Current patterns of production and energy consumption depend heavily on combustion of fossil fuels. All the services and commodities produced in an economy are related -- directly or indirectly -- to energy consumption and therefore to the emission of air pollutants suc More
Current patterns of production and energy consumption depend heavily on combustion of fossil fuels. All the services and commodities produced in an economy are related -- directly or indirectly -- to energy consumption and therefore to the emission of air pollutants such as carbon dioxide (the main cause of greenhouse effect and climatic changes). Generally speaking, the amount of CO2 emission depends on such factors as CO2 intensity, energy intensity, interactions between and among economy sectors, production-technology nexus, and the structure and level of final demand for the commodities of different sectors. The aim of this article is to identify the interactions between productive activities of the country’s industries in a given period of time (year 2001), intensity of energy consumption by these activities, and the resulting environmental impacts (specifically CO2 emissions). To this end, the input-output approach has been used to formulate a model for the calculation of the energy vector and CO2 intensity of industries so that one can rank industries by their level of pollution. The findings of the present article can be used for policy making regarding energy conservation, pollution control, and choice of appropriate production technique(s) for industries, considering environmental impacts. Furthermore, suitable prices could be set to control the final demand for the products of more pollutant sectors and thereby control air pollution with CO2.
Manuscript profile
Abstract Background and Objective: Industrial activities have positive and negative impacts on urban system. This has led urban planning system in different countries, consider different policies to deal with these activities in urban scale. The purpose of this paper is More
Abstract Background and Objective: Industrial activities have positive and negative impacts on urban system. This has led urban planning system in different countries, consider different policies to deal with these activities in urban scale. The purpose of this paper is to identify the approaches in urban planning system, dealing with urban industrial activities and also understanding the relationship between the two vast domains of "urban planning" and "industrial activities planning" in achieving sustainable development. Method: The research method used in this paper is descriptive - analytic method based on the study of the documents of urban industrial planning experiences in different countries. Findings: The experiences of different countries in the field of urban industrial planning, represents the implementation of different policies in this field. The most common policies include pollution prevention, cleaner production, industrial zoning, revitalization of abandoned(inactive) industrial buildings through functional conversion, and finally revitalization of abandoned industrial sites, by using three policies: Special zoning and using incentives to keep and attract industrial activities in the city, Creation of mixed use for diversity and attractiveness of the site, and Clustering the industrial activities and emphasizing on integrated planning. Results: In this paper, three main approaches are identified as the basis of policy making in urban industrial planning:(1) Stabilization of industrial activities in a location, (2) Relocating industrial activities, and (3) attracting the industrial activities to a location.
Manuscript profile
Background and Objective: Nowadays, pollution of groundwater by heavy metals is encreasing. Heavy metals are one of the most widespread cause of pollution in water and the presence of increasing levels of these metals in the environment is causing serious concern in pub More
Background and Objective: Nowadays, pollution of groundwater by heavy metals is encreasing. Heavy metals are one of the most widespread cause of pollution in water and the presence of increasing levels of these metals in the environment is causing serious concern in public opinion owing to their toxicity. This study aims to assess the concentration and distribution pattern of heavy metals (Cadmium, Chrome, Nickel, Lead and Zink) in groundwater of an industrialized region in Eslamshahr which located in the southeastern of Tehran Method: Presently, groundwater is the predominant source of drinking water in this town. For this purpose, 92 samples were taken from 23 wells in 4 seasons.The concentration of heavy metals in the samples was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. ARC GIS software was applied for preparing the distribution patterns. Results: The results showed that chrome and zinc concentrations were lower than the permissible level in the drinking water. However, the concentration of cadmium in 8.7% of samples taken in winter were higher than the permissible level determined in drinking water standard of Iran. Nickel concentration in winter was 8.7% higher than the permissible level. Lead concentration of samples in 47.8% and 4.35% of samples taken in summer and winter were higher than the permissible level, respectively. The high level of water pollution in southern part of Eslamshahr is attributed to the large number of industries, big farm lands, application of chemical fertilizers and the pesticides containing heavy metals, busy main and secondary roads , and most importantly, the hydraulic slope from northwest to southeast of this region.
Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
