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Open Access Article

1 - Analysis of the narrative technique of "short connection" in the novel "Al Farashe Zarqa" by Rabi Jaber
Fatemeh Abbasi Hafeshjani Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi tahere chaldare

Para-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last d More

Para-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last decades of the 20th century to breathe a new spirit into the novel, various and numerous contemporary components are used, the most important and prominent of which is "short connection", which means creating a triangular and triangular connection between the author. The audience is the author of the story and the author of the character. This article discusses the wide use of postmodern techniques in Rabi Jaber's fictional works and analyzes this technique in the author's novel "Al Farasha Zarqa" to show how contemporary Arab novelists, according to the stylistic requirements and literary currents of the world, use this method technically and Industrialists are employed. The result shows that Rabi Jaber has used this method in the mentioned novel for innovation, dynamism and creation of a new and new narrative, as well as introducing important and modern themes and breaking the old taboos of the classic novel and blurring the border between fantasy and reality. It should be noted that the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Mask of Khayyam and its Meanings for Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati
Zohreh Qorbani Madavani

Mask and cover technique is known as one of the mystery’s types and is a tool that give opportunity to poets to express their experiments indirectly. Bayati could be known as the pioneer in Arabic contemporary poetry; skilled and capable poet in applying cover tec More

Mask and cover technique is known as one of the mystery’s types and is a tool that give opportunity to poets to express their experiments indirectly. Bayati could be known as the pioneer in Arabic contemporary poetry; skilled and capable poet in applying cover technique. He creates images full of human emotions and feelings as well as great values; he gets help of ancient heritage, Arabic myths and contemporary Iranian characters; one of these characters was Khayyam. Therefore this article seeks to study cover technique for Al Bayati. The method of the research is descriptive – analytical. One of the outcomes of this article is that Bayati exaggerates time and place in applying cover; he gets distance of himself in order to say his audience his difference with others who apply the mentioned technique. Khayyam’s Mask is a mystery to express contemporary human’s issues and unwrap political and social thoughts indirectly. Thus Khayyam is same as Bayati and as a revolutionist tries to reform his society which was full of foolishness and darkness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Reflections of polyphonic narrative in the novel 'Confessions of a Silencer' by Mo΄nes al-Razzāz as a manifestation of postmodernism
Zahra Beheshti Shaker Amery Sadeq Askari Ahiakbar Noreseedeh

Polyphony is a technique that was proposed in novel and stories by Mikhail MikhailovichBakhtin and then by postmodernists. In Polyphony, multiple sounds of different characters are heard and the sound of main narrator of novel is forgotten. So there are some narrators i More

Polyphony is a technique that was proposed in novel and stories by Mikhail MikhailovichBakhtin and then by postmodernists. In Polyphony, multiple sounds of different characters are heard and the sound of main narrator of novel is forgotten. So there are some narrators in polyphony novels, and the common order of narrating story is not seen in such novels. We can say in such novels, different and even antithetic situations have special sounds. These sounds are placed between conversations of characters. Polyphony is one of the important properties of metanarrative. Merging subsidiary stories in the framework of main story, expressing daily dreams in a narrative frame and a world of dreams and nightmares are some properties of this kind of story. This property is existed in novel of "confesses of sound hider" (e`eterafatokatemalsout) by "mo`nes al-Razaz", the writer has merged a subsidiary story in the framework of main story. He uses daily memories and describes the dreams and nightmares of story characters. So the sounds of all novel characters have a role, and we can say that the novel doesn't have a normal form of first-person narrator or the third-person narrator. Although the third-person narrator occasionally appears, and intermixes to the other narrators of novel, but the narration direction of novel is continuing by sounds of the other characters.  This essay explains about the polyphony technique and its sources, then surveys this technique and different narrators in the novel. And also, it surveys merging subsidiary stories in the framework of main story and appearance of a world of dreams and nightmares. This property has frequently a special place in polyphony novels. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Reflection of Triple-Narratives of Redemption in Works of Mikha'ilNa'ima and Ahmad Shamlou from a Lyotardian perspective
Haniyeh Majidi Fard Ahmadreza Heidaryan Shahri Bahar Seddighi

The issue of emancipation in contemporary times became more important with the rise of the intellectual movement and scientific advancement. The French philosopher and postmodernist, Jean-François Lyotard, considers redemption as the most important narrative, and More

The issue of emancipation in contemporary times became more important with the rise of the intellectual movement and scientific advancement. The French philosopher and postmodernist, Jean-François Lyotard, considers redemption as the most important narrative, and is of the view that this narrativeembraces three parts, namely, the Marxist historical narrative,the Christian religious narrative, and the intellectual evolution narrative. In this era,committed literature, which is concerned with social and individual needs, was booming due to the effects of political issues. This type of literature is widely available in Persian and Arabic literature as well-known writers, includingMikha'ilNa'ima and Ahmad Shamlouhave produced a large number of writings with regard to human redemption in terms ofanthropological, philosophical, political and social issues. The present study attempts to bring to the fore and examine the above-mentioned narratives in the writings of these two literary scholars. This study examines howthe three narrativesare reflected in Persian and Arabic literature and analyzes the freedom thought in the works of Mikha'ilNa'ima and Ahmad Shamlou from a Lyotardianperspective. The overall results suggest that three redemption narratives have been constructed in the contemporary era and they are widely present in Na'ima and Shamlou’s works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - American Neocolonialism and Xenophobia against Arabs in Ala al-Aswāni's Chicago
Fatemeh Bornaki Natasha Poordana Hojatollah Borzabadi Farahani

Literature is studied from the long times ago as a symbolic manifestation of the dominant policies of the society. In the post-colonial and post-modern era that attention to individual values and equality becomes prominent, a literary reading of the study of the posit More

Literature is studied from the long times ago as a symbolic manifestation of the dominant policies of the society. In the post-colonial and post-modern era that attention to individual values and equality becomes prominent, a literary reading of the study of the position of the Arab and Muslim race in America, in which democracy, freedom and equal rights for all are claimed, represents the social and political truth of the present era. The present study is a sociopolitical study of the position of Arab and Muslim identities in the Ala al-Aswāni's novel Chicago on the basis of the political philosophy of Chantal Mouffe, French politician and philosopher, who says that due to the existence of superior ideology, public understanding is impossible. What happens in post-colonial democracy is a kind of new politician order to preserve democracy and opponent control. The sociocultural study of Chicago which represents the life of emigrants in American society in the post-September 11 attack era, explains a kind of hidden neo-colonialism, in which institutionalized Arab and Muslim races as the possible enemy of the country and American people, and terroristic factors in public minds. This explains the untold fact that equality in American society is nothing more than a democratic chanting, and new politics in neo-colonialism form, tries to control 'the other race and religion', by inducing horror and hate against other races and Muslims. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The functions of polyphonic narration in the novel "War in Egypt" by Yusuf al-Qaed
Omid Jahanbakht Layli Shahram Delshad Mojtaba Elyasi

Polyphonic narrative is a new type of narrative used by some postmodernist literary historians in the late 1970s to the last decade. In this type of literature, the author uses several narrators for narration and avoids the use of a single narrator.Yusuf Al-Qa'id(1944), More

Polyphonic narrative is a new type of narrative used by some postmodernist literary historians in the late 1970s to the last decade. In this type of literature, the author uses several narrators for narration and avoids the use of a single narrator.Yusuf Al-Qa'id(1944), a prominent Egyptian novelist, has used this method in some of his novels to demonstrate his approach to innovation. The purpose of this article is to examine the functions of polyphonic narration in the novel "War on the Land of Egypt ". It is important to examine this approach in order to identify novels that are modeled on practices appropriate to the age of democracy and civilization; The methods that have been used in conjunction with the development of societies as well as their social and political transformation to convey effective functions to the Arabic reader. The findings indicate that this narrative method is used in the novel to induce three basic functions, namely,dramatic and thematic struggle, explanation and communityization of events and subjects, creating equality, and establishing equal dialogue among fictional characters.I Yusuf al-Qa'id has chosen this narrative style for his narrative plot and through it he intends to reject with this new kind of monotheism and tyranny in the narration and presentation of ideas so that all the characters are equally Be present in the arena of narration, and on the other hand, the reader should be aware of the crisis of democracy and equality in the Arab society in a tangible and realistic way. Manuscript profile

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