مراقبه

Open Access Article

1 - Meditation (Dhyana) in Mahayana Buddhism based on Śūrańgama Sūtra
Sepideh Afrashteh Aboulfazl Mahmoudi

In most mystical traditons, an important part of spiritual journey is meditation, known as Dhyana in Buddhism. Dhyana is a practice for concentrating mind so the observer detaches from distractions. In Buddhism, Dhyana is the ground of Samadhi and it is the most basic m More

In most mystical traditons, an important part of spiritual journey is meditation, known as Dhyana in Buddhism. Dhyana is a practice for concentrating mind so the observer detaches from distractions. In Buddhism, Dhyana is the ground of Samadhi and it is the most basic method for purifying the mind and preparing it for attaining illumination and nirvana. All Buddhist sects are convinced that this is the foundation of their rituals. It is believed that the corner stone of Buddhism is direct experience of the Ultimate Reality, rather than textual or philosophical studies; and this experience is not achieved except with Dhyana. In this way Śūrańgama sūtra is one of the most important sūtras which describes different methods and teachings of meditation, for all various Buddhist schools. The main purpose of this article is to explain the quiddity, importance, basics, aims and methods of Dhyana in the Mahayana Buddhism based on Śūrańgama sūtra. We try to answer these questions with the analytical method based on the materials presented in the text, as well as reviewing various findings of other researchers of the Mahayana school. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Stages of Samādhi in Yoga School
علی صادقی شهپر

There are eight stages in the Yoga school that start from physical stagesto mental or super-mental stages. All of these stages are based onconcentration and meditation and the degree of concentration isdetermined according to the subtlety of concentration subject (prakr More

There are eight stages in the Yoga school that start from physical stagesto mental or super-mental stages. All of these stages are based onconcentration and meditation and the degree of concentration isdetermined according to the subtlety of concentration subject (prakrti’sproductions). Samādhi is the last mystical stage in Yoga. It is divided todifferent stages which the last of them is called Asamprajnāta Samādhi(enstasis without support). In this stage the deliverance of Puruśa(spirit) from Prakrti (substance) will be realized. But beforeAsamprajnāta Samādhi there is a stage called Samprajnāta Samādhi(enstasis with support). Samprajnāta Samādhi, in contrast to theAsamprajnāta, is divided to different stages. The precise study of thesestages is the main subject of this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Life and the Mystical Thoughts of St. Bonaventure
Hamid Mahmoudian

St. Bonaventure is undoubtedly one of the most distinguished andeffective figures in Christian mysticism. As the second founder ofFranciscan order, he gives an account of St. Francis' biography andworks; beside that, he deals with the Christian mysticism in his works.Al More

St. Bonaventure is undoubtedly one of the most distinguished andeffective figures in Christian mysticism. As the second founder ofFranciscan order, he gives an account of St. Francis' biography andworks; beside that, he deals with the Christian mysticism in his works.Although his place among the Franciscans is similar to the place ofThomas Aquinas among the Dominicans, the account of his life is notas clear as Aquinas' biography. However, his works could help us tounderstand his character and thought. For example, his book entitledThe Journey of the Mind to God (1259 C. E.) is one of the mostimportant works on Christian mysticism. This article tries to survey hisbiography and his works as well as his ideology and his mystical pointof view. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - A Comparative Study of Sabab-e Nazṃ -e Ketāb’ in Mesḅ āh-̣ ul-Arvāh ̣and Some Other Mystic Works
Dāriūsh Kāzẹ mī

In the present article, some parts of the mystic books called “sabab-e nazṃ -e ketāb’’ are studied. Studying the sameness and similarities of these parts requires exactness and attentiveness. Their sameness is studied in Mesḅ āh-̣ ul-Arv More

In the present article, some parts of the mystic books called “sabab-e nazṃ -e ketāb’’ are studied. Studying the sameness and similarities of these parts requires exactness and attentiveness. Their sameness is studied in Mesḅ āh-̣ ul-Arvāh ̣ written by Shamsaddin Muhạ mmad-ibn Bardsiri. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Last Divine Words Addressed to the Last Prophet in the Mystical Texts(Verse281 from The Surat Al-Baqara)
Mehdi Momtahen Badiollah Sadri

The Holy Quran is a book full of threatening and promising and secret truths and it contains various verses that embodies valuable mystical indications including the verse 2:281, which says"be afraid of the day you are returned to God and then everyone is More

The Holy Quran is a book full of threatening and promising and secret truths and it contains various verses that embodies valuable mystical indications including the verse 2:281, which says"be afraid of the day you are returned to God and then everyone is given what s/he has acquired and nobody will be treated unjustly" that is said to be the last verse which is revealed to Muhammad(pbuh); So, I have tried to explain this verse on the basis of the mystical exegeses of the Holy Quran and made some attempts to come to some useful conclusions. Furthermore one of the axes in this verse refers to God and death, which is traditionally seen as an important aspect that we face. The main objective of this paper is to explain the dimensions and angles of the words in this verse commentaries on the sayings and mystical texts; and it is trying to achieve beneficial results in this field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Model of Self – Purification in Quran Relying Interpretation of Al Mizan
Seeyd Ja’far Mousavi Gilani Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi Gilani

Self-cultivation and self-construction are the purification of the soul from carnal vices and evil desires. Self – purification has been presented as the key to human happiness and perfection in religious learnings and neglecting it would be considered as the More

Self-cultivation and self-construction are the purification of the soul from carnal vices and evil desires. Self – purification has been presented as the key to human happiness and perfection in religious learnings and neglecting it would be considered as the cause of his losses and cruelty. The purpose of abandoning vices and acquiring moral virtues in the field of Quranic ethics is "closeness and attainment to God’s face". The purpose of this study is to provide a practical and applicable model of the Quran for self-purification and has been emphasized according to comprehensiveness of interpretation of Al Mizan; the method of subject description on self – purification is descriptive – analytical. Manuscript profile

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7 - Mysticism in Babataher’s Belief
Ghadamali Sarami Behrooz Kheiriyeh

Baba Taher Hamadani and the enlightened mystic known fifth century AD, which is juicy and meaningful couplet couplet him among the most prominent Iranian literary history is considered. Demonstrates knowledge of the principles of his religious poems harmonic pleasan More

Baba Taher Hamadani and the enlightened mystic known fifth century AD, which is juicy and meaningful couplet couplet him among the most prominent Iranian literary history is considered. Demonstrates knowledge of the principles of his religious poems harmonic pleasant and mystical delicacy. But because his lyrics have changed over time and what was recorded in the books about the history of various mythical is idea the character and the way in an aura of ambiguity has gone down. Therefore, in this study we have attempted to examine the remains of his poems and some brief sentences also citing the opinions of the authors and researchers, and thought his perspective on things mystical to examine. Hoping to take a step forward in this field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Sufi s List of Evidencess (Naghshbandineh: Based on narrations by Seddighiyeh Dynasty)
پروفسور سیدحسن امین

Sufis dynasties recognize themselves as the disciples of religious leaders, as for which they have registered their kinship dynasty. The relevant documents and narrations are considered to be a significant part of the written inheritance of Sufism ans so far little has More

Sufis dynasties recognize themselves as the disciples of religious leaders, as for which they have registered their kinship dynasty. The relevant documents and narrations are considered to be a significant part of the written inheritance of Sufism ans so far little has there been any ananlysis on them. The current paper endeavors to deal with one of the narrations related to Naghshbandineh, having a fundamental role in identifying personages of the dynasty such as Abdur Rahman Jami and others as well as being regarded as the keys to explore mysticism ans Sufism. Studyng the available primary resources can lead us to the date of extablishment of Khanghah-Sufis temple- and Sufis establishments as well, depiciting an important part of social and political Sufism. Manuscript profile

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9 - Muraqaba in Sight of St. John of the Cross and Ala Al-Dawla Semnani
Abdolkhalegh Jaafari Bakhshali Ghanbari Abd Al Reza Mazaheri

Muraqaba is one of the important topics in the mystical conduct of the mystical traditions in Christianity and Islam. Whether it is contemplation or status, there is a difference between the mystics of these two traditions, which is widely mentioned in mysticism. Among More

Muraqaba is one of the important topics in the mystical conduct of the mystical traditions in Christianity and Islam. Whether it is contemplation or status, there is a difference between the mystics of these two traditions, which is widely mentioned in mysticism. Among the mystics of these two religious traditions, we can mention St. John of the Cross and Ala Al-Dawla Semnani, who spoke about contemplation, and comparing the views of the two has led to novel results. Both believe that in order for Contemplation to take place, seclusion must be practiced, without which contemplation cannot be achieved. While emphasizing both of them, focusing on the environment, ignoring the environment, becoming unconscious, thinking to reach nearness to God, loving attention to God, denying outward thoughts and senses, patience and perseverance prayer in contemplation have been considered as important factors in Muraqaba. Nevertheless, Ala Al-Dawla Semnani considers the mention of language and heart necessary for the seeker to achieve Muraqaba, but according to St. John of the Cross, one should proceed only with God without performing any special deeds. How to enter Contemplation is also different from the point of view of these two mystics. In the method of St. John of the Cross is likened to a ladder and it is stated in general, but Al-Dawla Semnani has explained the conditions and methods of Muraqaba in more detail. In processing the methods of Muraqaba, John is more detailed than Semnani and gives more details. Manuscript profile

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10 - A Comparative Study of the Customs of Hindu Mysticism and the Mysticism of the Qadiriyya Sect
Azadeh Rahmani Jamshid Jalali Sheyjani Mahmud Reza Esfandiar

Mysticism of Qadiriyya and Hindu Mysticism are originated from two completely separated schools but there are many common aspects between these two doctrines. Qadiriyya is among mystical tariqas in Islam which is attributed to Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani (1078-1166) and i More

Mysticism of Qadiriyya and Hindu Mysticism are originated from two completely separated schools but there are many common aspects between these two doctrines. Qadiriyya is among mystical tariqas in Islam which is attributed to Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani (1078-1166) and is impressed by Hindu doctrine in some traditions and customs. Among the philosophical schools in India, the existing customs and rituals such as annihilation with salvation, dhikr with achapai and meditation with yoga have been applied in the Qadiriyya way. What are the similarities between the mysticism of Hindu religions and the Qadiriyya sect, and how did this sect enter the Indian subcontinent by disciples throughout history? The result of this research is that hearing and yoga are both forms of worship to honor the gods and achieve peace and freedom from worldly suffering, and Hindu ascetics, like the Qadiriyya dervishes, purify the soul by intuition, which is called ajapai. Also, their ceremonies are held in Qadiriyah by receiving the cloak, which is the secret of accepting the disciple. It was in the course of historical research that made the process of study difficult for researchers. Lack of research in the field of historical research made it difficult for researchers in present article, so we decided to study these two mystics in our historical path with a descriptive, analytical method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Self-knowledge: Necessity and Means of Achievement From Allameh Tabatabaei’s Viewpoint
Akram Rezaii Maryam Bakhtyar Seyed Jasem Pajouhandeh

“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the tr More

“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the true and celestial “self” of the human being, which is an immaterial, fixed, and remaining truth in all states and effects, in such a way that the human being does not need any proof or reasoning to prove it within themselves and he/she witnesses it with intuitive knowledge. Many scholars have had speeches about elaborating on this important subject in various epistemic areas, but the theory and attitude of mystic Allameh Tabatabaei in this respect (self-knowledge) are very precise and rich. This paper aims to achieve the above-mentioned subject through a descriptive-analytic way in his works. In this paper, we have achieved the following results: He believes that in order to enter and reach this path, one must use religious ways mentioned in religious sources such as self-judgment, meditation, silence, hunger, solitude, night vigil and so on in addition to diligence in worship. This way, because of self-attention gradually the four worlds of monotheism of actions, monotheism of attributes, monotheism of names and at the end monotheism in essence, will be revealed to the mystic. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Moving from meditation to meditation from the perspective of John the Cross
Abd Al-Khaliq Jafari Bakhsh Ali Qanbari Abd Al-Reza Mazaheri

Meditation and meditation are concepts that are often used interchangeably, but there are differences between them. There are many practices in Christianity that can be thought of as meditation or the practice of the presence of the mind. The meaning and concept of medi More

Meditation and meditation are concepts that are often used interchangeably, but there are differences between them. There are many practices in Christianity that can be thought of as meditation or the practice of the presence of the mind. The meaning and concept of meditation is also found in the works of John the Cross, and it seems that he also believed in establishing a relationship with God in this way, provided that meditation leads to meditation. This relationship occurs early in the ascent for the soul and the active night experiences the senses. Communication through images, the senses, and the use of imagination, which John refers to as the imaginative method or sensory meditation and discourse meditation. Meditation is the work of two imagination and senses. The criterion for advancing towards union with God is to give up meditation and go to the stage of thinking. In the thinking phase, communication with God is not received through the senses, but indirectly through the spiritual part of the soul, where there may be more communication. John sees the transcendent experience as transcending thought and understanding into a state of calm and deep inner awakening, and compares this experience to awakening. He uses the term awakening to refer to the process of "awakening the soul from the natural to the supernatural" and believes that the soul, in its simplicity and purity, immediately becomes simple and pure wisdom. John calls meditation meditation: general and pure action, calm inner, loving knowledge, general knowledge or general romantic knowledge, contemplation, loving or peaceful presence, loving attention, attention and general romantic knowledge. In his opinion, contemplation is a sign of sweet divine love. Manuscript profile

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13 - تاثیر تمرینات مراقبه تمرکزی بر کارکرد توجه پایدار، انتخابی و انتقالی در زنان
آتنا احسان نیارمی وحید نجاتی فریبا حسنی

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