - Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices and Byplot Method in Bitter Vetch Ecotypes
Seyyed Rasoul Sahhafi Mohadeseh Ghanipour Govarki

In order to determine the most desirable index of drought tolerance in bitter vetch ecotypes, two separate experiments (non-stress and stress) were conducted in field condition during 2018 using randomized complete block design with four replications. Quantitative droug More

In order to determine the most desirable index of drought tolerance in bitter vetch ecotypes, two separate experiments (non-stress and stress) were conducted in field condition during 2018 using randomized complete block design with four replications. Quantitative drought resistance and susceptibility indices including Stress susceptibility index (SSI), Stress tolerance (TOL), Mean productivity (MP), Geometric mean productivity (GMP), Harmonic mean (HM) and Stress tolerance index (STI) based on grain yield in stress and non stress conditions, were calculated for each ecotypes. Combined analysis of variance over two conditions showed there were significant differences (p < 0.01) among ecotypes for grain yield in stress and non stress conditions. Also, there were significant differences (p < 0.01) between ecotypes for all drought tolerance and resistance indices. MP, GMP, HM and STI were highly correlated (p < 0.01) with grain yield under both stress and non stress conditions. Therefore, they were recommended as the best indices to identify high yielding ecotypes for stress and non stress conditions. Based on these indices two ecotypes Saghazchi and Bayghot were identified as the highest yielding ecotypes under both stress and non stress conditions. Results of three dimensional and byplot graphs recognized the same ecotypes as highest yielding in both conditions, similarly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

517 - Determining the best indices of drought tolerance in chickpea genotypes
M. Roozrokh S.H. Sabaghpour M. Armin

In order to determine the best identifying indices of drought tolerance on 20 lines of chickpea, two separate experiments were conducted in two regions of research field in Dryland agriculture institute(Sararod) and Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch Research St More

In order to determine the best identifying indices of drought tolerance on 20 lines of chickpea, two separate experiments were conducted in two regions of research field in Dryland agriculture institute(Sararod) and Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch Research Station in 2007 and 2008 growing season. The 20 new released genotypes were tested using a randomized complete block design under two irrigated (non stress) and rainfed (stress) conditions. Quantitive drought tolerance and susceptibility indices such as Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Tolerance Index (TOL), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Yield Stability Index(YSI),  Mean Productivity (MP), Harmonic Mean (HM) and  Superiority Measure (Pi) based on yield in stress and non stress conditions were calculated.  Results showed that MP, MH, GMP, STI, are the most suitable criteria for screening drought resistant genotypes. Cluster analysis of genotypes based on the above characteristics, indicates that they are classified into three major groups, three genotypes 7, 8 and 11 (Azad, ILC.482 and ILC.1799) located in the same group which presented Drought-resistant genotypes. a� agHw��='font-family:"B Lotus";color:red'>  شاخص میانگین هندسی بهره‌وری(GMP)، شاخص پایداری عملکرد (YSI)، شاخص بهره‌وری متوسط(MP)، شاخص میانگین هارمونیک (MH) و  شاخص معیار برتریت(Pi) بر اساس عملکرد  گیاه در شرایط تنش آبی و  شرایط بدون تنش محاسبه شد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد در بین شاخص‌های مقاومت به خشکی، شاخص‌های MP, MH, GMP, STI به عنوان بهترین شاخص‌ها در گزینش ژنوتیپهای مقاوم به خشکی معرفی شدند. تجزیه خوشه ای ژنوتیپهای مورد مطالعه بر اساس صفات یاد شده، نشان دهنده طبقه بندی آن‌ها به سه گروه عمده است که سه ژنوتیپ شماره 7، 8 و 11(آزاد،ILC.482 وILC.1799) در یک گروه جای گرفته و معرف ژنوتیپ های مقاوم به خشکی بودند.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

518 - تاثیر سطوح مختلف بتائین جیره بر مقاومت بچه ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss) در برابر استرس های محیطی
محمد نیرومند میرمسعود سجادی مازیار یحیوی محمد اسدی

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

519 - ارزیابی مقاومت چند رقم گوجه فرنگی نسبت به سفید بالک پنبه(Hem.: Aleyrodidae) Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)
معصومه ثمره فکری

سفیدبالک پنبه یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات محصولات زراعی و گلخانه‌ای است، در این پژوهش ترجیح تخمگذاری غیر آزاد، طول دوره رشد پیش از بلوغ و درصد تلفات مراحل پیش از بلوغ این آفت روی ارقام گوجه فرنگی درشرایط گلخانه بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد از لحاظ میزان تخمگذاری اختلاف معنی دار More

سفیدبالک پنبه یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات محصولات زراعی و گلخانه‌ای است، در این پژوهش ترجیح تخمگذاری غیر آزاد، طول دوره رشد پیش از بلوغ و درصد تلفات مراحل پیش از بلوغ این آفت روی ارقام گوجه فرنگی درشرایط گلخانه بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد از لحاظ میزان تخمگذاری اختلاف معنی داری در سطح پنج درصد وجود دارد . کمترین و بیشترین تعداد تخم در واحد سطح برگ به ترتیب در رقم Early urbana II و Ergon مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر رقم میزبان روی طول دوره رشد و مرگ و میر دوره جنینی و شفیرگی معنی دار نیست، اما روی طول دوره رشد و مرگ و میر پورگی و پیش از بلوغ (تخم تا حشره کامل) معنی دار است، بیشترین طول دوره رشد پور گی و پیش از بلوغ(تخم تا حشره کامل )روی رقم Early urbana II و کمترین مقدار پارامترهای فوق روی رقم Ergon ثبت شد. بیشترین تلفات مرحله پورگی و پیش از بلوغ (تخم تا حشره کامل) روی رقم Early urbana II و کمترین مقدار این پارامترها روی رقم Ergon مشاهده شد. بنابراین رقم Early urbana II نسبت به بقیه ارقام برای سفید بالک پنبه نامطلوب تر است و ترجیح کاشت آن در راهبرد مدیریت آفات برای کاهش خسارت سفیدبالک پنبه در خور نگرش است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

520 - بررسی مشکلات و راهکارهای مدیریت کاربرد سموم کشاورزی جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار
نجمه عظیمی زاده عباس پرور

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10461049

در سال های اخیر با توجه به افزایش جمعیت جهان و نیاز به تولید غذای بیشتر، رشد چشمگیری در مصرف آفتکش های شیمیایی در کشورهای توسعه یافته و به ویژه درحال توسعه دیده شده است. گرچه سموم شیمیایی از اجزاء ضروری کشاورزی مدرن است، اما یکی از منابع مهم آلودگی زیست محیطی نیز محسوب More

در سال های اخیر با توجه به افزایش جمعیت جهان و نیاز به تولید غذای بیشتر، رشد چشمگیری در مصرف آفتکش های شیمیایی در کشورهای توسعه یافته و به ویژه درحال توسعه دیده شده است. گرچه سموم شیمیایی از اجزاء ضروری کشاورزی مدرن است، اما یکی از منابع مهم آلودگی زیست محیطی نیز محسوب می شوند. مقاوم شدن گونه های آفات و بیماری ها و علف های هرز به سموم شیمیایی، مسمومیت ها، تخریب و فرسایش شدید خاک، آلودگی های آب ها، تاثیر سوء بر موجودات غیر هدف، تهدید سلامت انسان و تخریب محیط زیست از مهم ترین آثار این مواد شیمیایی هستند. در این راستا، مدیریت تلفیقی آفات (IPM) به عنوان یکی از فناوری های حفاظت کننده در کشاورزی پایدار معرفی می شود، این به معنی استفاده صحیح، منطقی و اصولی از آفتکش ها به عنوان ابزاری قدرتمند در کنار سایر روش هاست. بنابراین، باید به حداقل رساندن مصرف سموم شیمیایی، کاهش دوز مصرف سموم و مصرف به موقع آن ها، استفاده از آفت کش های انتخابی، غیرشیمیایی و سازگار با محیط زیست و در نهایت معرفی و بکارگیری شیوه های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات در دستور کار قرار گیرد که این روشی جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار در کشاورزی است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

521 - ارزیابی مقاومت چند رقم گوجه فرنگی نسبت به سفید بالک پنبه(Hem.: Aleyrodidae) Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)
معصومه ثمره فکری

سفیدبالک پنبه یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات محصولات زراعی و گلخانه‌ای است، در این پژوهش ترجیح تخمگذاری غیر آزاد، طول دوره رشد پیش از بلوغ و درصد تلفات مراحل پیش از بلوغ این آفت روی ارقام گوجه فرنگی درشرایط گلخانه بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد از لحاظ میزان تخمگذاری اختلاف معنی داری د More

سفیدبالک پنبه یکی از مهم‌ترین آفات محصولات زراعی و گلخانه‌ای است، در این پژوهش ترجیح تخمگذاری غیر آزاد، طول دوره رشد پیش از بلوغ و درصد تلفات مراحل پیش از بلوغ این آفت روی ارقام گوجه فرنگی درشرایط گلخانه بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد از لحاظ میزان تخمگذاری اختلاف معنی داری در سطح پنج درصد وجود دارد . کمترین و بیشترین تعداد تخم در واحد سطح برگ به ترتیب در رقم Early urbana II و Ergon مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر رقم میزبان روی طول دوره رشد و مرگ و میر دوره جنینی و شفیرگی معنی دار نیست، اما روی طول دوره رشد و مرگ و میر پورگی و پیش از بلوغ (تخم تا حشره کامل) معنی دار است، بیشترین طول دوره رشد پور گی و پیش از بلوغ(تخم تا حشره کامل )روی رقم Early urbana II و کمترین مقدار پارامترهای فوق روی رقم Ergon ثبت شد. بیشترین تلفات مرحله پورگی و پیش از بلوغ (تخم تا حشره کامل) روی رقم Early urbana II و کمترین مقدار این پارامترها روی رقم Ergon مشاهده شد. بنابراین رقم Early urbana II نسبت به بقیه ارقام برای سفید بالک پنبه نامطلوب تر است و ترجیح کاشت آن در راهبرد مدیریت آفات برای کاهش خسارت سفیدبالک پنبه در خور نگرش است. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

522 - Energy sector strategies based on resistance economic approach
Hossein Mohseni

Management of empowerment and proper implementation of the resistance economic paradigms in energy sector can improve country's authority. In the current situation presenting a comprehensively and integrated economic strategies in the energy sector that includes paradig More

Management of empowerment and proper implementation of the resistance economic paradigms in energy sector can improve country's authority. In the current situation presenting a comprehensively and integrated economic strategies in the energy sector that includes paradigms of resistance economy are a key priority for achieving the goals of contry’s vision document. This paper aims to develop a set of resistance economic strategies in the qualitative scientific approach for energy sector based on the commands of the Supreme Leader Khamanei. The paper used documentary research in order to extraction of concept statements and then it employs grounded theory for content analysis and coding the most important paradigms. The results explain a conceptual network should be outline considered as strategies for economic planning in the energy sector that they are most important from the perspective of experts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

523 - The Impact of Government Size on the Resistance Economics Index of Iran: Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Approach
Ali Shahinpour Hassan Abbasi

Due to the impact of the global space, as well as its abilities in various scientific, commercial, political and energy fields, the Iranian economy has always been in a state of intolerance in international relations; it seems that the proposed economic rehabilitation p More

Due to the impact of the global space, as well as its abilities in various scientific, commercial, political and energy fields, the Iranian economy has always been in a state of intolerance in international relations; it seems that the proposed economic rehabilitation plan is more than an existential necessity and is a defensive and sophisticated tool of the Iranian economy that can take an active approach to economic crises and to overcome obstacles in this situation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of government size on the resilience index of Iranian economy and it is very important. In this study, Vector Autoregressive Method was used to estimate model and Johnson-Juselius co-integration method was used to investigate long-term relationship between variables. Findings show, the size of government affects Iran’s economic growth positively. The Schwartz-Bayesian criterion was used to determine the optimal length of interruption, and the optimal interruption interval was estimated one. According to Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Trace), there are four convergence vectors between model variables and the Maximum Eigenvalue test confirms the existence of two convergence vectors between model variables. A shock in government size has boosted the resistance index of the Iranian economy. This increase has been fluctuating by the 10th year, after which it has been steadily increasing, and has continued until the 30th. Manuscript profile

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524 - بررسی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی و شناسایی مولکولی جدایه های اشریشیا کلیاز موارد کلی باسیلوز طیور در شهر تبریز در سال 1399
سامان مهدوی

10.30495/jbcvm.2022.1941910.1019

تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی و شناسایی مولکولی جدایههای اشریشیا کلی از موارد کلیباسیلوز طیور در شهر تبریز در سال 1399 انجام گرفت. 46 نمونه اشریشیا کلی از موارد کلیباسیلوز 10 مرغداری شهر تبریز که با روشهای میکروبشناسی و بیوشیمی More

تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی و شناسایی مولکولی جدایههای اشریشیا کلی از موارد کلیباسیلوز طیور در شهر تبریز در سال 1399 انجام گرفت. 46 نمونه اشریشیا کلی از موارد کلیباسیلوز 10 مرغداری شهر تبریز که با روشهای میکروبشناسی و بیوشیمیایی جداسازی و تشخیص داده شده بودند، جهت شناسایی مولکولی با پرایمرهای ژن 16s rRNA، PCR شدند. جهت تعیین الگوی مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی جدایهها، از آنتیبیوتیکهای رایج موجود در بازار به روش کربی بائر استفاده شد. از 46 نمونه اشریشیا کلی مورد آزمایش، 40 جدایه (9/86%) به عنوان باکتری اشریشیا کلی مورد تایید قرار گرفت. تمام جدایههای مورد آزمایش (100%)، در برابر آنتیبیوتیک آمپیسیلین از خود مقاومت نشان دادند. اکثر جدایههای اشریشیا کلی در برابر سفتریاکسون (75%)، نئومایسین (70%) و نیتروفورانتوئین (70%) از خود مقاومت نشان دادند. 12 جدایه اشریشیا کلی (30%)، در برابر تمام آنتیبیوتیکهای مورد آزمایش مقاوم بودند. میتوان نتیجهگیری نمود که مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی جدایههای اشریشیا کلی نسبت به داروهای ضد میکروب متداول مورد مصرف در صنعت پرورش طیور بالا میباشد که اجرای طرح پایش ملی برای مقاومت ضد میکروبی و مصرف اصولی آنتیبیوتیک ها ضروری به نظر میرسد.    Manuscript profile

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525 - بررسی شیوع و الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر جدا شده از شیر خام گاو در ارومیه، ایران
مریم مصطفوی مسلم نیریز نقدهی

10.30495/jbcvm.2023.1979879.1039

گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر شایع‌ترین عامل اسهال باکتریایی در انسان می‌باشند. در تحقیق حاضر شیوع و مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر جدا شده از شیر خام شهرستان ارومیه بررسی‌شدند. 80 نمونه شیر‌ خام گاو به‌صورت تصادفی و با شرایط سترون از خرده فروشی‌های لبنیات سنتی مناطق م More

گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر شایع‌ترین عامل اسهال باکتریایی در انسان می‌باشند. در تحقیق حاضر شیوع و مقاومت آنتی‌بیوتیکی گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر جدا شده از شیر خام شهرستان ارومیه بررسی‌شدند. 80 نمونه شیر‌ خام گاو به‌صورت تصادفی و با شرایط سترون از خرده فروشی‌های لبنیات سنتی مناطق مختلف ارومیه در سال 1397 جمع‌آوری شدند. نمونه‌ها، ابتدا در آبگوشت پرستون تکمیل‌شده، غنی‌سازی و سپس در آگار تکمیل شده کمپیلوباکتر کشت و در دمای 42 درجه‌سلسیوس به‌مدت 48 ساعت در شرایط میکروآیروفیل گرمخانه‌گذاری شدند. آزمایش‌های بیوشیمیایی از‌جمله هیدرولیز هیپورات و حساسیت یا مقاومت به نالیدیکسیک اسید برای شناسایی گونه‌ی جدایه‌ها انجام ‌شدند. آزمایش حساسیت آنتی‌بیوتیکی روی جدایه‌ها به‌روش انتشار دیسک کربی-بائر انجام ‌شد. 13 نمونه (25/16 درصد) آلوده به گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر بودند.‌ شیوع جدایه‌های  کمپیلوباکتر ‌ججونای (75/13 درصد) بالاتر از کمپیلوباکتر‌ کولای (5/2 درصد) بود. جدایه‌های کمپیلوباکتر مقاومت بالا در برابر تتراسایکلین (100 درصد)، کوتریموکسازول (84 درصد)، آمپی‌سیلین، سفتریاکسون و کلرامفنیکل (2/69 درصد) نشان دادند در‌حالی‌که آنها مقاومت متوسط به سیپروفلوکساسین و نیتروفورانتوئین (2/46 درصد) و مقاومت پایین به جنتامایسین (8/30 درصد) نشان دادند. هم‌چنین 9 جدایه (2/69 درصد) مقاومت چند دارویی (MDR) نشان ‌دادند. می‌توان نتیجه‌گیری نمود که شیوع گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر و سویه‌های MDR آنها در شیر خام گاو توزیعی ارومیه بالا می‌باشد. ارتقا سلامت دام و بهداشت شیر، جلوگیری از مصرف بیش از حد آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها در مزارع گاوان شیری و پاستوریزاسیون شیر پیشنهاد می‌گردد.کلمات کلیدی: شیرخام، گونه‌های کمپیلوباکتر، الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی، ارومیه، ایران Manuscript profile

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526 - Comparison of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes based on drought tolerance indices
F. Babaei A. Maleki H. Chaharsoughi Amin H. Moradkhani J. Ahmadi

In order to study yield variation of the most tolerate genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) against drought stress an experiment was conducted using RCB design with three replications. That was done on rain fed and irrigated land in agricultural research field o More

In order to study yield variation of the most tolerate genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) against drought stress an experiment was conducted using RCB design with three replications. That was done on rain fed and irrigated land in agricultural research field of Salehabad in Ilam province (2005-2006). The most common genotypes consist of five varieties; Chamran, Atrak, Zagros, Koohdasht and Chenab were studied.  Considering yield in the stress and non–stress conditions drought tolerance indices including MP (mean of productivity), SSI (stress susceptibility Index), TOL (tolerance), GMP (geometric mean of productivity) and STI (stress tolerance index) were calculated. High significant positively correlated indices were determined as selection factors of high yield potential and resistant varieties. According to drought tolerance indices Zagross and Chamran variety were found as the most tolerate and Atrak and Chanab were the most susceptible varieties examined. Manuscript profile

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527 - Assessment tolerance root and shoot protein and prolin, under application the lead, in two varieties of Canola (Brassica napus L.)
M. Gohari M. Khayat

      Defense mechanism for review of rapeseed in different concentrations of lead versus lead (0, 100, 200 and 400 mol) of cellular factors such as protein and proline in roots and shoots of canola were measured. The project laboratory and in h More

      Defense mechanism for review of rapeseed in different concentrations of lead versus lead (0, 100, 200 and 400 mol) of cellular factors such as protein and proline in roots and shoots of canola were measured. The project laboratory and in hydroponic culture method was performed using Hoagland. Root length by ruler and protein and proline content in root and shoot spectrophotometer apparatus (uv) Hitachi Model 200 was measured. The results of this study, lead concentrations in the nutrient solution decreased both root length of canola varieties and according to the mean value of root length lead in the cultivar R.G.S.003 was higher tolerance to Hybrid Hyola 401. With increasing lead concentration in nutrient solution root protein and proline in two cultivars to control and the amount of protein increased with increasing lead concentration in nutrient solution decreased shoot in hybrid Hyola 401.but R.G.S.003 increases. Samples analysis by software Spss and charting using 2003 Excel software was done. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

528 - Comparison of drought tolerance index on morphological and agronomical traits in black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
M. Safapour Sh. Khaghani M. Teymoori

      In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress (limited irrigation) on different traits of bean. Ten bean genotypes were planted in a randomized block design with three replications under non-stress and drought stress conditions i More

      In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress (limited irrigation) on different traits of bean. Ten bean genotypes were planted in a randomized block design with three replications under non-stress and drought stress conditions in the Islamic Azad University Arak. The results of stepwise regression are shown that day`s number till the leaves appearance, day`s number till the third leaflet appearance, number of pod per plant, number of seed per plant, 100 weight-seed, stem diameter, plant height, number of nod on main branch, plant fresh weight under non-stress condition and day`s number till the leaves appearance, day`s number till the third leaflet appearance, day`s number till the anthesis, , number of seed per plant, 100 weight-seed, length of Tap root, plant height, length of internod, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight had the most effect on the yield. Factor analysis showed in the normal condition six factors were identified that over 80% of the performance changes are justified and in the stress conditions there are seven factors were identified that over 84% of the performance changes are justified. Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Tolerance Index (STI) and Mean Productivity (MP) were the most suitable indicators for selecting drought resistant genotypes. Based on these indicators KS 41225, KS41147 and KS 41231 in White beans, were found as resistant genotypes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

529 - Statistical study of limited irrigation effects on morphological and agronomical traits in white Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
M. Safapour S. Khaghani M. Amirabadi M. Teymouri M. Bezian

In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress (limited irrigation) on different traits of bean. Ten bean genotypes were planted in a randomized block design with three replications under non-stress and drought stress conditions (22 traits were measurement) in More

In order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress (limited irrigation) on different traits of bean. Ten bean genotypes were planted in a randomized block design with three replications under non-stress and drought stress conditions (22 traits were measurement) in the Islamic Azad University of Arak. The results of stepwise regression are shown that the length of the longest pod, number of days to filling pod, number of days to Maturity, 100 weight seed and length of tap root under non-stress condition and number of seed on per plant, 100-seed weight and length of tap root under the stress condition had the most effect on the yield in white bean. Factor analysis showed in the normal condition six factors were identified that over 80% of the performance changes are justified and in the Stress conditions there are seven factors were identified that over 84% of the performance changes are justified. Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Tolerance Index (STI) and Mean Productivity (MP) were the most suitable indicators for selecting drought resistant genotypes. Based on these indicators KS 41225، KS41147 و KS 41231 in White beans, were found as resistant genotypes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

530 - Effect of Heat Treatment and B4C Carbide Distribution on Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Ni-P/Ni-B-B4C Double Layer Coating
محسن رضاقلی زاده اعظم حیذری احمد ساعتچی

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

531 - Investigation on effect of Hafnium addition on electrical and isothermal oxidation resistance of Ni-super alloy using for metallic interconnect of SOFC
dannial azimi- yancheshmeh Mohammad Esmailian Kourosh Shirvani

Ni-Cr-Al-Hf alloys containing 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt.% Hf were produced and their isothermal oxidation behavior and electrical resistance has been investigated in air for 75 h at the temperature of 1000 °C. Microstructures of the oxidized samples were examined using More

Ni-Cr-Al-Hf alloys containing 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt.% Hf were produced and their isothermal oxidation behavior and electrical resistance has been investigated in air for 75 h at the temperature of 1000 °C. Microstructures of the oxidized samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical resistance was measured. The samples showed different microstructures, and oxidation behavior depending on their chemical composition. The results indicated that the sample containing 0.4 wt.% Hf had the lowest weight gain, while the weight gain of the sample without Hf was the highest. An external scale of spinel overlying a region of internal oxides precipitates formed on Ni-12Cr-4.5Al. Conversely, an external Al2O3 formed on the samples containing Hf additions. In absence of Hf, Cr2O3 was the major scale that formed on surface. The improvement in the oxidation resistance is believed to be due to the transition between the internal and external oxidation of aluminum, adherent and protective Al2O3 oxide layer on the surface of the Ni-12Cr-4.5Al-0.4Hf alloy. It was found that the scale adhesion can be affected by mechanical keying at the alloy/scale interface resulting from the pegs’ formation during oxidation. Higher electrical resistance of Alloy without Hf is due to higher thickness of oxide scale formation on surface and sample with 0.4 wt.% Hf showed lowest electrical resistance due to thinner scale of Al2O3. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

532 - Wear characterization of different hydroxyapatite based coatings on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy by electrophoretic deposition
علیرضا عراقی محمد جعفر هادیانفرد

In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HA) Single layer TiO2 single layer, HA-TiO2 double layer and functionally graded HA/TiO2 coatings were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate by electrophoretic deposition technique (EPD). Impact resistance of coatings were More

In the present study, hydroxyapatite (HA) Single layer TiO2 single layer, HA-TiO2 double layer and functionally graded HA/TiO2 coatings were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate by electrophoretic deposition technique (EPD). Impact resistance of coatings were measured by ball drop impact test and the results showed that the HA/TiO2 functionally graded coating has more impact resistance compare to HA single layer and HA-TiO2 double layer coatings. The wear resistance of coatings were investigated by pin on disc method. The normal load and sliding distance were 0.5 N and 50 m respectively and the worn surface was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed by ImageJ software. The results showed that the HA/TiO2 functionally graded coating has more wear resistance compare to HA single layer. Additionally, investigation of worn surface of coatings showed that all of the coatings have abrasive mechanism but wear mechanism for functionally graded coating, changed and delamination was added to abrasive mechanism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

533 - Experimental Study an improvement of Parameters Affecting Resistance Spot Welding Strength in Halogen lamps by Taguchi Statistical Method
Lotfali Mozafari Vanani Sadegh Rahmati

The Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) has lots of industrial application, especially for body construction and some parts like car lamps. The aim of this research was optimizing of the production line efficiency and improving the welding strength of the car lamps. Experimen More

The Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) has lots of industrial application, especially for body construction and some parts like car lamps. The aim of this research was optimizing of the production line efficiency and improving the welding strength of the car lamps. Experimental studies were conducted on the factors affecting the weld strength in a H4 halogen lamp (wing to body connection). The experiments design and results analysis were done by Taguchi method and Minitab software. Welding current, welding time and electrode material were studied as main factors (inputs) in the actual lamp samples. Experimental results and statistical analyzes indicated that the high dependence of welding strength on welding time is primarily and with a quantitative difference in the second order to the welding current. According to the results, it was found that with any kind of electrode material, if welding time and welding current increases to moderate, welding strength will be improved. But in high values of time and current, there is a negative effect on the welding strength. Although the welding electrode has the third highest rating on weld strength. But during the testing process and analyzing it was found that the efficiency of the lamp production line in the case of using tungsten electrodes in the significant amount of 29.17% compared to the electrodes of Copper is more. While the welding strength of the tungsten electrode is only 5.5% lower than the copper electrode. This strength is still within allowed and acceptable limits of the relevant standards. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

534 - Investigating the oxidation and electrical behavior of AISI 304 steel coated with cobalt for the application of solid oxide fuel cell
Mohammad Reza Ashorzadeh Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi Ebrahimifar

Oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of stainless steels used as interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells can be improved by using a conductive and protective coating layer. In this study, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was coated in a cobalt powder base More

Oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of stainless steels used as interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells can be improved by using a conductive and protective coating layer. In this study, AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel was coated in a cobalt powder base pack mixture. Isothermal oxidation test was used to investigate the oxidation resistance of coated and non-coated steel. Area specific resistance (ASR) was also measured as a function of oxidation time at 800 °C. Microstructure of coated and oxidized samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) device. The results showed that cobalt coated samples showed better oxidation resistance than non-coated samples. The results showed that increasing the temperature would increase the area specific resistance. The cobalt coating layer also converted to CoFe2O4, Co3O4 and CoCr2O4 spinels during the isothermal oxidation process. Cobalt spinels exhibited less ASR (27.4 mΩ cm2) compared to the uncoated sample (60.5 mΩ cm2). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

535 - Investigation of the welding pass numbers on structure, hardness and wear resistance of sheet welded by ESAB 85.65
abbas saadat mohammad khalili parvar mohammad Reza khanzadeh ghareshiran

در این پژوهش یک لایه مقاوم به سایش توسط الکترود ESAB 85.65 &rlm; برروی فولاد ساده کربنی ایجاد و اثر تعداد پاس بر ریزساختار، مقاومت سایشی و سختی بررسی گردید. آنالیز های SEM، XRD و سختی سنجی به منظور مشاهده ریزساختار، شناسایی نوع فازها، مورفولوژی رسوبات و سختی آن ها در من More

در این پژوهش یک لایه مقاوم به سایش توسط الکترود ESAB 85.65 &rlm; برروی فولاد ساده کربنی ایجاد و اثر تعداد پاس بر ریزساختار، مقاومت سایشی و سختی بررسی گردید. آنالیز های SEM، XRD و سختی سنجی به منظور مشاهده ریزساختار، شناسایی نوع فازها، مورفولوژی رسوبات و سختی آن ها در منطقه جوش استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که در ساختار نمونه&rlm;های سخت کاری شده، فازهای کاربیدهای کمپلکس Fe2W2C و M6C ، فازهای فریت و آستنیت مشاهده می&rlm;گردد. فاز کاربیدی Fe2W2C غنی از تنگستن و کربن بوده و به عنوان یک کاربید با سختی و مقاومت به سایش بالا شناخته می&rlm;شود. همچنین با افزایش تعداد پاس&rlm;های فرآیند، میزان سختی نمونه&rlm;های سخت کاری افزایش یافته است به طوریکه نمونه حاصله از فرآیند سه پاس با میانگین سختی HRC59 نسبت به نمونه تک پاسHRC) 54)، سختی بهتری دارد. نتایج آزمون سایش نشان می&rlm;دهد که کمترین کاهش وزن مربوط به نمونه&rlm; جوشکاری شده با سه پاس در دمای بالا می&rlm;باشد. همچنین مشاهده می&rlm;شود که با افزایش سختی، مقاومت به سایش نیز افزایش می&rlm;یابد. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

536 - Microstructure and Ablation Resistance of ZrC Coating Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and Solid Shielding/ Shrouded Plasma Spraying (SSPS) Methods on SiC-Coated Graphite
Akbar Eshaghi Zia Valefi Naser Ehsani

10.30495/apme.2021.1909416.2013

In this paper ZrC coating was prepared on SiC coated graphite as a substrate by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and solid shielding/ shrouded plasma spray (SSPS) methods. Microstructure observation and phase identification of the coatings were performed by scanning elect More

In this paper ZrC coating was prepared on SiC coated graphite as a substrate by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and solid shielding/ shrouded plasma spray (SSPS) methods. Microstructure observation and phase identification of the coatings were performed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The ablation behavior of the coating was evaluated under supersonic flame for 60s. The results showed that the ZrC coating enhance the ablation resistance of SiC coated graphite remarkably. The results of ablation test revealed that the linear and mass ablation rates of the ZrC coating applied by APS method were 3.7×10-3 mm.s-1 and 22×10-3 g.s-1, while those for SSPS coating were 2.2×10-3 mm.s-1 and 14×10-3 g.s-1, respectively. The excellent ablation resistance is attributed to the formation of continuous zirconia (ZrO2) layer on the surface during the oxidation of the ZrC coating. Moreover, the SPS-ZrC coated sample with lowest pores and cracks have better ablation resistance during the ablation test and can protected the graphite substrate against ablation sufficiently. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

537 - Influence of pH of Electroplating on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-P-Tio2 Composite Coating Fabricated on AISI 430 Steel
Mina Afzali Grouh Morteza Zandrahimi Hadi Ebrahimifar

One of the best ways to improve the abrasion resistance and toughness of stainless steels is to apply surface coatings. Among these coatings are nickel base alloy and composite coatings. In this research, nickel-phosphorus-titanium oxide coatings were developed using el More

One of the best ways to improve the abrasion resistance and toughness of stainless steels is to apply surface coatings. Among these coatings are nickel base alloy and composite coatings. In this research, nickel-phosphorus-titanium oxide coatings were developed using electrical plating technique and the effect of pH (3, 3.5 and 4) on microstructure and their wear and tear behavior were studied. In this research, nickel phosphorus-titanium oxide coating was deposited onto the AISI 430 steel using electrical plating technique and the effect of TiO2 particles concentration on microstructure and wear behavior was studied. X-ray analysis (XRD) was used to determine the available phases and calculate grain size. Characterization of the coating was performed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The michardness was measured by Vickers microhardness device. To test the abrasion resistance of the phosphorus-titanium oxide coated and uncoated samples, a pin on the disk test was used. The results of X-ray analysis showed that the increase of pH causes the increase of grain size. Also the results of microhardness and pin on disk tests showed the increase of pH causes decrease of microhardness and abrasion resistance. The highest hardness (618.18 Vickers) was related to the coating created at pH =3 and TiO2 =40 gr / L. The highest wear resistance and lowest weight loss (0.15 mg) were also observed in the same coating.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

538 - Finite element simulation of the effect of the second pulse current on temperature distribution and nugget size in resistance spot welding of TRIP1100 steel
Hamid Ashrafi Iman Hajiannia

In this study, simulation of the effect of the second pulse current on temperature distribution and nugget size of TRIP1100 steel during resistant spot welding was performed by finite element method. Then, the effect of the second pulse current on the weld nugget size, More

In this study, simulation of the effect of the second pulse current on temperature distribution and nugget size of TRIP1100 steel during resistant spot welding was performed by finite element method. Then, the effect of the second pulse current on the weld nugget size, weld nugget microstructure and mechanical properties of the resistant spot welds of the above-mentioned steel was experimentally investigated. Temperature distribution, weld nugget dimensions and heating and cooling cycles during resistant spot welding were predicted by simulation. Based on the simulated thermal cycles and continuous cooling transformation diagram of the TRIP1100 steel, a fully martensitic microstructure was predicted for the weld nugget in all currents. A good agreement was obtained between the simulated and experimental results. It was observed that the nugget diameter logarithmically increases with increasing the second pulse current. Furthermore, the microstructure of weld nugget in all samples was fully martensitic. Assessment of the mechanical properties of the welded samples by shear tension test demonstrated that the maximum load increases with increasing the weld nugget diameter. Nevertheless, the fracture energy decreased with increasing the nugget diameter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

539 - Effect of Graphene Oxide Addition on the Behavior of Tribological Properties of Coatings Prepared on Magnesium Alloy AZ31 by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Method
sadeq esmaili Tahmineh Ahmadi Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad Amirabbas Noorbakhsh

In this study, the effect of adding graphene oxide on the terbiological behavior of coatings created by the electrolytic plasma oxidation process under constant voltage conditions has been investigated. Bipolar waveform coating operation was performed on the surface of More

In this study, the effect of adding graphene oxide on the terbiological behavior of coatings created by the electrolytic plasma oxidation process under constant voltage conditions has been investigated. Bipolar waveform coating operation was performed on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy for 10 minutes. The results showed that the surface morphology of the coatings had micro-cavities known as pancake structure and volcanic crater on the surface, the diameter of which increased with the addition of graphene oxide. Fuzzy analysis of coatings showed that the coatings are composed of oxide phases of forsterite and periclase. The wear mechanism of the coated samples was scratched. Also, the wear resistance of the coating containing graphene oxide additive increased so that the average coefficient of friction for the mentioned samples decreased 10 times compared to the uncoated sample, which is due to the increase in hardness. The hardness of the sample containing graphene oxide has increased about 5 times compared to the magnesium alloy. Magnesium alloy with this coating is a good candidate for orthopedic applications. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

540 - Synthesis of self-healing composite coating due to development of corrosion-resistant of 2024 Al alloy
Amir Hosein Sheikhali Mohammad Amin Kashi saz

The aim of this research is to improve the corrosion resistance and create the active inhibitory in hybrid-silane coatings. Therefor the graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets and the methylene triphosphonic acid (ATMP) were used as a protective pigment and organic inhibitor c More

The aim of this research is to improve the corrosion resistance and create the active inhibitory in hybrid-silane coatings. Therefor the graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets and the methylene triphosphonic acid (ATMP) were used as a protective pigment and organic inhibitor carrier in the coating, respectively. The peaks appearing in 1059, 1380, 1730, and 3430 cm-1 belong to hydroxyl stretching, carbonyl, hydroxyl bending, and epoxide groups confirmed the successful synthesis of GO nanoparticles by infrared transfer spectroscopy (FTIR). The displacement of two peaks of 230 and 250 nm in GO to 261 and 360 nm in GO-ATMP represent the successful reduction of graphene oxide by ATMP molecules. Then, the corrosion resistance of GO-ATMP coating was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization tests. The results showed that the ATMP inhibitor improves the corrosion resistance properties of the coating, and the corrosion current density is reduced as 50%. After successfully inhibiting adsorption on GO plates, the coating (GO-ATMP) was applied on 2024 aluminum alloy sheets. The results of EIS and salt-spray tests showed that the corrosion resistance properties of GO-ATMP coatings improved due to restrict the access of corrosive environment to the metal surface. The intelligent releasing of the inhibitor during electrolyte penetration in scratched area of the coating was confirmed by the formation of a protective film in the scratch area in the electron microscope image of the sample. This caused to restrict the electrochemical reactions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

541 - بررسی رفتار ساختاری، مکانیکی و الکتریکی کامپوزیت لایه ای مس تولید شده به روش اتصال نورد تجمعی(ARB)
امیرحسین اسلامی سید مجتبی زبرجد محمد محسن مشکسار

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Open Access Article

542 - تاثیر بازدارنده ای بر پایه ایمیدازولین بر خوردگی فولاد API 5L Gr.B در آب دریای ساختگی
آرش فتاح الحسینی صادق مومنی

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Open Access Article

543 - اثر افزودنی نانو اسپینل آلومینا - منیزیا بر مقاومت به هیدراتاسیون جرمهای ریختنی بدون سیمان منیزیایی
مژده جلالی امیرعباس نوربخش احمد منشی

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544 - تأثیر سدیم دودسیل سولفات بر ریخت شناسی و مقاومت خوردگی پوشش تبدیلی نانوزیرکونیایی روی ورق فولاد گالوانیزه
علی پیامی گلهین رضا اسلامی فارسانی حمید خرسند

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Open Access Article

545 - Using of RSM to optimize the heat treatment of electroless Ni-P coating for simultaneously improvement in corrosion resistance and hardness
Jvad Golab Mostafa Alishahi

In the present study, Ni-P coatings were successfully deposited on mild steel surface via electroless plating. The optimization of heat treatment parameters (i.e., temperature and time) based on response surface methodology has been systematically studied in order to ob More

In the present study, Ni-P coatings were successfully deposited on mild steel surface via electroless plating. The optimization of heat treatment parameters (i.e., temperature and time) based on response surface methodology has been systematically studied in order to obtain the simultaneously improvement in corrosion resistance and hardness. X ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS analysis were used to characterize the coatings. The corrosion behavior of the coatings was evaluated using Tafel polarization method in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. It has been found that the as-plate coating has an amorphous structure and heat treatment caused to precipitate Ni3P phase as well as to form crystalline nickel phase. The corrosion resistance and hardness are strongly affected by heat treatment. By increasing the time and temperature corrosion resistance and hardness firstly increased and then decreased. The results showed that low corrosion rate less than 2 mpy and high hardness value more than 900 vickers were achieved by heat treatment at 450° C for 75 min. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

546 - The Effect of Aerobic-resistance Training on HIF1a Gene Expression in Coronary Artery Disease After CABG
Azar Hamidi Amir Rashidlamir Rambod Khajei Mehdi Zarei Ahmad Zendedel

Coronary heart disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of death in most countries, including Iran. Post-operative exercise coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and its adaptations, increase skeletal and cardiac capillary density associated to developing new More

Coronary heart disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of death in most countries, including Iran. Post-operative exercise coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and its adaptations, increase skeletal and cardiac capillary density associated to developing new capillaries called angiogenesis and improve cardiovascular function and functional ability. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cardiac rehabilitation on HIF1- α gene expression in post-CABG coronary patients. The sample contained 30 men aged 45-60 years who underwent bypass surgery. They were randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group performed aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week), and the control group did not. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before starting the first training session and 48 hours after the last training session, while all subjects were fasting. Independent and paired t-test and Shapirovilk test were used to analyze the data at a significant level of 0.05 in SPSS version 21. The results showed that the HIF-1α gene expression in the aerobic resistance group also increased in the control group which was statistically significant (p < /em> = 0.001) as well as before and after changes in the exercise group. The control group was significant (p < /em> = 0.001). Due to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that combined (aerobic-resistance) exercises may increase cardiovascular function by increasing HIF1α-1 gene expression and the growth of new capillaries called angiogenesis and by increasing circulation. It improves patients' quality of life after CABG. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

547 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Resistance Training on ABCG8 Gene Expression and Lipid Profile in CABG Patients
Farida Sadeghi Fazel Amir Rashidlamir Rambod Khajeie Akbar Safipour Afshar

Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in today's societies. It is associated to the exercise activity and the expression of some genes involved in the blood cholesterol transmission. Adenosine triphosphate-dependent box protein 8 is a member of AB More

Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in today's societies. It is associated to the exercise activity and the expression of some genes involved in the blood cholesterol transmission. Adenosine triphosphate-dependent box protein 8 is a member of ABC transporter family which plays a key role in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cholesterol. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training on ABCG8 gene expression and lipid profile in CABG patients. 30 men with CABG patients voluntarily selected and randomly divided into the experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group performed the aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group did not. Blood samples were taken 48 h before the first training session and 48 h after the last training session, while all subjects were fasting. Independent and paired t-test used to analyze the data at a significant level of 0.05. The present study's results showed that the aerobic resistance training group showed a significant increase in the ABCG8 mRNA expression and a significant decrease in LDL-C, triglyceride, and HDL-C as compared to the control group. Due to the findings of present study, it can be concluded that aerobic resistance training by increasing ABCG8 gene expression has a great effect on increasing the cholesterol transfer process; thus, it may improve the CABG patients and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

548 - The Effect of Short-term Spirulina Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Status in Obese Men Following Resistance Exercise
Amin Rashid Lamir Javad Norouzi Babak Hooshmand moghadam

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of spirulina supplementation on oxidative stress markers (TAC and MDA) in the obese men after a resistance exercise session. In this study, 20 obese men were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 10) and control (n More

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of spirulina supplementation on oxidative stress markers (TAC and MDA) in the obese men after a resistance exercise session. In this study, 20 obese men were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10). The experimental group received 2 spirulina tablets (500 mg) daily for two weeks, and the control group received the same amount of placebo. After two weeks of the supplementation, the individuals from both groups participated in a resistance exercise session. Blood samples were collected in three steps; before supplementation, before, and 24 hours after resistance exercise. Results showed that the TAC and MDA concentration of the biomarker in the experimental group were respectively increased and decreased significantly in the control group over time (p ≤ 0.05). This study showed that the supplementation with Spirulina could increase the plasma antioxidant capacity which reduced the lipid peroxidation in obese men after the resistance exercise. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

549 - The Effect of Combined Exercise and Broccoli Supplementation on FGF-21 and Insulin Resistance in Type-2 Diabetes Obese Men
Ebrahim Fallah Sanaz Mirzayan Shanjani Abdolali Banaifar Yaser Kazemzadeh Saeed Sedaghati

10.22034/ascij.2022.1938916.1294

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality in developing countries that can be improved by various factors such as physical activity and proper diet. The present study was aimed at examining the effect of broccoli powder supplementation with combined exercise tr More

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality in developing countries that can be improved by various factors such as physical activity and proper diet. The present study was aimed at examining the effect of broccoli powder supplementation with combined exercise training on FGF-21 and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes men. This experimental design was conducted with pre-test and post-test and four groups. To this end, 44 volunteer diabetic men after homogenization based on individual characteristics were randomly assigned to four groups of 11 individuals including exercise-supplement group, exercise-placebo group (exercise), control-supplement group (supplement), and control-placebo (controls). Combined exercise program included 12 weeks, three sessions per week. Moreover, broccoli supplement was 10 grams per day for 12 weeks. The blood sample was taken 48 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session and used for analysis. Analysis of intergroup indicators revealed a significant difference between the groups in FGF-21 (p = 0.017) and insulin resistance (p = 0.01). Significant changes in the measured indices were also observed in the intragroup changes (p < 0.05). The results of this study showed that 12 weeks of combined exercise with broccoli supplement significantly reduced FGF-21, blood glucose, and insulin resistance in all three groups of exercise- supplement, exercise, and supplement. Therefore, incorporating broccoli into the diet can partially prevent the risky effects of type 2 diabetes. Manuscript profile

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550 - The Effect of a Course of Aerobic-resistance Training and Ursolic Acid Consumption on Irisin Levels and Inflammatory Factors in Overweight Middle-aged Men
Amin Aahedi Anaraki Rambod Khajei Amir Rashid lamir Amene Barjasteh yazdi

10.22034/ascij.2021.684778

Gamma-factor progesterone proliferation activating receptors are a ligand-activated transcription factor playing an important role in lipid metabolism. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of eight weeks of aerobic-resistance training on the expression o More

Gamma-factor progesterone proliferation activating receptors are a ligand-activated transcription factor playing an important role in lipid metabolism. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of eight weeks of aerobic-resistance training on the expression of gamma progesterone proliferator-activating receptor gene in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. The research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test. The statistical population included all patients with coronary artery bypass grafting in Mashhad (Iran). Height 1.58 ± 0.03 (m), weight 68.11 ± 5.54 (kg), body mass index (BMI) 27.18 ± 2.47 (2 kg / m2) and disease history 75 8.75 ± 25/20 (month) were formed after coronary artery bypass surgery. According to the inclusion criteria, they were divided into experimental (14) and control (12) groups. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and paired t-test at the significance level of P≥0.05 and SPSS software version 21. The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic-resistance training increased the expression of PPARɣ gene in the combined training group compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Moreover, the results of the correlation test showed that the increase in PPAR gene expression in the combined training group had a significant increase in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P = 0.001), not significant in the control group (p = 0.081). The data of the present study showed that aerobic- resistance training with increasing PPARɣ gene expression could be effective in fat metabolism and related processes in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

551 - The Effect of 12 Weeks of Circuit Resistance Training with Three Different Intensities of Equal Volume on Some Hemodynamic Factors of Obese Men
Saber Niazi Hamid Rajabi Sadegh Amani

10.22034/ascij.2021.684769

Obesity is one of the causes of cardiovascular disease and exercise can play a role in modulating this risk. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of 12 weeks of circuit resistance training with three different intensities of equal volume on some h More

Obesity is one of the causes of cardiovascular disease and exercise can play a role in modulating this risk. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of 12 weeks of circuit resistance training with three different intensities of equal volume on some hemodynamic factors on obese men. Forty four obese men aged 23 to 33 years (BMI≥30, (WHtR)> 0.5) in four control groups: low-intensity circuit resistance training (40% Rm1), medium (60% Rm1) and high (Rm1) 80% (11 = number in each group) with equal volume. Before and after 12 weeks of resting heart rate training, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pressure product rate were measured. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to examine the intragroup changes using t-test and comparison of groups (P≤0.05). It seems that 12 weeks of circuit resistance training has a positive effect on lowering blood pressure and pressure product rate besides improving indicators related to heart function. High-intensity exercise is likely to have a greater effect on resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and double heart rate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

552 - The Effect of Aerobic-Resistance Training Course on Plasma Levels of Neuroglin 1 and Interleukin 6 in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Amin Zahedi Anaraki Rambad Khaja-ei Amir Rashidlmir Ameneh Barjasteh

10.22034/ascij.2022.1949886.1355

Coronary artery disease is currently one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. The present study aims at investigating the effect of eight weeks aerobic-resistance training on neuroglin-1 and interleukin-6 in patients with coronary artery bypass graft More

Coronary artery disease is currently one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. The present study aims at investigating the effect of eight weeks aerobic-resistance training on neuroglin-1 and interleukin-6 in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting. The research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test. The statistical population was all patients with coronary artery bypass grafting in Mashhad. Height 1.58 ± 0.03 (m), weight 68.11 ± 5.54 (kg), body mass index 27.18 ± 2.47 (2 kg / m2) and disease history 8.75 ± 25/20 (month) was formed after coronary artery bypass surgery. According to the inclusion criteria, they were divided into experimental (12) and control (12) groups. Data was analyzed using independent t-test and paired t-test at the significance level of P≥0.05 and SPSS software version 21. The results of the present study showed that eight weeks aerobic-resistance training increases neuroglin1 (P = 0.001) and insignificantly decreases interleukin 6 in the combination training group compared with the control group (P = 0.061). Statistical results of t-correlated t-test showed a significant increase in neuroglin1 (P = 0.001) and a non-significant decrease in interleukin 6 in the post-test combination test group compared with the pretest (P = 0.889). These changes were not significant in the control group (P = 0.331, P = 0.789. The data of the present study showed that aerobic-resistance training can improve the condition of patients with coronary artery bypass graft by increasing the studied factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

553 - The Effect of Intense Functional Interval Training with Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Consumption on Lipid Profile and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Women
Fatemeh Shabkhiz Maryam Dalirani Hamideh Tazeshi

10.22034/ascij.2022.1953200.1366

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intense functional interval training with the consumption of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in overweight women. In a field trial, 40 people were randomly divided into 5 More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intense functional interval training with the consumption of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in overweight women. In a field trial, 40 people were randomly divided into 5 groups including: 1- exercise, 2- sour tea and exercise, 3- sour tea, 4- exercise + placebo and 5- control. The training protocol in the training groups included 250 meters rowing with an ergometer, immediately swinging a 13 kg kettlebell and sitting and standing with 13 kg dumbbells. In the present study, dried sepal powder of sour tea plant was used as a supplement, and each tablespoon was equivalent to 3 grams. For data analysis, SPSS 21, Exell 2010 softwares and covariance and T-correlated statistical tests were used at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the intra-group changes of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and fat percentage after two weeks of training were significant in the training, training + supplement and training + placebo groups (p ≤ 0.05), but in the supplement group and the control group. The changes were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). Also, inter-group changes showed a significant difference between the control group and the training, supplement+training, supplement and training + placebo groups in triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and fat percentage (p ≤ 0.05). Despite this, the intergroup changes of insulin resistance were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). According to the results of the present study, overweight people are suggested to use various and effective exercises such as HIFT and sour tea supplements in order to lose weight and improve their metabolism profile and body composition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

554 - Effect of Six Weeks of Resistance Training on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Neuron Derived Neurotrophic Factor of Heart Tissue in Obese Male Rats
Neda Ghasemi Mania Roozbayani Hossein Shirvani

10.22034/ascij.2023.1979919.1468

The phenomenon of angiogenesis in pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and physiological conditions such as exercise have different effects on the body. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of six weeks of resistance training on Vascular endoth More

The phenomenon of angiogenesis in pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and physiological conditions such as exercise have different effects on the body. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of six weeks of resistance training on Vascular endothelial growth factor and Neuron Derived Neurotrophic Factor in obese male rats. In an experimental study, 20 male wistar rats aged five weeks and weight approximately 120 to 160 grams, were divided into two equal groups, control and experimental, based on weight homogenization. The experimental group performed a training protocol for six weeks, three sessions per week, and each session includes one set of 10 repetitions with a 90-second rest interval, including of climbing a resistance training ladder at a height of one meter and an incline of 85 degrees with a weight attached to the base of the tail (with Paying attention to the maximum weight carrying capacity of each rat. 48 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed and blood was taken from the heart. The values of VEGF and NDNF in the heart tissue were evaluated with ELISA method. In order to examine the changes of between groups, the independent t-test was used at a significance level of p<0.05. The results indicated that six weeks of resistance training led to a significant increase in VEGF values (p=0.0001) and a significant decrease in NDNF values (p=0.0001) in experimental group in comparison to the control group. Base on the findings of this study, it seems that resistance training can have positive effects on preventing the risk of cardiovascular diseases caused by obesity, by increasing some protective factors and reducing angiogenesis inhibitory factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

555 - The determination and comparing of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat with colibacillosis and apparently healthy flocks
Hanieh Shafiei Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Asiye Ahmadi-Dastgerdi

10.22034/ascij.2023.1985124.1488

In this study, for detecting of resistance genes to fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides, 50 bacterial strains were isolated from broiler chickens with pericarditis and perihepatitis and E. coli colonies were confirmed by microbial and biochemical tests. Then, the resistan More

In this study, for detecting of resistance genes to fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides, 50 bacterial strains were isolated from broiler chickens with pericarditis and perihepatitis and E. coli colonies were confirmed by microbial and biochemical tests. Then, the resistance of the strains to the commercial antibiotics (Enrofloxacin and sulfonamide + trimethoprim) was evaluated by the conventional antibiogram method. In addition, the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method and the qnrA and sul1 genes were amplified with specific primers to evaluate antibiotic resistance against fluoroquinolones and sulfonamides. After confirming the bacteria and performing an antibiogram, the strains isolated from chickens with a history of colibacillosis showed the lowest antibiotic resistance to gentamicin (7%) and the highest resistance to tetracycline (71%). In this study, 59.5% of these strains showed resistance to at least two antibiotics, and about 9.5% of the strains showed resistance to all 13 antibiotics used in the antibiogram test. Also, the electrophoresis of the PCR product of the strains isolated from chickens with a history of colibacillosis showed that 10 and 15 and one strain out of the 42 investigated strains were able to amplify fragments of 822, 670 and 286 base pairs, respectively, carrying the gene Sul1, qnrA and Act (3)-IV. In other words, 23.8% of strains contained Sul1 gene, 35.7% of strains contained qnrA gene and 2.4% of strains carried Act (3)-IV gene. Therefore, according to the growing trend of antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to prevent the disease from entering the farm by following the proper principles of nutrition and health. Also, by timely vaccination, it is possible to prevent poultry from contracting infectious diseases to a large extent, so that we can reduce the use of different antibiotics and move towards the production of antibiotic-free products. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

556 - The Effect of 12 Weeks of Continuous and Interval Training on some Adipokines, Hepatokines and Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Mohammad salmasi Mohammad reza zolfaghari Akbar Nouri Habashi

10.22034/ascij.2023.1979751.1466

Diabetes is considered as one of the most developed diseases in the world and one of the main causes of death. One of the ways to prevent diabetes and its complications is to exercise in different ways. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 12 weeks of cont More

Diabetes is considered as one of the most developed diseases in the world and one of the main causes of death. One of the ways to prevent diabetes and its complications is to exercise in different ways. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 12 weeks of continuous and interval training on fetuin b, fetuin a and glypican 4 plasma and insulin resistance in type 1 diabetic rats.For this purpose, 40 type 1 diabetic mice were divided into 4 groups: healthy control, diabetes control, continuous diabetes, and diabetes interval. The interval group performed six repetitions per session by running on the treadmill in 3-minute intervals at a speed of 20 meters per minute and active recovery at a speed of 10 meters per minute with a 0% incline for 3 minutes on the treadmill (total duration of 36 minutes). The continuous training group also ran at a speed of 15 meters per minute for 36 minutes with a slope of 0%. Rats were killed 48 hours after the last training session and blood sampling was done. To compare between groups, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used. Examining changes between groups showed that there is a significant difference between groups for insulin resistance, fetuin b, fetuin a and glypican 4 plasma (P<0.001). Examination of between groups changes showed that insulin resistance, fetuin b, fetuin a, and glypican 4 plasma had a significant decrease in the healthy group compared to the diabetic group (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the diabetes control group and the continues and interval groups in all indicators (P<0.001). The results of the present study showed that interval and continuous exercise can reduce plasma fetuin b, fetuin a and glypican 4 in type 1 diabetic rats. These improvements were better in the interval training group than in the continuous training group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

557 - Investigating the Interactive Effects of Berberine and Sitagliptin on Lipid Profile, Glucose and Insulin Levels in Diabetic Male Rats with Fatty Liver
Soraya Mehrdoost Parichehreh Yaghmaei Hanieh Jafary Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi

10.22034/ascij.2023.1984961.1486

Hepatic insulin resistance is associated with NAFLD and it is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance causes lipolysis in adipose tissue and disturbance in the regulation of lipid metabolism causes fat accumulatio More

Hepatic insulin resistance is associated with NAFLD and it is a major factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance causes lipolysis in adipose tissue and disturbance in the regulation of lipid metabolism causes fat accumulation in the liver. In this study, the biological activities of Berberine and Sitagliptin to improve insulin resistance and lipid profile in Sprague-Dawley rats with type 2 diabetes was investigated. groups include 1: control (physiological serum as an alloxan solvent); 2: model (fatty liver + Alloxan); 3: Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 10 mg/kg); 4: Berberine (fatty liver + Alloxan and Berberine 150mg/kg); 5: Berberine/Sitagliptin (fatty liver + Alloxan and Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and Berberine 75 mg/kg). At the end of the treatment period, under anesthesia, Blood sampling done from the heart and lipid profile, glucose and insulin measured. The amount of triglyceride (p < 0.01), cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL (p < 0.01), FFA (p < 0.05), fasting glucose (p < 0.05) and insulin (p < 0.01) in the coadministration group decreased compared to the model group and HDL increased, which was not significant. Berberine and Sitagliptin, especially when administered together, have a favorable effect on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance and can be considered as an effective treatment regimen for hyperlipidemia and fatty liver.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

558 - The Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training with Stevia Supplementation on Plasma Fetuin b, Pentraxin 3 and GDF-15 and Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Esmail Piri Akbar Nouri Habashi Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari

10.22034/ascij.2023.1979747.1464

Diabetes is one of the main causes of death in developing countries. One of the ways to prevent diabetes and its complications is to do physical activity and use antioxidant supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and stevia More

Diabetes is one of the main causes of death in developing countries. One of the ways to prevent diabetes and its complications is to do physical activity and use antioxidant supplements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and stevia on fetuin b, pentraxin 3 and GDF-15 in plasma and insulin resistance in type 1 diabetic rats. For this purpose, 25 type 1 diabetic mice were divided into 5 groups: healthy control, diabetes control, supplemental diabetes, training diabetes, and training-supplement diabetes. The training program of the rats was for a period of 65 days, with a speed of 20 to 30 m/min and an intensity of 10-25 m/min. Stevia dosage was 250 mg per kilogram of body weight by gavage. Mice were killed 48 hours after the last training session and blood sampling was done. To compare between groups, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used. Examining the changes between groups showed that there is a significant difference between the groups for fetoin b, pentraxin 3 and plasma GDF-15 (p < 0.001). Examining the changes between groups showed that fetoin B and GDF-15 had a significant increase and pentraxin had a significant decrease in the healthy group compared to the diabetic group (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the diabetes control group and the supplement and exercise groups in all indicators (p < 0.001. The results of the present study showed that aerobic exercise and stevia supplementation can decrease fetoin b and GDF-15 and increase pentraxin 3 in type 1 diabetic rats. These improvements were better in the group that took exercise and supplementation at the same time.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

559 - The Effect of 12 Weeks of Intermittent Resistance Training with Algomed Supplementation on Plasma Levels of Asprosin and Omentin-1 in Men with Obesity
Arezou Bajelani Hossein Abednatanzi Farshad Ghazalian

10.22034/ascij.2023.2002124.1564

Obesity is one of the main causes of death in developing countries, especially in Iran.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of interval resistance training with Algomed (Chlorella vulgaris) supplement on asprosin and omentin-1 in obese More

Obesity is one of the main causes of death in developing countries, especially in Iran.  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of interval resistance training with Algomed (Chlorella vulgaris) supplement on asprosin and omentin-1 in obese men. 44 obese men will be divided into four groups of 11 people: control, exercise, supplement and supplemental exercise. Subjects in the 12-week training group will perform three sessions of resistance training sessions a week. Also, the subjects of the supplement group of 1800 mg Algomed Algae in the form of 6 tablets (2 tablets one and a half hour before breakfast, 2 tablets one and a half hour before lunch, 2 tablets one and a half hour before dinner) (according to the instructions factory) consumed. Blood was drawn 48 hours before the start of the research and 48 hours after the last day of training, and the mentioned indicators were measured using an ELISA kit and device. The results of the present study showed that there is a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that training and supplement training caused an increase in omentin-1 and a decrease in asprosin compared to the control and supplement group (p < 0.05). The present results showed that interval resistance training alone and with algomed supplementation decreased the levels of asprosin and increased omentin-1 in obese men. Also, consumption of algomed along with interval resistance training compared to interval resistance training alone had a greater effect on the levels of the investigated variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

560 - Comparison of the Effect of Eight Weeks of Endurance Training at Morning and Evening on Asprosin, Leptin, Insulin Resistance and Appetite Index in Non-athlete Obese Men
bahman Zadeh-Hendijani sedigheh Hoseinpour Delavar mohammad karimi mehran ghahramani

10.22034/ascij.2023.1999845.1558

Satiety-hunger signals regulate rhythmic clocks in peripheral tissues through the availability of many macronutrients in the circulation. The aim of this research was to study the effect of eight weeks of endurance training in the morning and the evening on serum levels More

Satiety-hunger signals regulate rhythmic clocks in peripheral tissues through the availability of many macronutrients in the circulation. The aim of this research was to study the effect of eight weeks of endurance training in the morning and the evening on serum levels of asprosin, leptin, insulin, insulin resistance and appetite index in non-athlete obese men. In this semi-experimental study, 36 non-athletic obese young men with an average age of 25.4 ± 3.3 years, weight 98.3 ± 7.7 kg, and body mass index 31.8±1.2 kg/m2 were selected as subjects in a targeted and available manner. Subjects were randomly divided into three equal groups including; Control, morning training and evening training. The endurance training protocol was implemented for eight weeks, three sessions per week and with an intensity of 60 to 75% of the maximum heart rate. Before and after the training period, blood sampling was done at 10 hours of overnight fasting state. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and at a significance level of p < 0.05. Eight weeks of endurance training led to a significant decrease in asprosin (p = 0.0001), leptin (p = 0.02), insulin (p = 0.0001), glucose (p = 0.0001), insulin resistance (p = 0.0001) and appetite index (p = 0.001). Tukey’s post hoc test indicated that, compared to the control group, evening training has a greater and more significant effect on all the mentioned variables. It seems that endurance training in morning and evening can have positive effects on asprosin, leptin, insulin resistance and appetite index. However, training in the evening seems to have more positive effects on these factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

561 - The Response of Plasma Levels of some Myokines in Men with Obesity to 12 Weeks of Different Resistance Training
Kwestan Hajihasani Saman Pashaei Ayoub Saeidi

10.22034/ascij.2024.2004974.1579

Obesity and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various resistance training (traditional, circuit and Interval) on BDNF and SPARC in obese men.For this purpose, 44 obese male volunte More

Obesity and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various resistance training (traditional, circuit and Interval) on BDNF and SPARC in obese men.For this purpose, 44 obese male volunteers after homogenization were randomly divided into 4 groups based on individual characteristics: control (n = 11), traditional (n = 11), Circuit (n = 11) and Interval (n = 11). Subjects performed three sessions of resistance training each week for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken before first training session and 48 hours after the last training session and were used to analyze the factors. Examination of intergroup differences for BDNF and SPARC showed that there was a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001). The results of Bonferroni test for BDNF showed that there was a significant difference between control with interval (p < 0.001) and circuit (p < 0.001) and traditional (p = 0.012) groups. Also, the study of intragroup changes showed that BDNF values were significantly increased in the traditional training groups (p = 0.008), the circuit resistance training group (p < 0.001) and the interval training group (p < 0.001). The results of Bonferroni test for SPARC showed that there was a significant difference between control with interval (p < 0.001) and Circuit (p < 0.001) groups. Also, the study of intragroup changes showed that SPARC values were significantly reduced in the traditional training groups (p < 0.001), the interval training group (p < 0.001) and the circuit training group (p < 0.001). In the present study, it was shown that 12 weeks of traditional, circuit and interval resistance training, increased plasma BDNF levels and decreased SPARC plasma levels in obese men. It should be noted that the desired changes in circuit and interval resistance training protocols were better than the traditional type. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

562 - The Effect of 12 Weeks of Intermittent Resistance Training with Algomed Supplementation on Plasma Levels of FGF-21 Selenoprotein P in Men with Obesity
MOHAMMAD MAHDI Madani Hossein Abednatanzi Mandana gholami farshad Ghazalian

10.22034/ascij.2023.2002250.1563

Obesity is one of the main causes of death in developing countries, especially in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of interval resistance training with Algomed supplement on FGF-21 and Selenoprotein P in obese men. 44 obese men will More

Obesity is one of the main causes of death in developing countries, especially in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of interval resistance training with Algomed supplement on FGF-21 and Selenoprotein P in obese men. 44 obese men will be divided into four groups of 11 people: control, training, supplement and supplemental training. Subjects in the 12-week training group will perform three sessions of resistance training sessions a week. Also, the subjects of the supplement group of 1800 mg Algomed Algae in the form of 6 tablets (2 tablets one and a half hour before breakfast, 2 tablets one and a half hour before lunch, 2 tablets one and a half hour before dinner) (according to the instructions factory) consumed. Blood was drawn 48 hours before the start of the research and 48 hours after the last day of training, and the mentioned indicators were measured using an ELISA kit and device. The results of the present study showed that there is a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). Bonferroni's post hoc test showed that training, supplement and supplement training caused decrease in FGF-21 and Selenoprotein P compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The present results showed that interval resistance training alone and with algomed supplementation decreased the levels of FGF-21 and Selenoprotein P in obese men. Also, consumption of algomed along with interval resistance training compared to interval resistance training alone had a greater effect on the levels of the investigated variables. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

563 - The effect of resistance training on the expression of cell adhesion molecules and RAGE in left ventricular of diabetes rats induced by high-fat diet and STZ
Mohammad Reza Bagheri Afsariehee Abdolali Banaeifar Sajad Arshadi Shahram Sohaeily

10.22034/ascij.2023.2000361.1559

Introduction: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition that occurs in response to diabetes and leads to heart failure. The purpose of this study was to the effect of resistance training on ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and RAGE gene expression in left ventricula More

Introduction: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition that occurs in response to diabetes and leads to heart failure. The purpose of this study was to the effect of resistance training on ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and RAGE gene expression in left ventricular in obese rats with type 2 diabetes.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 14 male Wistar (220 ± 10 g) diabetic rats induced by high fat diet and STZ injection were randomly divided into resistance or control groups. The training protocol was performed for 6 weeks in 5 sessions per week in the form of 3 sets with 5 repetitions in each set. Rest intervals between sets and repetitions in each set were 90 and 30 seconds, respectively. All rats were dissected 48 h after the last training session. The independent t-test was used to compare variables at a significance level of alpha less than 5 percent.Results: Resistance training did not lead to a significant change in the expression of ICAM-1 (P = 0.237), VCAM-1 (P = 0.295) and RAGE (P = 0.561) compared to the control group. However, it led to a significant decrease in glucose and insulin resistance and a significant increase in serum insulin (P = 0.001).Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, resistance training in the absence of changes in the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and RAGE in left ventricular is associated with the improvement of glycemic profile and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

564 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Resistance Training on LXR Gene Expression and Serum TNFα Levels in CABG Patients
Fahimeh Parhizi Amir Rashidlamir Rambod khajei Mohammd Reza Ramzanpour Mohsen Vazifehdoost

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to the American Heart Association, the prevalence of the cardiovascular diseases has an inflammatory basis, and general inflammation plays a central role in the development of atheros More

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to the American Heart Association, the prevalence of the cardiovascular diseases has an inflammatory basis, and general inflammation plays a central role in the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training on LXR gene expression and serum TNFα levels in CABG patients. Twenty-four men who underwent bypass surgery were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group did not. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the start of the first training session and also 48 hours after the last training session while all subjects fated. Independent and paired samples Student's t-test and Shapirovilk test were used to normalize the data at a significant level of 0.05. The results of the present study showed that the training group experienced a significant increase in LXR mRNA gene expression and a decrease in serum TNFα levels as a result of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training compared to the control group. The same changes were seen as the within group differences in the pre-test and post-test in the training group. The findings of this study showed that an eight-week combined aerobic and resistance training program could regularly increase the LXR gene expression and decrease serum TNFα levels in CABG patients Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

565 - The Effect of Three Months of Resistance Exercise During Dialysis on Lipid Profile and Physical Performance among Dialysis Patients
Ruholla Abasnezhad Mohsen Salesi

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of three-month of resistance exercise on dialysis patients’ lipid profile and physical performance. This study was of a quasi-experimental type. A number of 34 dialysis patients participated in the study voluntaril More

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of three-month of resistance exercise on dialysis patients’ lipid profile and physical performance. This study was of a quasi-experimental type. A number of 34 dialysis patients participated in the study voluntarily. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after and before the exercise when the participants did not have breakfast. The subjects of the experimental group participated in pre-planned exercise for three months at three 60 to 70-minute sessions per week. The exercises were done during dialysis when the patients were lying down in bed. The exercise program included 5 to 10 minutes of stretching and limbering as warm up. The main exercise involved ten stations including three sets and ten repetitions by 45% maximum repetition. The subjects were received 1 to 1.5-minute break between the sets and 2 to 3-minute between the stations. In addition, the exercise intensity was enhanced by 5 % once in every two weeks and one repetition was added to SPSS software. Independent t test was used for analyzing the findings. The results indicated that resistance exercise decreased the cholesterol significantly but increased HDL and physical performance in comparison to the control group. The results of the study revealed that resistance exercise decreased some cardiovascular risk factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

566 - Effect of Eight Weeks Resistance Training on Serum Levels of Hepatic Enzymes Including AST, ALT and ALP in Overweight Mens with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
S. Nejadsalim M. Gholami

The effect of different types of exercise training in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks’ resistance training on serum levels of hepatic enzymes' inclu More

The effect of different types of exercise training in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks’ resistance training on serum levels of hepatic enzymes' including AST, ALT and ALP in overweight men’s afflicted by NAFLD. For this purpose, 30 overweight men’s afflicted by NAFLD with average age 40.2 ± 2.5 and weight 75.5 ± 3.19 randomly divided in control (n=15) and resistance training (n=15) groups. Subjects in training group take part in resistance training program for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Training intensity increased from 40 percent of 1RM in first week to 70 percent of 1RM in last week. Blood samples collected in the end of research protocol and given variables measured in serum. Present study result analyzed by SPSS-24 software and using analyze covariance (ANCOVA) test. Results indicated that serum levels of AST (p= 0.024) and ALT (p= 0.006) significantly decreased in resistance training group, but changes in serum levels of ALP wasn’t significant (p= 0.096). Moreover, result indicated significant improvement of lipid profile in trained group (p= 0.001). According to present study result, positive effect of resistance training in patient with NAFLD may be exert by decreasing levels of hepatic enzyme and this training program can play effective role in modulating lipid profile in patient with NAFL. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

567 - Effect of Pomegranate Supplementation on Antioxidant Status in Young Women after Heavy Resistance Exercise
Babak Hooshmand Moghadam Sirous Choobineh

Today, researchers are attracted to focus on the prevention of production of free radicals, and the consumption of antioxidants, especially polyphenols. Therefore we aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) More

Today, researchers are attracted to focus on the prevention of production of free radicals, and the consumption of antioxidants, especially polyphenols. Therefore we aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in young women after a session of heavy resistance exercise. In this quasi-experimental design, 20 young women with the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received 250 ml normal pomegranate juice daily and the second received 250 ml of placebo for two weeks each day. After two weeks, both groups participated in a session of heavy resistance exercise. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study after 12 h of fasting. TAC and MDA were measured by TBARS and FRAP reactions respectively, then analyzed by independent t-test at P≤0.05 level. Pomegranate juice supplementation group had a significant increase in the TAC after heavy resistance exercise (P =0.038). However, this change was not significant in the placebo group. MDA in pomegranate juice supplementation group showed a significant decrease after heavy resistance training (P=0.016). This change was not significant in the placebo group. Taking supplements two weeks of heavy resistance exercise can improve total anti-oxidative capacity and reduce lipid peroxidation in young women. Manuscript profile

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568 - The Effect of Lycopene Supplement on Oxidative Stress and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Obese Men after Resistance Exercise
B. Hooshmand moghadam M. Eskandari

The effect of supplementation with lycopene (tomato juice) on the TAC and MDA in obese men after resistance exercise was examined. In this study, 20 obese men (BMI ≥ 30) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: placebo (n = 10) and supplements (n = 10). Group sup More

The effect of supplementation with lycopene (tomato juice) on the TAC and MDA in obese men after resistance exercise was examined. In this study, 20 obese men (BMI ≥ 30) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: placebo (n = 10) and supplements (n = 10). Group supplements daily for two weeks 2 tablets of 200 mg lycopene and the placebo group the amount received placebo. Then the two groups participating in resistance exercise and venous blood samples at three stages: before supplementation (2 wk before the activity), before, and 24 h after the exercise was collected. The TAC and MDA concentration of biomarker in the supplement group were respectively increased and decreased significantly in the placebo group over time (P≤0.05). Supplementation with spirulina could increase plasma antioxidant capacity and reduce oxidative stress in obese men after resistance exercise. Manuscript profile

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569 - بررسی تطبیقی مؤلّفه‌های مقاومت در رمان «أدرَکَهَا النّسیان» و «ارمیا»
سمانه موسی پور یوسف هادی پور فرهاد دیورسالار

10.30495/bahar.2023.703126

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570 - Studying the Religious Theme and Identity in Kaisar Aminpour's poetry
Fatemeh Yousefpour Sayfi Iraj Mehraki

Abstract         Aminpour is one of the committed poets whose religious beliefs have significantly been reflected in his words. His adherence to religious and literary values, his approach to spoken language have endowed a special str More

Abstract         Aminpour is one of the committed poets whose religious beliefs have significantly been reflected in his words. His adherence to religious and literary values, his approach to spoken language have endowed a special structure and style to his poetry. Aminpour's poetry has religious identity and more than other things he wants to illustrate them in his works. He is also the poet of holy defense and resistance in the war time. This, together with religious distinction, has added value nature based on revolutionary ideals to his words. In this article, reflection of his religious identity and its relation with his words and frequencies like symbolism and revulsion and depression have been stressed on. Manuscript profile

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571 - مدل سازی تحلیلی و عددی پرتابه های فرسایشی در اهداف تقویت شده بتنی به الیاف فولادی
مهدی هدایتیان خداداد وواحدی

    در این مقاله به ارائه یک مدل تحلیلی فرآیند نفوذ پرتابه های فرسایشی در بتن تقویت شده به الیاف فولادی پرداخته شده است. نوآوری مدل تحلیلی ارائه شده در آن است که تاثیر طول به قطر الیاف فولادی و نسبت طول به قطر پرتابه و همچنین درصد حجمی الیاف استفاده شده در مات More

    در این مقاله به ارائه یک مدل تحلیلی فرآیند نفوذ پرتابه های فرسایشی در بتن تقویت شده به الیاف فولادی پرداخته شده است. نوآوری مدل تحلیلی ارائه شده در آن است که تاثیر طول به قطر الیاف فولادی و نسبت طول به قطر پرتابه و همچنین درصد حجمی الیاف استفاده شده در ماتریس بتن بر روی مقاومت ضربه ای بتن الیافی در سرعت های بالا مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.در شبیه سازی عددی از کد صریح و غیر خطی ال اس داینا استفاده شده است. پرتابه ها با سرعت 2500 متر بر ثانیه با جرم تقریبی 45 گرم و با سر نفوذگر نیم کروی، تخت و اجایو در بتن مسلح به الیاف فولادی با درصد های حجمی 1، 5/1 و 2 درصد نفوذ میکنند. پس از صحت سنجی مدل تحلیلی نفوذ با فرآیند شبیه سازی و کار آزمایشگاهی، نتایج نشان میدهد که پرتابه های با سر نفوذگر اجایو که فاکتور تیزی سر پرتابه پایینی دارد با سرعت باقیمانده بیشتری از اهداف خارج میشود و کارآیی آنها در نفوذ بهتر میباشد. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش نسبت طول به قطر پرتابه از 5/0 به 9/0، برای پرتابه هایی به ترتیب به شکل تخت، نیم کروی و اجایو، سرعت باقی مانده افزایش می یابد. همچنین با افزایش درصد حجمی الیاف فولادی در ماتریس بتن میزان تخریب سطح ناحیه رویی و زیرین بتن الیافی کاهش مییابد. مدل تحلیلی ارائه شده در فرآیند تغییرات سرعت پرتابه در حین نفوذ داخل بتن تقویت شده به الیاف فولادی از دستاوردهای مهم این تحقیق محسوب میشود. Manuscript profile

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572 - محاسبه میزان مقاومت غلطشی تایر با استفاده از نتایج تحلیل برهم کنش استاتیکی آن با جاده
حسین گلبخشی مسلم نامجو

طبق بررسی های صورت گرفته از میان پدیده های مختلفی چون اصطکاک، مقاومت آیرودینامیکی هوا و سایر افت های مکانیکی، مقاومت غلطشی ناشی از خاصیت ویسکو الاستیسیته لاستیک، عامل مهمی است که 33-10 %کل اتلاف انرژی در وسایل نقلیه را به خود اختصاص می دهد. بدین جهت تحلیل و شناخت اثرات More

طبق بررسی های صورت گرفته از میان پدیده های مختلفی چون اصطکاک، مقاومت آیرودینامیکی هوا و سایر افت های مکانیکی، مقاومت غلطشی ناشی از خاصیت ویسکو الاستیسیته لاستیک، عامل مهمی است که 33-10 %کل اتلاف انرژی در وسایل نقلیه را به خود اختصاص می دهد. بدین جهت تحلیل و شناخت اثرات مربوط به این افت نقش بسزایی در کاهش مقاومت در برابر حرکت وسیله نقلیه و در نتیجه کاهش مصرف انرژی دارد. بیشتر مراجع و مقالات منتشر شده در این زمینه مقاومت غلطشی را کسری از انرژی کرنشی ذخیره شده در تایر می دانند که به علت پدیده هیستریتیس در هر دور گردش تایر به هدر می رود. در تحلیل حاضر، با استفاده از نتایج تحلیل سه بعدی برهم کنش استاتیکی تایر و سطح صلب جاده، نخست نحوه تغییرات زمانی تنش-کرنش در مقاطع مختلف تایر مشخص گردیده است و سپس با استفاده از یک برنامه کامپیوتری در محیط نرم افزار متلب مقادیر تنشها و کرنشهای اصلی حاصل از شش مولفه تانسورهای تنش و کرنش جهت محاسبه افت هیستریتیک و در نتیجه مقاومت غلطشی تایر به کار می روند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل حاضر در مقایسه با مطالعات عددی و تجربی صورت گرفته در این زمینه دقت قابل توجهی نشان می دهند. Manuscript profile

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573 - Studying the therapeutic effect of Oliveria decumbens vent. plant essential oil in the treatment of bladder inflammation caused by Escherichia coli in male Wistar rats
Hossein Antikchi S Mashhady Rafie Negar Panahi کیومرث Amini

Antibiotic resistance, especially in Escherichia coli, is one of the most worrying issues worldwide. In addition, the side effects of chemical drugs have led scientists to use natural alternatives with better therapeutic effects and fewer side effects than common treatm More

Antibiotic resistance, especially in Escherichia coli, is one of the most worrying issues worldwide. In addition, the side effects of chemical drugs have led scientists to use natural alternatives with better therapeutic effects and fewer side effects than common treatments. Therefore, this research has studied the therapeutic effect of Oliveria decumbens plant essential oil in the treatment of inflammation in the bladder caused by Escherichia coli infection in male Wistar rats. The antibacterial properties of the plant extract were investigated using the standard microdilution method against Escherichia coli. Then, to cause cystitis, Escherichia coli bacteria with a concentration of 1.5 x 108 CFU/mL was injected into the bladder of mice, and then different concentrations of the extract and gentamicin were administered to them. Bladder histopathological parameters were evaluated at the end of the study. MIC and MBC of the extract against Escherichia coli were 0.32 μl/ml and 512 μl/ml, respectively. In the infected group without treatment, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the thickness of the bladder tissue increased significantly, but in the extract-treated groups, especially at higher doses, these parameters decreased significantly (p<0.01). The effect of the extract in reducing the number of bacteria was comparable to gentamicin. In addition, after administration of the extract, inflammation, fibrosis and thickness of the epithelium also decreased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). The results of this research showed that the treatment with the extract of this plant, which was prescribed as an oral supplement or subcutaneous injection, led to a significant decrease in the number of urinary bacteria and improved pathological changes in the studied mice. Manuscript profile

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574 - Identification and Classification of Organizational Dashboard Development Factors with BI Logic To Assess Resistance Economics Strategies
seyyed ali akbar hashemi

  Resistance economics means identifying areas of economic pressure, and subsequently trying  to control and mitigate those effects, and in ideal conditions, turning such pressures into opportunities that cannot be achieved without effective and planned strat More

  Resistance economics means identifying areas of economic pressure, and subsequently trying  to control and mitigate those effects, and in ideal conditions, turning such pressures into opportunities that cannot be achieved without effective and planned strategies. In general, the main cause of the failure of the strategies is the lack of control and monitoring of actions and actions in line with predetermined goals and strategies. Considering the need to properly implement the strategies of resistance economy in the current state of the country, identifying important information that should be monitored at the moment is more urgent. Organizational Dashboard, a tool-rich indicators, reports and graphs dynamically acted according to its managers can see at any moment the organization's performance And compare and evaluate its status with respect to short and long term perspectives. But for efficient data using business intelligence logic is inescapable. Business Intelligence is a system in which different, dispersed and heterogeneous data of an organization is integrated and through the establishment of analytical database for managers to make decisions. . This study is developmental and practical. After reviewing literature and interviewing with ۳۸ experts in universities and organizations, organizational dashboard developmental factors with the business intelligence logic were presented that were ۳۵۷ codes. Using themes analysis and focus group methods, these codes were grouped to ۲۴ based themes and ۷ organizer themes Including need assessment and feasibility, process design, , software design, deployment and implementation, evaluation and analysis, and maintenance and development. In the second phase, 24 based themes were presented to the Resistance Economists experts and ultimately 20 factors were considered as effective factors in the assessment of resistance Economists.   Manuscript profile

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575 - Explicating the Agility Strategies Model in the Automotive Industry based on the General Policies of Resistance Economy
easa roghani mamaghani jalal haghighatmonfared ahmad jafarnejad

Agility is a prerequisite for improvement in the industry. Academics and practitioners have long acknowledged the importance of agile manufacturing in achieving sustainable competitiveness. In that regard, the general policies of the Resistance Economy as an upstream do More

Agility is a prerequisite for improvement in the industry. Academics and practitioners have long acknowledged the importance of agile manufacturing in achieving sustainable competitiveness. In that regard, the general policies of the Resistance Economy as an upstream document can be a good guide for the agility of country's manufacturing industries under the current sanctions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to identify the agility elements and to explain agility strategies in the automobile industry. This research is applied research in terms of purpose and qualitative research in terms of method. Thematic analysis was done and document data was coded manually and using software, which led to the identification of 37 basic themes. Then, by using fuzzy Delphi method, a questionnaire was surveyed by selected experts of the automobile industry. The results confirm the strong association of the 15 themes with the industry under study. These basic themes were categorized into 3 organizer themes, using the cognitive mapping method, which was mapped into a thematic network. According to the research findings, the agility strategies of the automotive industry are: 1- Agility of human resources through: empowerment, upgrade of training, increase of skills, experience and flexibility enhancing, jihad work culture, standard work culture, and strengthening team work, 2- Agility of production and operations through: enhancing production factors, production and product flexibility, and production and product quality, and 3- Supply chain agility strategies through: Enterprise resource management, competency management, variety in supplying, broadening co-operations and partnerships, have been introduced as agility strategies of the automotive industry. Manuscript profile

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576 - Presenting Model of Value engineering to achieving the policies of resistance economy by structural equation modelling technique
esfandyar Ataei roxana Fekri

    Regarding the notification of the Resistance Economic Policy in Iran, by Ayatollah Khamenei the supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution on the basis of the first article of the principle 110 of the constitution, which was studied in the Expediency Co More

    Regarding the notification of the Resistance Economic Policy in Iran, by Ayatollah Khamenei the supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution on the basis of the first article of the principle 110 of the constitution, which was studied in the Expediency Council and communicated to the heads of the three forces, some factors were considered in 24-part policy including decrease of dependence on oil and gas sales,  increase in production, employment. In accordance with this communicated policy, value engineering can be used for improvement of project management in the long term. It can act in the time of sanctions not only as an effective way and light and being an efficient instrument of economic policy, but also it can meet the country's independence. To fulfill this need, we must use a functional approach to value engineering instead of the traditional approach. which detects components that impose unnecessary costs and wasting time and removes them. The main objective of this paper is creating  a conceptual model of the impact of value engineering phases for the realization of policies of resistance economy and analysis of the impact among them using structural modeling techniques. For this purpose, 170 questionnaires of PNU universities of Ardebil and East Azarbaijan provinces were collected. After confirming the validity and dynamics of the questionnaire, data analysis became possible using structural modeling and by (Spss) and (Amos) softwares. The results showed that the total index value engineering can Fulfill to approximately 89% of the policies of Resistance economy.        Manuscript profile

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577 - Satellite television sets, and the discourses of identity Iranian audiences
emran kiani hamdalah akvani

 According to Functionalist theories media are part of the external environment. Which plays a role in the transformation of the identity, In other words, Shaping  identity and destruction of their identity. The emergence of social change and in the value of t More

 According to Functionalist theories media are part of the external environment. Which plays a role in the transformation of the identity, In other words, Shaping  identity and destruction of their identity. The emergence of social change and in the value of things is as a result of the work of media functionality. Media, link  public and private spheres of different people to each other and transport means to the audience and  shaping the identity. The current research is the answer to the main,a a satellite TV set which categories of meaning, ideas and values dominate and naturalized and Shaping the identity. This study sought to prove the hypothesis that  audience According to Access to different discourses and different social and cultural backgrounds show  different responses . Or accept or resist the dominant readings or talks with given identity. How to read or decode the audience of the TV series Life tulip in a Persian-language satellite channels broadcast is samples analyzed in this study. The theoretical framework is  based on semantic system approach and the intertwining of three cents functionalist theory, cultural studies and developed the theory of hegemony. Relying on the meaning-making of identity by the media  and Iranian audience identification as well as how and why  they resistance is analyzed satellite readings TV series. The study also is analyzed through focus group discussions and readings of audience identification. Manuscript profile

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578 - Semiotic Analysis of Resistive Economy Impedimenta and Solutions
sarvenaz torbati

The present research has accomplished by considering the importance of discourse production in the field of resistive economy, and concerning its cultural dimensions as reinforcement for resistance culture infrastructure in order to achieve resistive economy objectives. More

The present research has accomplished by considering the importance of discourse production in the field of resistive economy, and concerning its cultural dimensions as reinforcement for resistance culture infrastructure in order to achieve resistive economy objectives.  In order to accomplish   this project it is necessary to be acquainted with the terminology and theoretical framework of semiotics and the term discourse should be elaborated. Semiotics is a discipline, in which culture and society are explored as signs.  Therefore, the main question of semiotics is how meaning is formed and its goal is analyzing, understanding and interpretation of signs. Discourse systems are articulated by signs which form meaning and discourse acts. Using structuralist semiotics perspective and qualitative methodology, this defines the signifiers’ hierarchy order and the way that they connect to make the signs meaningful, explaining syntagmatic and paradigmatic axis and signs interpretation, and determine the central signifier which gives order and meaning to the other signs. The research question is what are the cultural impediments for achieving resistive economy objectives? The hypothesis is we can achieve resistive economy objectives by obliterating impediments and discourse production. This research follows three objectives: 1-semiotic analysis of resistive economy impediments, 2-defining Islamic – Iranian discourse in order to pass the impediments and clear the subsiding signs of consumerism discourse, 3-returning back to the Islamic – Iranian discourse and relive signifies by concentrating on the “prosperity” centralization and offering solutions for discourse production. The results embrace solutions for discourse production in media to reinforce resistance culture. Manuscript profile

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579 - National- Subnationall Identities: The reasons Behind Divergence in the EU
Abdollah Mehraban

The increasingly process of divergence tendencies in Europe has guided the mind to study this contradiction phenomenon, whereas it is in direct contrast with the very existence of the European Union. The EU, founded with the cause of forming a federation, is now facing More

The increasingly process of divergence tendencies in Europe has guided the mind to study this contradiction phenomenon, whereas it is in direct contrast with the very existence of the European Union. The EU, founded with the cause of forming a federation, is now facing the challenge of divergence and division. Assuming cultural differences and different identities at national and sub-national levels in EU as underlying assumptions, this research by using analytical- descriptive method tries to understand the dysfunctions of EU common policy on identity- building? In response to the question “what are the impacts of national and sub-national identities including ethnic, religious and cultural on the integration of EU?” the hypothesis has been given here is that “the national and sub-national identities of EU through forming resistance identity in two levels of national and sub-national making the most important challenge for the project identity of EU based on integration. The tendencies to national and sub-national identity increased in comparing to super-national identity. Despite EU’s efforts to making policy on common identity, the levels of supranational loyalties are far away from the expected level. In turn, the predisposition toward national and sub-national and also separating from supranational identity. The EU approach of common identity making is project one which is in contradiction with the procedural nature of identity. This issue causes reaction and strengthening of resistance identities visa versus the instructional nature of EU project identity. So EU witnesses the increasing of national and sub-national divergent across the EU members. Manuscript profile

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580 - Discourse Analysys of Holy Defense Painting
nayere mobinipour Mohammadreza Sharifzadeh mohammadali khabari

Having a profound effect on the process of the formation of post-war currents, the painting of war has emerged in a particular discourse context. In this paper, both text and context are studied. Due to the exceptional subject matter and ability of Laclau and Chant More

Having a profound effect on the process of the formation of post-war currents, the painting of war has emerged in a particular discourse context. In this paper, both text and context are studied. Due to the exceptional subject matter and ability of Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s theory of discourse in explaining all socio-political phenomena, this theory has been considered as a theoretical framework and the paintings of holy defense and their representations of war and the production of new discourse have been discussed. Since paintings are an important source of representation of the state of war, a number of artists' works during the holy defense were subsequently analyzed by discourse and read text and context through selected samples of war and postwar paintings. The war and post-war paintings constitute this research data, and several samples are selected from. The selection was based on discourse analysis and textual analysis and purposive sampling was used to choose the statistical society. The following research indicates that the concepts of guardianship, martyrdom, martyr, defense, resistance, jihad, etc. in Iranian culture mixed with Islamic culture have been considered sacred in the war and reestablished by discourse. Referring to these concepts and elements, the mythical symbols in the images, reestablishing of the concept “holy”, and the central signification of some of the key artists’ works in these two periods became apparent in this research. The discourse of the revolution painting is encountered with that of war under the influence of socio-political factors and the shift of relations’ power with fundamental changes in the way in which the war is represented Manuscript profile

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581 - The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture concentrate on growth parameters, survival and challenged with environmental stress in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae F1
Mohammadreza Bivareh Hojatollah Jafarian

 60-days feeding trial was conducted with the Common Carp F1 (Cyprinus carpio) larvae, using yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture concentrate under the commercial title of A-Max. Four concentrations of A-Max (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 g/ per Kg of die More

 60-days feeding trial was conducted with the Common Carp F1 (Cyprinus carpio) larvae, using yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture concentrate under the commercial title of A-Max. Four concentrations of A-Max (0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 g/ per Kg of diet) were used respectively. A diet containing Faradaneh feed, without the A-Max, was used as a control diet (CF). The experimental diets (T1, T2, T3 and T4) were mixed with A-Max suspension and dried at 40°C in incubator for 5 h. For this purpose 600 Common Carp F1 larvae with average mean weight of 1.3±0.273 g (±SD) were obtained and transferred to the laboratory. After a 1 week adaptation to the laboratory conditions the fish were randomly divided into five treatments with three replicates (Three experimental treatment and the control).Length and weight of fish were measured at the beginning and end of study. Also, at the end of study the fish were challenged with environmental stress. At the end of study there were significance difference in growth performance, nutrition factor, survival and challenged with environmental stress (P<0.05). The experiments showed that the A-Max, Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture concentrate in feeding of Common Carp larvae highly increase the growth, feeding performance and challenged with environmental stress. Manuscript profile

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582 - تاثیر 8 هفته مصرف چای سبز همراه با تمرین هوازی تناوبی بر سطوح پلاسمایی نیمرخ چربی و مقاومت انسولینی زنان غیرفعال
بهمن زاده هندیجانی صدیقه حسین پور دلاور حبیب اله گندم کار باقری

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583 - تأثیر یک دوره تمرین مقاومتی همراه با مصرف کافئین بر شاخص آنتی اکسیدانی سوپراکسید ‌دیسموتاز(SOD)و ترکیب بدن در مردان مبتلا به دیابت نوع 2
مهسا محسن زاده مهدی جلوداران

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584 - تاثیرهشت هفته تمرینات مقاومتی(دایره ای،استقامتی)برسطح فشارخون وهورمون آندوتلین1درمردان غیرفعال
سجاد رمضانی عباس بی نیاز اسدالله چزانی

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585 - تاثیر تمرین مقاومتی هرمی و ویبریشن تمام بدن بر شاخص های آسیب سلولی (AST, ALD, CK) در مردان غیر ورزشکار
عبدالرسول بحرانی محمد علی آذربایجانی خلیل شیخانی فاطمه جعفری

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586 - اثر تمرین منظم هوازی بر لپتین، مقاومت انسولین و برخی هورمون های محور هیپوتالاموس- هیپوفیز- آدرنال (HPA) در مردان چاق غیر فعال
داود خورشیدی بهرام عابدی مجتبی ایزدی حسین دوعلی

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587 - تاثیر یک دوره تمرین مقاومتی و ویبریشن یکطرفه بر قدرت عضلانی و تعادل در عضو تمرین نکرده دختران غیر ورزشکار
فرناز زنگانه مسعود معینی شبستری امیر سرشین

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588 - مداخله تمرین استقامتی مزمن بر ایندکس مقاومت انسولینی مردان میانسال مبتلا به بیماری دیابت نوع 2
نیکو همتی علیرضا رحیمی فرزاد ناظم

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589 - The Effects of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Serum levels of Myonectine and Insulin Resistance in Obese and Overweight Women
abdreza kazemi khatereh nnaaderi

AbstractObesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and insulin resistance. Myonectin is a type of myokine that has a high rate of secretion in skeletal muscle and is inversely related to obesity. This study aimed to investigate t More

AbstractObesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and insulin resistance. Myonectin is a type of myokine that has a high rate of secretion in skeletal muscle and is inversely related to obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on myonectin levels and insulin resistance in obese and overweight women. In the present study, 21 overweight and obese women participated as subjects, who were divided into two groups of exercise and control. The exercise program was performed for 8 weeks, which included three sessions of aerobic exercise per week, each session lasting 30 minutes with an intensity of 50 to 70% of the maximum heart rate. The maximum heart rate in exercise was 50% in the first two weeks, 60% in the second two weeks, 65% in the third two weeks, and 70% in the last two weeks. Blood sampling was drawn 48 hours before the start and 48 hours after the last training session and serum levels of mayonectin, glucose, and insulin were measured. Analysis of covariance was applied to examine the differences between groups by using IMB SPSS v.21 software. Serum levels of myonectin increased in the exercise group compared to the control group, but this amount was not significant (P=0.08). Furthermore, the level of insulin resistance in the exercise group compared to the control group was significantly reduced (P=0.006). Based on the results, aerobic training led to an increase in serum levels of myonectin and a decrease in insulin resistance in the subjects of this study. It can be concluded that due to the role of mayonectin in increasing the absorption of fatty acids, aerobic exercise can play a significant role in reducing obesity-related diseases and metabolic syndrome, which according to the current results, this effect is relatively associated with the role of mayonectin.  Manuscript profile

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590 - اثر هشت هفته تمرین استقامتی بر عوامل نروتروفیک مشتق از مغز، انسولین و مقاومت به انسولین موش های صحرایی
نسترن سیاوشی علی حسینی سید احسان امیر حسینی

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591 - Identifying and Ranking the Factors Affecting the Development of Tehran's Sports Space and Explaining Appropriate Strategies with a Resistance Economy Approach
sadegh rezaei abolfazl farahani aliasghar doroudian alimohamad safania

By measuring brand valuation accurately, it can be considered as a desirable scale correctly for evaluating the long-term effects of marketing. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explain and prioritize the brand valuation indices of Iranian Futsal Super League More

By measuring brand valuation accurately, it can be considered as a desirable scale correctly for evaluating the long-term effects of marketing. The purpose of this descriptive study was to explain and prioritize the brand valuation indices of Iranian Futsal Super League clubs using choline components, which was done as a descriptive-correlational study. The population included 168 futsal players, 28 coaches, and 14 club general managers, who contributed in the 1996-95 year season. The sample size of the study was 172 according to the return of questionnaires. The Faraji Brand Valuation Questionnaire (2012) was used, which contained 35 questions consisting of 7 components of choline valuation based on Likert's five-choice spectrum. The participants, on the whole, demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between the seven components of the main research model, which included the stability component, profit trend component, support component, geographical expansion component, protection component, leadership component, and market component with brand valuation. Additionally, the results showed that the support component is the most effective parameter in the brand equity of Iranian futsal clubs. Consequently, it is suggested that futsal clubs take serious advice and consultation to attract sponsors and financial support other than the government and provide the necessary foundation to support sports clubs. Manuscript profile

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592 - اثر هشت هفته تمرین مقاومتی بر سطح اینترلوکین - 17 و کورتیزول بیماران ام اس
امیر رحیمی مهرزاد مقدسی محمد امین عدالت منش

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593 - اثر 12 هفته تمرین ترکیبی بر لپتین، پروتئین واکنش گر (CRP )و شاخص مقاومت انسولین ( HPMA-IR ) در مردان دارای اضافه وزن
رضا عباسی بختیاری بهرام عابدی

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594 - ارتباط بین تغییرات ANP و لیپولیز در پاسخ به فعالیت تک جلسه ای مقاومتی
سید مرتضی سجادی سجاد احمدی زاده صالح زاهدی اصل خسرو ابراهیم

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595 - Comparison of the Effect of HIRT and TRT Exercises on Irisin and Insulin Resistance Index in Overweight Men in Hamadan
majid khanbabaieenava seydvahid fazeliyan salman lotfi

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) on serum irisin and insulin resistance index in overweight men in Hamadan. In this study, 36 overweight men with a body mass index More

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) on serum irisin and insulin resistance index in overweight men in Hamadan. In this study, 36 overweight men with a body mass index above 24 were selected as a sample and randomly divided into three control groups: HIRT and TRT. Subjects in the TRT training group performed resistance training with an intensity of 70% of one maximal repetition and the HIRT training group performed an eight-week resistance training protocol with an intensity of 85% of a maximal repetition. Before and after exercise, irisin, insulin resistance index Waist period size, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and body mass index were measured, and the results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and significant using Tukey post hoc test.The results showed that high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) caused significant changes in irisin (P <0.05) and insulin resistance index (P <0.05), but these changes were not significant in the traditional training group (TRT) (P> 0.05). ).Both training methods caused changes in serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in overweight men compared to the control group, but high-intensity resistance training had a greater effect on changing serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in overweight men than traditional exercises. Manuscript profile

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596 - اثر تمرین ورزشی تناوبی خیلی شدید بر آدیپوسایتوکاین واسپین و شاخص مقاومت انسولین مردان جوان دارای اضافه وزن
شاهین ریاحی ملایری حجت اله نیک بخت عباس علی گائینی

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597 - The Effects of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Serum levels of Myonectine and Insulin Resistance in Obese and Overweight Women
khatereh naderipoor abdoreza kazemi

AbstractObesity is related to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Myonectin is a myokine that is generally secreted from skeletal muscle and inversely associated with obesity. The aim of the presen More

AbstractObesity is related to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Myonectin is a myokine that is generally secreted from skeletal muscle and inversely associated with obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of Myonectine and insulin resistance in obese and overweight women. In this study 21 obese women were allocated to exercise and control groups. Exercise training program comprised of 3 weekly sessions of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks that included running with 50 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate. 48 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session blood samples were collected and serum levels of Myonectine were measured. Analysis of covariance was used to assess differences between groups. Serum levels of Myonectine in the experimental group increased, but not significantly (p=0/08). and insulin resistance significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (p=0.006). According to the results, that is increase serum levels of myonectin and decrease insulin resistance, on the other hand, concerning myonectin role in increasing fatty acids uptake, exercise training can play important role in decreasing obesity-related diseases and metabolic syndrome that respect to present study, this effect partly related to Myonectin roles.   Manuscript profile

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598 - پاسخ هموسیستئین، CRP و فیبرینوژن پلاسما به یک جلسه تمرین مقاومتی دایره ای در زنان فعال
الناز فروتن قادیکلایی اصغر خالدان شهلا حجت

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599 - تاثیر هشت هفته تمرین هوازی و مقاومتی بر سطوح لپتین سرم و ترکیب بدن دختران دارای اضافه وزن
سید فاطمه موسوی میثم شعبانی نیا

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600 - یک دوره تمرینات مقاومتی بر سیستم ایمنی همورال کشتی گیران نخبه
شهلا حجت عیدی علی جانی مهدی نیک منش

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601 - تاثیر مکمل سازی اسید چرب امگا- 3 بر شاخص التهابی CRP و شاخصهای آسیب سلولی سرمی پس از یک جلسه تمرین مقاومتی در هندبالیس تهای مرد جوان
شهلا حجت سیروان آتشک محمد امین گلی

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602 - Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, the intI1 and Sul1 genes in Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from livestock and poultry
میترا Salehi, پریسا Mobaseri, , F Hosseini

Bacterial antibiotic resistance has become a worldwide public health problem with direct impact on food safety.Salmonella is an important cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans, and diarrhea and sometimes septicemiain animals. Integrons are genetic elements that More

Bacterial antibiotic resistance has become a worldwide public health problem with direct impact on food safety.Salmonella is an important cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans, and diarrhea and sometimes septicemiain animals. Integrons are genetic elements that recognize and capture mobile gene cassettes, which usuallyencode antimicrobial drug resistance determinants. Integrons are usually found in association with transposonsand plasmids. The study included 31 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates collected in Iran, in 2012. The isolates wererecovered from animal sources. All samples were assessed by culture method and standard biochemical tests fordiagnosis of Salmonella strains. After DNA extraction the presence of intI1 and Sul1 genes were examined byPCR. The most common resistance phenotypes were to cefalothin (100%), ampicillin (54/8%), chloramphenicol(51/6%), tetracycline (45/1%), sulfamethoxazole (41/9%), amoxicillin / clavulanate (38/7%). The intI1 gene wasfound in (47%) and (42/8%) and the sul1 gene in (35/2%) and (35/7%) of Salmonella isolates from livestock andpoultry respectively. Integron positive isolates had higher resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillinsulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin / clavulanate compared with integron negative isolates. The ability of Integronsto integrate resistance gene to antimicrobial agents improves the diffusion of antibiotic resistance. Manuscript profile

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603 - Antibacterial Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolated from Broilers Colibacillosis of Broilers chicks in Golestan Province
پیام Haghighi Khoshkhoo ایمان Ali-Nezhad

The aim of this study was to determinate the drug resistance patterns of avian E.coli isolates from cases of colibacillosis in Golestan Province, Iran. One hundred and fifty isolates of E. coli from pericarditis lesions (5 samples per farm and in 30 farms) submitted More

The aim of this study was to determinate the drug resistance patterns of avian E.coli isolates from cases of colibacillosis in Golestan Province, Iran. One hundred and fifty isolates of E. coli from pericarditis lesions (5 samples per farm and in 30 farms) submitted to the microbiology laboratory. After sampling and confirmation by biochemical reactions, the E.coli isolates were tested for their susceptibility to a panel of 15 antibacterial agents using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The drug susceptibility test showed that all isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid, Erythromycin, Flumequine and were susceptible to Gentamicin and Ceftiofur. More than 80% of the isolates were resistant to Colistin, Tetracycline, Sulfadiazine + Trimethoprim, Enrofloxacin, Cyprofloxacin, Danofloxacin, Lincospectin, Difloxacin, Sulphachlorpyridazin + Trimethoprim and Doxycycline. There were 29 drug resistance patterns among 150 E.coli isolates. Eighty eight percent of isolates belonged to more than one pattern, whereas the rest (12%) of isolates, each isolate belonged to one pattern only. The results of this study confirmed the possibility of indiscriminate abuse and misuse of antibacterial agents in poultry industry and this could be dangerous for public health as well.   Manuscript profile

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604 - Study on antibiotic resistance and frequency of some genes of biofilm production in staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitis of cow
مسعود SHamakhi فرهاد Mosa khani مجید Arjomand zadegan سمیرا Dezfoli

staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial cause of infectious mastitis is usually have reversible nature,chronic and resistant to treatment.one of the most convincing theories offered for the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic regimens in the treatme More

staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacterial cause of infectious mastitis is usually have reversible nature,chronic and resistant to treatment.one of the most convincing theories offered for the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic regimens in the treatment of S. aureus mastitis is both ability to build virulence factors and ability to generate and growth in structures called biofilms in infected tissues that can lead to resistance to most antibiotics.this research done on milk samples from 20 cows with clinical S.aureus mastitis.the result of antibiogram test are showed 100% resistance to antibiotics penicillin,cloxacillin,kanamycin,neomycin and streptomycin against revealed 100% susceptibility to antibiotics Enrofloxasin,Gentamicin,novobiocin,cobactan,nafpenzal,ceftiofor,florophenicol,lincospectin,   TETRA-DELTA  and gentamox.antibiotic susceptibility to antibiotics Tylosin,lincomycin,soltrim,trimethoprim sulfamethoxazol,tetracycline,ampicillin, and amoxicillin,respectively was  60, 0, 70 ,70, 0, 0, and 45% .about prevalence of fib, fnbB and bap genes that are involved in biofilm formation,results respectively to 85, 80 , 65 and 0% showed.the results indicate high ability of S.aureus in biofilm formation and resistance to antibiotics categories Beta-lactam and aminoglycosides.     Manuscript profile

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605 - Economics, Economic Diplomacy, and Preferential Agreements
Ali Adibi Tavakol Habibzadeh

۱۰۵۴/۵۰۰۰ Given the special situation that the Islamic Republic has faced since its inception and the various economic sanctions imposed in this period, various measures have been taken to respond to the rules on investment and capital attraction. Among these measures, More

۱۰۵۴/۵۰۰۰ Given the special situation that the Islamic Republic has faced since its inception and the various economic sanctions imposed in this period, various measures have been taken to respond to the rules on investment and capital attraction. Among these measures, the economy of resistance is in the executive order of the executive governments. But this plan has not only been restored to its place, but misunderstandings in this field have put their aim in another direction. On the other hand, economic diplomacy, which is now undergoing political diplomacy, is trying to create an environment suitable for attracting foreign investors and capital. Perhaps the preferential agreements are uncontested and the nature of economic diplomacy, but with the components of the resistance economy as well as the expansion of regional trade exchanges, on the one hand, and the approval of investment facilitation regulations, positive results can be drawn. It was achieved in this field. However, this paper seeks to explain and analyze the feasibility of the components of a resilient economy, with economic diplomacy to dominate regional trade and the gradual liberalization of the country's economy along with comprehensive regulations. Manuscript profile

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606 - Analysis and evaluation of the Iranian resistance from the arrival of the Arabs to the Umayyad caliphate: Its effect on the Identify of Iranians
Afshin Eshkevar kiaei

10.30495/psq.2023.1993853.2227

This article examines the confrontation and resistance of the Iranians against the subjugation of the Islamic-Arab identity of the Arabs (especially the Umayyads) from the time of the arrival of the Muslim Arabs until before the Abbasids came to power. On the one hand, More

This article examines the confrontation and resistance of the Iranians against the subjugation of the Islamic-Arab identity of the Arabs (especially the Umayyads) from the time of the arrival of the Muslim Arabs until before the Abbasids came to power. On the one hand, this study refers to the strategies of groups and currents that tried to escape from the relations and mechanisms of subjugation of Arab-Islamic identity with various forms of resistance, and on the other hand, it examines the results of these resistances on Iranian identity.The results of this study show that the resistance of Iranians was irregularly distributed among different currents and groups and the centers of resistance were different according to the time and place that occurred: Sometimes by relying on their own thoughts and ideas (like the Zonbilis) and sometimes by relying on non-Iranian forces such as the Kharijites; Others accompanied the Arabs and joined the Islamic army as infantry in the hope of trophy or fearing for their lives; Others, hoping for revenge on the Arab fighters, went to the support of any force opposed to the central caliphate so that they could resist the central caliphate and escape Arab domination. Manuscript profile

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607 - The influence of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran on resistance groups in the Middle East region; A case study of Hashd al-Shaabi
Karim Abbasi samad ghaempanah hasan shamsinighyasvand asadollah athari

10.30495/psq.2023.1979236.2190

Different countries use different military, political, cultural and economic levers to influence the international arena. In this field, the Islamic Republic of Iran, according to the characteristics of the revolution of 1357, by using the cultural lever by supporting t More

Different countries use different military, political, cultural and economic levers to influence the international arena. In this field, the Islamic Republic of Iran, according to the characteristics of the revolution of 1357, by using the cultural lever by supporting the attraction and organization of Islamic groups, the conditions for exerting influence in regional countries such as Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, etc., within the framework of interests The people, the region and the Islamic world have prepared.This article is compiled with the aim of examining the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in regional Islamic groups, especially Hashd al-Shaabi.In this research, this question will be answered; What is the effect of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the Islamic factions of the Middle East region with a case study of Hashd al-Shaabi?research hypothesis; The soft power components of the Islamic Republic of Iran, such as culture, religious beliefs, and internal and external policies, have been effective in creating and strengthening Islamic groups in the region. The results obtained from the mentioned research show that the Islamic Republic of Iran has caused the resistance groups in the region, especially Hashd al-Shaabi, to change from a potential state to an actual one, and in ensuring the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially in the fight against terrorism, Help with drug trafficking, human trafficking, etc.The method chosen in this article is descriptive and analytical, and the method of collecting materials is through a library. Manuscript profile

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608 - ورزش و روابط بین‌الملل: جنبه‌های مفهومی و تئوریک
افشین زرگر

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609 - Designing a Model for Implementing Rural Cooperative Policies in Association with Resistance Policies
Nasrin Khodabakhshi Hafshijani Zinolabedin Amini Sabeq Masoud Ghorban Hosseini Ehsan Sadeh

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610 - Investigation of Effective Parameters on Compressive Strength, Specific Electrical Resistance and Water Absorption of Lightweight Pervious Concrete
shahriar gholamin noveirsar مرتضی جمشیدی رحمت مدندوست

Pervious concrete is a special type of lightweight concrete with low or even zero slump, which consists of cement, coarse aggregate, a limited percentage of fine aggregate (or no fine aggregate), various chemical and pozzolanic additives. In this article, structural LEC More

Pervious concrete is a special type of lightweight concrete with low or even zero slump, which consists of cement, coarse aggregate, a limited percentage of fine aggregate (or no fine aggregate), various chemical and pozzolanic additives. In this article, structural LECA with a volumetric weight of 750 kg/m3 and a fixed water-to-cement ratio (W/C = 0.3) was used to make lightweight pervious concrete and the effect of different ratios of lightweight aggregate to cement (A/C) including 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.4, 2.7, 3, total porosity and volume percentage of cement paste on compressive strength , specific electrical resistance and percentage of water absorption of lightweight pervious concrete aged 28 days were investigated. With the increase of A/C ratio from 1.5 to 3, the volume of cement paste decreased from 30.873% to 15.436% in the samples and the total porosity increased from 21.64% to 38.08%, which led to a decrease Specific electrical resistance decreased from 11.45 to 6.841 , compressive strength decreased from 13.27 MPa to 4.37 MPa, and water absorption increased from 11.185% to 12.695% in lightweight pervious concrete samples. The results of this research showed the improvement of physical properties and the decrease of mechanical properties and durability of lightweight pervious concrete containing LECA. Manuscript profile

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611 - The Effect of PVA Fibers and Nano-Particles on the Bonding Strength of Fiber Reinforced Concrete
hossein nematian jelodar Ata Hojatkashani Rahmat Madandoust abbas akbarpour nik ghalb rashti Seyed Azim Hosseini

Repairing and Strengthening of concrete structures is of special importance and the mechanical properties of repair mortars and their compatibility with the base concrete are significant aspects in the field of repairing of damaged concrete structures. The bond strength More

Repairing and Strengthening of concrete structures is of special importance and the mechanical properties of repair mortars and their compatibility with the base concrete are significant aspects in the field of repairing of damaged concrete structures. The bond strength parameter of materials is one of the important properties in the selection of repair mortars. In the current Experimental studies, the bond strength of 7 types of cement base mortars consisting Nano-Silica (NS), Micro-Silica (SF) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibers have been tested on base concrete according to ASTM C882 standard. The base concrete is made of fiber concrete with a target compressive strength of 45 MPa and consisting macrosynthetic fibers. The workability of fiber concrete was 120 mm, and the method of curing the samples was done as the wet method. The obtained results indicate that all 7 types of repair materials of this research were compatible with the base concrete and the sample with the combination of PVA fibers and Nano-Silica in cement-based mortars has increased the bond strength of the samples by 85% compared to the samples without fibers. The highest bond strength among the samples was related to cement based mortar containing PVA fibers and Nano-silica (PVA0.75NS6) with bond strength equal to 21.83 MPa. Manuscript profile

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612 - Review of the regional security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 13901400
Fazlollah Rezvantalab hojjatollah darvishpour محمد علی خسروی

In this article, according to the special and strategic geo-economic conditions of Southwest Asia and the Middle East, the regional security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which have always played a decisive and influential role in the security arrangements o More

In this article, according to the special and strategic geo-economic conditions of Southwest Asia and the Middle East, the regional security policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which have always played a decisive and influential role in the security arrangements of this region, have been investigated. This research aims to explain and understand Iran's regional security policies in 1390-1400 AH, which can be a basis for determining the country's security policies against security threats in the region and addressing the question that Iran's regional security policies In this decade, according to the environmental threats, what principles have been established? has investigated the issue, and in this regard, this hypothesis is proposed that Iran's policies are focused on the main areas of strengthening and supporting the resistance front and expanding all-round relations with neighboring countries and trying to reduce the presence and influence of the United States in the region. Bari Buzan region has benefited. In order to collect data, library documents and existing books and using news and analytical websites have been used. Manuscript profile

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613 - Prevalence of sul genes in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infectious in Shahrekord
Mahnaz Shamaei Maryam Reisi Hossein Khodabandeh shahraki

Urinary tract infections is one of the most common infectious diseases and E. coli is one of urinary tract infection the most important factor. The purpose of this investigation is prevalence of sul genes in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infectious in Shahrekord to More

Urinary tract infections is one of the most common infectious diseases and E. coli is one of urinary tract infection the most important factor. The purpose of this investigation is prevalence of sul genes in E.coli isolated from urinary tract infectious in Shahrekord to form cross-sectional in 2013. Samples was prepared as sterile and in terms of urine tests, cultures and was studied. Investigation antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disk diffusion method. As well as, for tracing Sul gene PCR reaction was performed in the presence of specific primers and the results was analyzed. In this study of 130 E. coli isolates studied 67 isolates (53/51%) resistance to co-trimoxazol was observed. The frequency of genes sul1, sul2 and sul3 was respectively 20/89%, 55/22% and 4/47%. In statistical analysis with chi-square test between to resistance sulfonamides and sul genes significant correlation was observed. The results showed that E. coli isolates are high resistant to sulfonamides that may be the indiscriminate use of these antibiotics. Manuscript profile

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614 - Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship between genes sul and Class I integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to sulfonamides isolated from clinical cases in Shahrekord
Marziyeh Farsinejad Maryam Reisi JAMSHID Alibabaeishahraki Hossein Khodabandeh shahraki

Antimicrobial resistance is a common problem throughout the world. Acquire integrons is one One of the main causes multi- resistance in gram-negative microorganisms. The purpose of this study, Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship betw More

Antimicrobial resistance is a common problem throughout the world. Acquire integrons is one One of the main causes multi- resistance in gram-negative microorganisms. The purpose of this study, Investigate the frequency of genes sul and investigate the relationship between genes sul and Class I integrons in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to sulfonamides isolated from clinical cases in Shahrekord. In this study, antibiotic resistance 90 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cases of Shahrekord,disk diffusion method was performed. In order to investigate resistance to sulfonamides of the antibiotic cotrimoxazole was used. Then using specific primers was performed tracing genes sul1, sul2 and sul3 and intI. After PCR reaction of 33 isolates resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole sul1 gene in 15 isolates (45/45%), sul2 gene in 20 isolates (60/60%), gene Sul3 in 2 isolates (6/06%) and the gene intI 27 isolates was found. The statistical analysis between genes sul1and IntI significant relationship was observed. The results of this study show that is a strong correlation between carry integrons and increased resistance to a number of different classes of antibiotics. Manuscript profile

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615 - Evaluation of Resistance of Some Doubled Haploid Lines of wheat to Pathotypes of Yellow Rust Seedling Stages
عادله بخشی

Wheat stripe ( yellow ) rust is an important disease in Iran. In order to evaluate the reaction to yellow rust, 64 wheat doubled haploid lines resulted from wheat and maize hybrid chromosome elimination method were tested relative to three wheat yellow rust disease path More

Wheat stripe ( yellow ) rust is an important disease in Iran. In order to evaluate the reaction to yellow rust, 64 wheat doubled haploid lines resulted from wheat and maize hybrid chromosome elimination method were tested relative to three wheat yellow rust disease pathogen pathotypes in Sari region. These pathotypes involved 70E34A+, 166E14A+, 70E10A+. Wheat doubled haploid lines were tested in seedling stage in greenhouse condition by three resistant control cultivars ( Parsi, Sivand and Morvarid ) and sensitive Bolani cultivar. All lines and cultivars were planted in three replications in plastic pots in a culture room. In one and two leaves stages, the seedlings were inoculated with urodiniospores of each pathotype separately. After 14 to 25 days, the infected type of each line was recorded based on 0 – 9 scale. Resistance was measured by infected type, latent period, sprout size and sprout density. The analysis of variance showed a significant difference among genotypes. These lines can be used as resistance resources relative to pathotypes in improvement programs. The results indicated that doubled haploid system can be a useful method for production of optimal resistant lines in a short term. Manuscript profile

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616 - Designing entrepreneurial organizational model based on Resistive economy in the ministry of education of Iran (Case study of western provinces of Iran)
Neda Soltani gohari sanjar salajaghe

The present article, entitled Designing an Organizational Entrepreneurship Model Based on a Resistance Economy, has been conducted in the Ministry of Education of Iran (a case study of the western provinces of the country). In terms of purpose, this research is in the g More

The present article, entitled Designing an Organizational Entrepreneurship Model Based on a Resistance Economy, has been conducted in the Ministry of Education of Iran (a case study of the western provinces of the country). In terms of purpose, this research is in the group of development-applied research. The type of research is combined (exploratory mix). The research method is formal (content) validation method. The statistical population included 392 people who are a sample of general managers and their deputies in eleven western provinces of the country in 2018, with bachelor's, master's and higher degrees. In this research, based on a qualitative approach and Delphi method, first, modeling and initial conceptual model were formed and then using the data related to case studies and field-survey, the designed model obtained from the Delphi method was analyzed. The results were analyzed by factor analysis on components by principal component analysis and varimax rotation. SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the factors of organizational entrepreneurship in the Ministry of Education include actions, attitudes, flexibility, rewards, leadership and culture which the validity and accuracy of all components were confirmed. Factors of resistance economy in the Ministry of Education include equalization of access, expansion of participation and increase of efficiency which the validity and accuracy of all components were confirmed. The underlying factors of organizational entrepreneurship in the Ministry of Education included support, culture, strategy, structure, control system and communication which the validity and accuracy of all components were confirmed. In general, there is a relationship between the underlying factors of entrepreneurship and the dimensions of the resistance economy which is an incremental relationship. Regarding the variables underlying entrepreneurship, it should be said that the support of top management, organizational strategy, organizational structure and organizational systems are not related to the dimensions of resistance economy. Organizational culture has a decreasing relationship with the dimensions of resistance economy. The relationship between control and evaluation of the organization and effective communication with the dimensions of the resistance economy is an incremental relationship. The relationship between the underlying factors of organizational entrepreneurship and organizational entrepreneurship factors in the Ministry of Education is an incremental relationship. Manuscript profile

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617 - Study of resistance towards accepting the official norms of the Iranian society (case study: students of Tehran Azad University over 2020-2021)
Mona Robati Majid Radfar ALI MAlek pour

The present study seeks to investigate the resistance towards accepting the official norms of the Iranian society among students of Tehran Azad University. The study is applied research in terms of the research objective and a descriptive study in terms of research path More

The present study seeks to investigate the resistance towards accepting the official norms of the Iranian society among students of Tehran Azad University. The study is applied research in terms of the research objective and a descriptive study in terms of research path. The statistical population includes all students of Azad University, Central Tehran branch, among whom 384 people were selected as the sample through systematic random sampling and answered the researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was made up of 77 items. The raw data obtained from the research questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS26 software, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results of the independent t-test indicated that gender influences the resistance towards accepting the norms of society, and men are more resistant to accepting the norms compared to women. Results of one-way ANOVA revealed that various age groups perform differently in terms of accepting the norms, and older people are less inclined to resist the norms. It was also found that academic degree plays no part in the acceptance of or resistance towards the norms of the community; however, it was revealed from the indicators that those with lower academic degrees are more resistant towards accepting family rules and norms, and have a higher tendency to take part in nightly parties and gatherings. It was also found in the description of means that the level of participants' disregard for the rules of the society in terms of tendency to participate in nightly parties and gatherings was low. On the other hand, it was revealed that participants had a moderate level of disregard for the rules and norms of the society in terms of friendship and relationship with the opposite sex and the rules on clothing. Overall, the resistance towards the norms of the society was revealed to be low. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

618 - The Effects of acute consumption of BCAA,s on inflammatory and muscle damage indicators following intense resistance training session in girls professional athletes
Marjaneh Mehrabi Bahram Abedi Mojtaba Khansooz

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of acute BCAA supplementation on some inflammatory indicators and muscle damage following an intense resistance training session in female athletes. In this semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-tes More

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of acute BCAA supplementation on some inflammatory indicators and muscle damage following an intense resistance training session in female athletes. In this semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design, 20 female athletes were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10: resistance training group with BCAA supplementation and resistance training group with placebo supplementation, one in the morning and one in the evening. A bout of resistance activity including 10 sets of eight repetitions of squats with 70% of 1RM using the Smith machine and a 3-minute rest between each set was performed by all participants. After completing the squat protocol, participants performed five consecutive sets of 20 repetitions (10 repetitions of split body weight jumps) with two minutes of rest between each set. The obtained data were analyzed using the dependent t-test and the covariance test with Benferroni's post hoc test using spss version 22 software. The results of the study showed that the serum levels of creatine kinase and the amount of delayed muscle pain and stiffness immediately, 24 and 48 hours and the serum levels of interleukin 6 immediately after intense resistance activity increased significantly compared to the baseline state. Also, the plasma levels of creatine kinase and the level of delayed muscle pain and stiffness in 24 hours and the level of interleukin-6 plasma levels have reached their peak after intense resistance activity, and this level was significantly higher than 48 and 72 hours after intense resistance activity. The present study showed that the consumption of BCAA supplement (0.22 g/kg) before and after exercise has no beneficial effect in reducing injury, muscle pain and inflammation in resistance trained women after senteric resistance training. Manuscript profile

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